著者

Ambara R. Pradipta 田中 克典

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.3, pp.301-306, 2017-03-01 (Released:2017-03-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

Acrolein, a highly toxic α, β-unsaturated aldehyde, occurs as pollutant in the environment (e.g., tobacco smoke and exhaust gas) and is ubiquitously generated in biosystems (e.g., the lipid peroxidation process and metabolism of polyamine or amino acids). High accumulation of acrolein in biosystems is often linked pathologically with several oxidative stress-related diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, acrolein holds great potential as a key biomarker in oxidative stress-related diseases, and direct measurement of acrolein in biological samples is important to provide information for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Recently, we have serendipitously discovered the unrecognized reactivity of phenyl azide to acrolein. Phenyl azide can rapidly and selectively react with acrolein in a “click” manner to provide 4-formyl-1,2,3-triazoline through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. We have successfully utilized the acrolein-azide click reaction as a simple but robust method for detecting and visualizing acrolein generated by live cells in the context of oxidative stress processes. In addition, we also serendipitously discovered novel cycloaddition reactions of N-alkyl-α,β-unsaturated imines derived from acrolein and biogenic amines (e.g., polyamines, norepinephrine, and sphingosine), to yield 8-membered cyclic compounds. We then examined the biological functions of the cyclic products and revealed for the first time their roles in the oxidative stress mechanism and inhibition of amyloid β(1-40) fibrillization.

著者

三星 知 山田 仁志 山崎 修治 小林 真理子 上野 和行 長井 一彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.7, pp.943-947, 2020-07-01 (Released:2020-07-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

---

Concomitant therapy with acetaminophen (APAP) and low-dose aspirin is often used in clinical settings; however, it is unclear whether this combination is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that concomitant therapy with APAP and low-dose aspirin may cause CKD progression. We carried out a retrospective 6-year cohort study that included all patients who received low-dose aspirin from January 2011 to December 2016 at Kaetsu Hospital. Primary outcome was defined as CKD progression at the end of the study compared with baseline. Among the 441 patients treated during the study period, we identified 89 cases of CKD progression. Multivariate regression analysis showed that exposure to APAP>50 g [odds ratio (OR), 2.68, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-6.70], age increase by 1 year (OR, 1.05, 95% CI, 1.02-1.08), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.40, 95% CI, 1.41-4.08) had positive associations with CKD progression. Our findings suggested that concomitant therapy with APAP and low-dose aspirin increased the risk of CKD progression. Therefore, we recommend more thorough monitoring of serum creatinine when patients are on such concomitant therapy. Moreover, it is important to advise users of low-dose aspirin to avoid unnecessary use of APAP, in order to reduce the risk of CKD progression.

著者

小野嵜 菊夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.6, pp.645-660, 2013-06-01 (Released:2013-06-01)

参考文献数

96

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) was initially defined as a factor which is produced by macrophages and exhibits proliferative activity on thymocytes and fibroblasts, B cell activation and endogenous pyrogen activity. Now IL-1 is known to exhibit pleiotropic activities on various cell types and play important roles in the regulation of immune, nervous and endocrine systems, progression of tumor cells, hematopoietic cell proliferation/differentiation and especially in inflammatory diseases. In 1985 I found that IL-1 exhibits cytocidal activity against human melanoma cells. Since then I have been engaged in the research of various aspects of IL-1. This review summarizes current knowledge of IL-1, including our research and beneficial effect of IL-1 blocking on inflammatory diseases.

著者

白坂 善之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.5, pp.599-608, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

---

Although oral drugs account for 80% of the world drug market, many difficulties arise in their development. The drug absorption profile after oral administration may be influenced by multiple factors, including dosing conditions and physiological state of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Variability in GI fluid volume may influence the absorption characteristics. Indeed, the contributions of passive diffusion, transporters, and metabolic enzymes depend on GI drug concentration, which is influenced by changes in GI fluid volume. However, this important variable has been neglected in many prediction methods for oral drug absorption and drug interactions, and for convenience it is often assumed that the GI water volume is fixed at a constant value. Major global regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) recommend using a constant fluid volume of 250 mL (the fluid volume of a glass of water) to estimate the theoretical GI concentration of drugs after oral administration. However, the actual volume of water in the GI tract is both time- and site-dependent as a result of water intake, absorption, secretion, and GI transit. This review article summarizes our data showing that luminal water volume is influenced by the osmolality of the applied solution, and illustrates how this effect may contribute to changes in GI drug concentration, resulting in altered drug absorption.

著者

角田 慎一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.2, pp.203-207, 2011-02-01 (Released:2011-02-01)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

4 7

---

Recently, the number of applications of nanomaterials in medicine, cosmetics and food to which we are directly exposed has been expanding rapidly. The safety of such nanomaterials has not been well assessed, because nanomaterials have been considered as safe as common larger sized materials which are known not to be absorbed by the body. Therefore, WHO and OECD are collecting safety information on nanomaterials with a view to regulation of their use. Although assessment of in vivo behaviors of nanomaterials, (i.e., absorption and distribution, and correlation analysis with hazard information) is urgently needed, such research has not yet been undertaken. In this regard, using amorphous silica particles as model nanomaterials, we are starting to study safety, in vivo behavior and their correlation; silica particles are often used in cosmetics and foods and also, downsized particles are rapidly becoming available. In our study, we have found that silica particles below 100 nm in diameter show significantly different characteristics in in vivo behavior and biological effects i.e., penetration through skin and distribution to brain. Here, I addressed the importance of studies in physicochemical characteristics, kinetic behaviors, and biological effects of nanomaterials below 100 nm in size, to ensure their safety.

著者

林 利光

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.1, pp.61-79, 2008-01-01 (Released:2008-01-01)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

4 11

---

In the search for novel antiviral molecules from natural products, we have discovered various antiviral molecules with characteristic mechanisms of action. Scopadulciol (SDC), isolated from the tropical medicinal plant Scoparia dulcis L., showed stimulatory effects on the antiviral potency of acyclovir (ACV) or ganciclovir (GCV). This effect of SDC was exerted via the activation of viral thymidine kinase (HSV-1 TK) and, as a result, an increase in the cellular concentration of the active form of ACV/GCV, i.e., the triphosphate of ACV or GCV. On the basis of these experimental results, cancer gene therapy using the HSV-1 tk gene and ACV/GCV together with SDC was found to be effective in suppressing the growth of cancer cells in animals. Acidic polysaccharides such as calcium spirulan (Ca-SP) from Spirulina platensis, nostoflan from Nostoc flagelliforme, and a fucoidan from the sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida (mekabu fucoidan) were also found to be potent inhibitors against several enveloped viruses. Their antiviral potency was dependent on molecular weight and content of the sulfate or carboxyl group as well as counterion species chelating with sulfate groups, indicating the importance of the three-dimensional structure of the molecules. In addition, unlike dextran sulfate, Ca-SP was shown to target not only viral absorption/penetration stages but also some replication stages of progeny viruses after penetration into cells. When mekabu fucoidan or nostoflan was administered with oseltamivir phosphate, their synergistic antiviral effects on influenza A virus were confirmed in vitro as well as in vivo.

著者

江角 悟 河崎 陽一 猪田 宏美 北村 佳久 千堂 年昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.5, pp.649-653, 2018-05-01 (Released:2018-05-01)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

---

Pharmacists are required to contribute to evidence-based medicine (EBM) by providing drug information, which can be collected from various sources such as books, websites, and original articles. In particular, information from original articles is needed in some situations. For example, original articles by international researchers are used to aid the management of novel in-hospital preparations on which little knowledge is available. We introduced an information evaluation program, the Okayama University Hospital EBM Model, into the clinical training of 5th-year pharmacy students. It aims to enable students to evaluate the validity of novel in-hospital preparations using original articles. This program has improved students' knowledge of EBM, and the satisfaction level of those enrolled was high. In addition, customer satisfaction analysis revealed that the overall degree of student satisfaction was related to their understanding of the necessity for EBM and the difficulty of practical training. In addition, students' achievements were evaluated using rubrics, and that method allowed the achievements of each student to be assessed appropriately. We hope to revise this program with the aim of improving students' understanding of EBM.

著者

和久 敬蔵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.2, pp.67-81, 2006-02-01 (Released:2006-02-01)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

4 3

---

Marijuana has been used as a traditional medicine and a pleasure-inducing drug for thousands of years around the world, especially in Asia. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, major psychoactive component of marijuana, has been shown to interact with specific cannabinoid receptors, thereby eliciting a variety of pharmacological responses in experimental animals and human. In 1990, the gene encoding a cannabinoid receptor (CB1) was cloned. This prompted the search for endogenous ligands. In 1992, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) was isolated from pig brain as an endogenous ligand, and in 1995, 2-arachidonoylglycerol was isolated from rat brain and canine gut as another endogenous ligand. Both anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol exhibit various cannabimimetic activities. The results of structure-activity relationship experiments, however, revealed that 2-arachidonoylglycerol, but not anandamide, is the intrinsic natural ligand for the cannabinoid receptor. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol is a degradation product of inositol phospholipids that links the function of the cannabinoid receptors with the enhanced inositol phospholipid turnover in stimulated tissues and cells. The possible physiological roles of cannabinoid receptors and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in various mammalian tissues such as those of the nervous and inflammatory cells are demonstrated. Furthermore, the future development of therapeutic drugs coming from this endocannabinoid system are discussed.

著者

小田原 真希 山科 卓也 入江 健司 山下 克也 鶴田 南奈子 塚田 寛子 鶴山 萌子 金内 弘志 原 利宝 児玉 真由子 久保 徳彦 平木 洋一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.2, pp.319-328, 2020-02-01 (Released:2020-02-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

---

In this study, antimicrobial stewardship team (AST) intervention was evaluated by comparing patient outcomes and consumption of broad-spectrum antibiotics [carbapenem antibiotics and tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC)] before and after the intervention. There was no fluctuation in the consumption rate of carbapenem, TAZ/PIPC and other antibiotics, but there was a decreased annual consumption of antibiotics after AST intervention compared to before intervention. For the carbapenems, antimicrobial use density (AUD) of meropenem (MEPM) was highest in both periods, at 20.1 and 20.4 before and after AST intervention, respectively, with no significant change after AST intervention. However, the days of therapy (DOT) for MEPM were 27.4 and 24.8 d, respectively, with a decreasing trend after AST intervention. AUD and DOT for TAZ/PIPC after AST intervention were 6.5 and 8.1 d, respectively, which were lower than the pre-intervention values. Rapid identification of the causative strain enables early de-escalation and may improve the economics of antibiotic use, but there was no difference from before to after AST intervention. Compared with before and after strain identification, the carbapenem administration rate after AST intervention was significantly lower than the pre-intervention rate (p<0.01). There was no difference in 28-day mortality and treatment period before and after AST intervention, and there were no differences in outcomes such as resolution of bacteremia, mortality, exacerbation and no change from before to after AST intervention. Based on these results, we suggest that AST intervention can reduce consumption of antibiotics without altering patient outcomes.

著者

小島 周二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.6, pp.743-749, 2014-06-01 (Released:2014-06-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 4

---

We previously reported that low doses (0.25-0.5 Gy) of γ-rays induce intracellular antioxidant, radioresistant, DNA damage repair, and so on. Meanwhile, we have recently reported that ATP is released from the cells exposed to low-dose γ-rays. Here, it was investigated whether or not γ-radiation-induced release of extracellular ATP contributes to various radiation effects, in paricular, focusing on the inductions of intracellular antioxidant and DNA damage repair. Irradiation with γ-rays or exogenously added ATP increased expression of intracellular antioxidants such as thioredoxin and the increases were blocked by pretreatment with an ecto-nucleotidase in both cases. Moreover, release of ATP and autocrine/paracrine positive feedback through P2Y receptors serve to amplify the cellular repair response to radiation-induced DNA damage. To sum up, it would be suggested that ATP signaling is important for the effective induction of radiation stress response, such as protection of the body from the radiation and DNA damage repair. In addition, the possibility that this signaling is involved in the radiation resistance of cancer cells and beneficial effect on the organism of low-dose radiation and radiation adaptive response, would be further suggested.

著者

日下 英司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.2, pp.237-242, 2016-02-01 (Released:2016-02-01)

参考文献数

4

---

In developing countries, many people are unable to access basic healthcare services, resulting in many avoidable deaths and/or disabilities. The United Nations adopted the Millennium Development Goals in order to resolve this problem, and Japan has been contributing greatly to the achievement of these goals. In this context, in 2013 the Government of Japan proposed its Strategy on Global Health Diplomacy, and since then has been promoting Universal Health Coverage. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the particular importance of addressing neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has been stressed by the international community. Nevertheless, of the 1 billion people world-wide who are currently living with NTDs, about three-fourths of these are living in poverty, and of these, nearly 65% are unable to acquire or access drugs for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Under these circumstances, Japan decided to support the Global Health Innovative Technology (GHIT) Fund in order to support the research and development of drugs for people in developing countries, as well as the manufacture, supply and administration of these drugs. Over the last two years, the GHIT Fund has been supporting the research and development of five new candidate drugs for three NTDs (Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and malaria). Japan also hopes to stimulate domestic pharmaceutical industries in developing countries, as well as to increase international cooperation through various activities such the utilization of our capacity to research and develop new drugs.

著者

進 健司 小林 大介 川尻 雄大 牛島 悠一 梅田 勇一 金澤 康範 神村 英利 島添 隆雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.2, pp.317-325, 2019-02-01 (Released:2019-02-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

---

Psychiatric treatment is shifting from hospital to ambulatory care. It is important that pharmacists positively support outpatients. Pharmacist-led interviews with outpatients have been conducted in the psychiatric department of Iizuka Hospital before examination by the doctor since 2015. Few studies in this field have reported about the effect of the pharmacist-led interviews using subjective evaluation of outpatients prior to examination by doctors. The aim of this study was to reveal this effect by the evaluation of outpatients. We conducted a questionnaire survey. More than 80% of the patients responded that it was “Good” to have an interview with the pharmacist prior to examination by the doctor. Moreover, 71.7% of the patients were “Satisfied” with the pharmacist-led interview, while 81.7% of them responded to “Agree” about continuing the interview in the future. Patients who were satisfied and wished to continue the pharmacist-led interviews were more likely to report better rapport with the doctor as well, in comparison to the patients who answered negatively. Furthermore, the patients who answered “Satisfied” were significantly less likely to forget reporting to the doctor than those who answered negatively. The pharmacist-led interviews in the psychiatric department were appreciated by the patients. In conclusion, pharmacists can facilitate communication between patients and doctors through these interviews. These results indicate that the pharmacist-led interview before the doctor examination is a useful effort from the perspective of outpatients.

著者

土屋 守克 長田 浩平 荒川 浩 髙橋 誠一 亀井 優徳 松井 悠子 間藤 卓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.6, pp.939-953, 2019-06-01 (Released:2019-06-01)

参考文献数

18

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of two types of medication administration-assisting food. The subjects were 30 caregivers of children from one to eight years old hospitalized in the pediatrics unit of a university hospital, and 30 nurses caring for them. The caregivers gave medications to their children using two types of administration-assisting food, “chocolate” and “jelly”. A questionnaire was prepared to investigate the efficacy of the administration-assisting food, and the caregivers and nurses responded to the questionnaire after the medication was given. The questionnaire data included many positive responses regarding the administration-assisting food, demonstrating its efficacy. The caregivers of children aged ≥4 years responded that the “chocolate” type was more effective than the “jelly” type in administering medications. There also tended to be a positive opinion of the “chocolate” among the nurses of children aged ≥4 years. However, the opinion of the “chocolate” and “jelly” were equivalent among the nurses of children aged <4 years. The reasons for these results were thought to be that the children were at an age when their sense of taste was developing and changing, plus correlations with past experience of the food and differences in the properties of the administration-assisting food. Easiness of swallowing of administration-assisting foods may be important for children whose taste is underdeveloped. However, the taste of administration-assisting foods may be important for children with taste development. Selecting administration-assisting foods based on these factors may be useful for the smooth administration of medication.

著者

山本 麻里子 井出 直仁 北島 信三 大林 正和 淺田 馨 松島 暁 伊藤 政治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.11, pp.1479-1483, 2019-11-01 (Released:2019-11-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

5

---

Empagliflozin reduces blood glucose levels independently of insulin secretion by reducing glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules through inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). Because SGLT2 inhibitors have a different mechanism of action to conventional antidiabetic drugs, recommendations have been issued about the management of specific side effect such as ketoacidosis, urinary tract infection, and genital infection. There have been some reports of SGLT2 inhibitor-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA), but there have been few reports about euDKA in patients with type 2 diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors while on a low-carbohydrate diet. Here we report a patient who developed euDKA after starting a very low-carbohydrate diet while taking empagliflozin. A 51-year-old man was hospitalized with nausea and vomiting, and investigations revealed metabolic acidosis. euDKA was diagnosed from the information about medications in his drug notebook and a history of eating a low-carbohydrate diet (1900 kcal, consisting of 5.7% carbohydrate, 21.1% protein, 47.3% fat and 25.9% alcohol) for 4 d. The patient improved after infusion of acetated Ringer's solution with 5% glucose and administration of regular insulin. It is necessary for physicians and pharmacists to thoroughly inform patients about the side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors such as ketoacidosis, urinary tract infection, and genital infection. Patients should also be advised about the higher risk of euDKA associated with a low-carbohydrate diet while taking SGLT2 inhibitors.

著者

笹岡 沙也加 松井 利亘 阿部 純子 梅津 亮冴 加藤 大和 上田 夏実 羽根 由基 元岡 佑美 畠平 春奈 紀ノ定 保臣 中村 光浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.3, pp.507-515, 2016-03-01 (Released:2016-03-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

11 14

---

The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare lists hand-foot syndrome as a serious adverse drug event. Therefore, we evaluated its association with anticancer drug therapy using case reports in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). In addition, we calculated the reporting odds ratio (ROR) of anticancer drugs potentially associated with hand-foot syndrome, and applied the Weibull shape parameter to time-to-event data from JADER. We found that JADER contained 338224 reports from April 2004 to November 2014, while FAERS contained 5821354 reports from January 2004 to June 2014. In JADER, the RORs [95% confidence interval (CI)] of hand-foot syndrome for capecitabine, tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil, fluorouracil, sorafenib, and regorafenib were 63.60 (95%CI, 56.19-71.99), 1.30 (95%CI, 0.89-1.89), 0.48 (95%CI, 0.30-0.77), 26.10 (95%CI, 22.86-29.80), and 133.27 (95%CI, 112.85-157.39), respectively. Adverse event symptoms of hand-foot syndrome were observed with most anticancer drugs, which carry warnings of the propensity to cause these effects in their drug information literature. The time-to-event analysis using the Weibull shape parameter revealed differences in the time-dependency of the adverse events of each drug. Therefore, anticancer drugs should be used carefully in clinical practice, and patients may require careful monitoring for symptoms of hand-foot syndrome.

著者

瀬戸 康雄 井上 博之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.5, pp.683-684, 2019-05-01 (Released:2019-05-01)

著者

島内 あかり 長沼 美紗 笹岡 沙也加 畠平 春奈 元岡 佑美 長谷川 栞 福田 昌穂 中尾 智史 堺 千紘 横山 聡 伊野 陽子 中村 光浩 井口 和弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.2, pp.259-267, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

The “self-medication tax deduction” system began in Japan in January 2017, allowing people to encourage the use of OTC drugs. Package inserts contain important information for consumers regarding their use. In this study, we first checked whether the items, as required in the notifications of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, are described in the package inserts of cold remedies and analgesic antipyretics in OTC drugs. The descriptions of almost all packages checked in this study were based on the notifications, but those of a small number of them were not. Next, we examined the description of the items, unrequired in the notification, but worthy for proper use of drugs; e.g., the description of prohibition for use by “patients with severe hypertension” in case of ibuprofen-containing products, and the description was found in only seven of 180 products. Manufactures should make package inserts along with notifications, including the description for proper use of drugs.

著者

内藤 結花 石井 正和 川名 慶治 坂入 由貴 清水 俊一 木内 祐二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.6, pp.735-740, 2009-06-01 (Released:2009-06-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5 8

---

Pharmacists in a community pharmacy may recommend an over-the-counter (OTC) drug to patients with headache. However, it is not clear how pharmacists should distinguish the symptoms of patients and facilitate appropriate self-medication. Here, we investigated the role of pharmacists in a community pharmacy in recommending OTC drugs for self-medication by patients with headache and elucidated their future needs using a questionnaire intended for doctors and pharmacists. More than half of the pharmacists surveyed did not have any experience with recommending OTC drugs for patients with headache. To distinguish between patients for whom pharmacists should “recommend OTC drugs” and patients who should be encouraged “to consult a hospital or clinic,” doctors thought that pharmacists should use an “assistance tool to diagnosis headache, such as a screener for migraine” and “guidelines for chronic headache.” However, few pharmacists used these tools. About 68% of doctors indicated that it would be “meaningful” for pharmacists to distinguish patients with headache. Moreover, both doctors and pharmacists thought that pharmacists should provide patients not only with “instruction on the use of drugs” but also suggest “when to consult a hospital or clinic.” However, 32% of doctors indicated that it is “meaningless” for pharmacists to attempt to distinguish patients with headache and expressed concern about the increase of patients who overuse headache medication. These findings provide useful information to guide pharmacists in community pharmacy when recommending OTC drugs for self-medication by patients with headache.

著者

古武 弥一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.10, pp.1227-1233, 2018-10-01 (Released:2018-10-01)

参考文献数

37

---

It is pivotal to assess the toxicity and safety of chemicals, including medicines, in the research field of environmental health science. Here we introduce neurotoxic mechanisms in mammals of environmental organotin and Parkinson's disease-related chemicals. We clarified that low concentrations of tributyltin decrease α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor subunit GluA2 (GluR2) expression, leading to the vulnerability of cultured neurons. That is, tributyltin reduces GluA2 prior to neuronal death. This GluA2 decrease can be used as a sensitive evaluation index of neurotoxicity, since low levels of certain chemicals, for example some agrochemicals, decrease GluA2 expression. We also elucidated the mechanisms of abnormal protein metabolism induced by low levels of two Parkinson's disease-related chemicals: 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. It is expected that these findings will become clues in accurately evaluating the toxicity of chemicals and/or in investigating the causes of disease.

著者

福田 春香 鈴木 豊史 橋崎 要 吉村 彩也香 小林 千翔 重谷 美子 鈴木 直人 金沢 貴憲 深水 啓朗 山本 佳久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.2, pp.299-308, 2019-02-01 (Released:2019-02-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

---

To clarify the volume of water required to paste pediatric powders, we herein established a standard for the powder paste state by measuring yield values when water was added to powders. The powders used in the present study were selected from 8 types including original and generic drugs. Tipepidine hibenzate is prescribed in the pediatric field in combination with ambroxol hydrochloride and l-carbocysteine. The volumes of water needed to achieve the paste state of ambroxol hydrochloride between the original and generic drugs were similar. However, the volumes of water needed for l-carbocysteine markedly differed between the original and generic drugs due to differences in their additives. The spreadability of the mixture when water was added to the powders was evaluated using a spread meter. Among the powders tested in the present study, the yield value to achieve a paste state with the addition of water was approximately 1000 dyne/cm2. The optimum volume of water estimated from this yield value using the linear proportional relationship for the amount of powder may be applied to the mixture of each pediatric power for dosage/body weight.