著者

五十嵐 忠孝

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.111-138, 2018 (Released:2018-02-09)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

1

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Periodical swarming of the polychaete species, named palolo in English, has been known as socially, culturally, and spiritually important event in Islands Southeast Asia and South Pacific. This study aims at exploring (1) taxonomy and ecology of the palolo and (2) mechanisms of traditional calendars in Indonesia, based on cross-cultural and transdisciplinary analyses of previous studies which have been published since the early 18th Century and the author’s fieldwork data. As the results, cultural events relevant to the palolo swarming geographically existed only in Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, and New Guinea Island in Indonesia. It was also found that the swarming mostly occurred in February or March in these regions, but in October or November in South Pacific (e.g, Samoa). Local people predicted the time of the palolo swarming by observing celestial and lunar movements. Indigenous calendars were also based on these movements, especially heliacal rising of Pleiades or Antares. In case of Lombok Island, the palolo swarming corresponded to 20th day of 10th month in the indigenous system and people stopped counting next month after this month in waiting for the next heliacal rising. In the author’s analyses, this is a sophisticated intercalation system under low astronomical technology. It is concluded that the non-conscious intercalation is the key technology and the palolo swarming is the best fitted natural phenomenon for traditional lunisolar calendrical systems in Eastern Indonesia.

著者

馬場 雄司

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.83-107, 1990-06-30 (Released:2018-02-28)

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The irrigation systems in the principalities of the Southwestern Tai speakers were controlled by the state, giving rise to what Ishii has called ‘quasi-hydraulic societies.” This paper focuses on the irrigation system of the Sipsong Panna, the Tai-Lue kingdom. The Sipsong Panna consisted of many principalities (moeng), each consisting of many villages (ban). According to the accepted theory, the irrigation systems in the Sipsong Panna had the following characteristics. (1) Big canals in each moeng, which were in charge of irrigation officers (Pan Moeng) chosen from among villagers. (2) Titled Pan Moengs supervised commoner Pan Moengs, and were controlled by Tsaolong Phasat (the interior minister of Tsaophendin, the king).  Such systems were in fact seen only in Chiang Hung, the capital area. The big canals were intended principally for irrigating the fields of Tsaophendin and his officers. These fields were cultivated by people with the status of Lek Noi, who were in the service of Tsaophendin, and most of the titled Pan Moengs were chosen from among Lek Noi. Tsaolong Phasat, who worked for the Court of Tsaophendin, supervised Lek Noi and controlled the royal finances. Therefore, he was concerned with the irrigation systems. However, he did not have supreme responsibility for irrigation, which was actually controlled by the royal council (Sanam). In other moengs, most fields belonged to independent farmers, which is why irrigation systems such as those in Chiang Hung were not neccesary.  In conclusion, we can say that the power of Tsaophendin in its economic aspect was limited.

著者

福井 清一

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.129-132, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-07-31)

著者

平松 秀樹

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

CIRAS discussion paper No.67 : 不在の父 --混成アジア映画研究2016 = Absent Fathers --Cine Adobo 2016

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.57-63, 2017-03

著者

木下 昭

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.208-234, 2015-01-31 (Released:2017-10-31)

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze memoirs of Japanese teachers deployed to the Philippines in the Asia Pacific War. The Japanese military tried to teach Filipinos the Japanese language in order to make them accept the legitimacy of the Japanese invasion. Education was the basis of the occupation policy, with about 180 teachers being deployed all over the Philippines. Their students were not only children but also bureaucrats, police officers, and Filipino Japanese language teachers. After American forces came back to the archipelago, however, the Japanese language classes were gradually terminated and teachers struggled to survive in the mountain areas. Some survivors contributed articles about their war experiences to the journal Sampaguita after the war. This paper looks into their stories to understand what they thought about their work in the Philippines. Many of them gave themselves high marks for their education, even though they criticized the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. There are several reasons for their mindset, including the influence of US colonization policies and Japanese occupation policies on the Philippines, as well as teachers’ occupational identity. The teachers are proud of having worked at schools, because they engaged in education their entire lives and maintained good relationships with former students after the war. They considered the friendships to be evidence of their educational achievement.

著者

志村 喬

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.55-63, 1963-11-01 (Released:2019-07-09)

著者

寺内 大左

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.33-76, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-07-31)

参考文献数

20

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This article examines the reorganization of land-use practices and social relationships among members of an indigenous swidden society with the development of coal mining in East Kalimantan. Swiddeners develop large swidden fields using a paid labor system in the concession areas of mining companies to get compensation for their customary land rights. They also practice risk management through two methods. The first is to establish a paddy field and rubber garden on the same field after harvesting the rice, in case there is no compensation from the companies. The second is to oppose the development of coal mining near their village in order to maintain their swidden-based lifestyle. In this article social relationships are investigated with a primary focus on the paid labor system. This labor system is adopted by swiddeners to maintain their large swidden fields and on various other occasions, such as during an emergency. In addition, the paid labor system provides the economically disadvantaged members of the swidden society with a cash income. Moreover, although previous studies have suggested that exchanging commodities, including labor for money, depersonalizes social relationships, the paid labor system in this research is practiced within a social context. In conclusion, swiddeners take advantage of the development of coal mining and the intruding market economy while balancing existing land-use practices and social relationships.

著者

村上 忠良

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.292-295, 2016-01-31 (Released:2017-10-31)

著者

弘末 雅士

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.263-266, 2017 (Released:2017-04-22)

著者

五十嵐 忠孝

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.111-138, 2018

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<p>Periodical swarming of the polychaete species, named palolo in English, has been known as socially, culturally, and spiritually important event in Islands Southeast Asia and South Pacific. This study aims at exploring (1) taxonomy and ecology of the palolo and (2) mechanisms of traditional calendars in Indonesia, based on cross-cultural and transdisciplinary analyses of previous studies which have been published since the early 18th Century and the author's fieldwork data. As the results, cultural events relevant to the palolo swarming geographically existed only in Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, and New Guinea Island in Indonesia. It was also found that the swarming mostly occurred in February or March in these regions, but in October or November in South Pacific (e.g, Samoa). Local people predicted the time of the palolo swarming by observing celestial and lunar movements. Indigenous calendars were also based on these movements, especially heliacal rising of Pleiades or Antares. In case of Lombok Island, the palolo swarming corresponded to 20th day of 10th month in the indigenous system and people stopped counting next month after this month in waiting for the next heliacal rising. In the author's analyses, this is a sophisticated intercalation system under low astronomical technology. It is concluded that the non-conscious intercalation is the key technology and the palolo swarming is the best fitted natural phenomenon for traditional lunisolar calendrical systems in Eastern Indonesia.</p>

著者

岡田 友和

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.267-294, 2015-01-31 (Released:2017-10-31)

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What began as a series of small labor strikes in Hanoi in the fall of 1936 had developed into a major movement by the beginning of 1937. According to police investigations, it was members of the small newspaper company Le Travail who incited Hanoi labor to strike. But why was the Le Travail group concerned in this movement? What was the Le Travail group? What was its purpose? We analyze this social movement in the worldwide context of the economic crisis after1930 and the application of the labor law of Indochina in 1936—which was an indirect cause of the labor strike that broke out in Hanoi in 1936-37 and triggered the implementation of social policies on the same level as in metropolitan France—and also in the context of “legal” or “ illegal” policies of the Indochinese Communist Party. In conclusion, this strike had the effect of creating “a new indigenous social network” grouping management and workers into professions in Hanoi. This article examines the social structure of colonial cities in French Indochina. Its focal point is the influence of colonization on society and urban inhabitants in Vietnam, based on the case of Hanoi during the first half of the twentieth century.

著者

藤田 幸一

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.241-268, 2021-01-31 (Released:2021-01-29)

参考文献数

15

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The development of the Para rubber sector in Myanmar was slow for a long time from the early 1960s, mainly due to policy failures under the “Burmese Way to Socialism.” However, with the rubber boom around 2005–12, the sector started developing rapidly, as in other Asian tropical countries. The development of the sector is expected to be an important base for economic development in Myanmar through industrialization. This paper, based on information and data collected in Mon State in 2013 and 2014, clarifies the current status (with historical background) of various actors—including rubber estates (both private and government), smallholders, traders/processors, and tire factories—and investigates major problems they face. The rapid expansion of rubber plantation by smallholders in Mon State is particularly noteworthy, based on the study of two villages. It is found that the smallholders’ major source of investment is remittances from migrants working in the rubber sector in Southern Thailand. The migrants’ work experiences in Thailand, which expose them to technology and knowledge about supporting institutions, are expected to offer good potential for the future development of Myanmar’s rubber sector.

著者

山口 元樹

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.141-163, 2021-01-31 (Released:2021-01-29)

参考文献数

55

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Jawi, the Arabic script of the Malay language, is one of the cultural components historically shared in the Malay-Islamic world. Indonesia experienced a shift to the Roman alphabet during the early twentieth century, before Malaya did. However, in the 1950s, immediately after Indonesia’s independence, Islamic leaders from West Sumatra initiated a discourse to revive the use of Jawi. This article examines the background of the discourse as well as its relationship to Malaya.Two factors can be identified as forming this background. First, Indonesian Islamic forces demanded the Islamization of the state and society. The discourse on Jawi was related to the emphasis on the significance of Islam in Indonesian culture. Second, regional dissatisfaction was heightened with the predominance of Java, the center of the state. As Jawi is called “the script of Malay” in Indonesia, the revivalist discourse can be understood as demanding respect for the regional Malay culture.From the discourse, it is evident that the unity of the Malay-Islamic world was recognized to some degree after Indonesia’s independence. However, it was principally limited to the framework of the Indonesian nation-state and never developed into an idea that united the Malay-Islamic world politically. This indicates that Indonesian Islamic movements of that period—although their activities based on Islamism have attracted scholars’ attention—had firmly adopted the idea of the Indonesian nation-state.

著者

中田 友子

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.74-103, 2004-06-30 (Released:2017-10-31)

被引用文献数

1

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This paper focuses on a village festival in Southern Laos in which a water buffalo is sacrificed to the village guardian spirit. The village in which fieldwork was conducted in 1998-99 was established by six families from Ngae, a Mon-Khmer group. In 1966, they fled the bombardment around their village, which was located in a remote area, and resettled in their present location near a big town. Since the establishment of the new village, people with different religious customs, not only Lao, but other Mon-Khmer people from groups such as Alak and Talieng, have moved into the village. Younger generations of Ngae villagers have been influenced by Lao culture and are becoming less attached to the Ngae traditional customs. In this multi-cultural setting, maintaining the village's annual festival as one based simply on Ngae tradition has become difficult. In some respects, this festival has come to substitute for the Lao New Year festival pi:may. In addition, when the village elders and leaders mobilize the village to participate in the festival, they adopt the Lao word sa:makki. This term, meaning solidarity, was originally used by the government of the Lao PDR in the propagation of its socialist policies. Through the examination of these various aspects, this article discusses the complexities of traditional ritual and authority among minority groups living in multi-ethnic environments.

著者

吉川 和希

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 = Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.3-30, 2019-07-31

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During the eighteenth century, large numbers of Chinese laborers came to work in mines in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam. However, few investigations have been conducted on the responses of native chieftains or the local population to the social fluctuations in this area. Therefore, this article focuses on the survival strategies of native chieftains in the Lang Son region. Investigation of correspondence between the Lê-Trinh government and native chieftains in the Lang Son region reveals that under this government's control, native chieftains were tasked with collecting taxes and drafting soldiers in each commune. They were permitted to receive a portion of these tax revenues as salary and collect various fees via taxation, causing them to perceive these roles as their own vested rights. Meanwhile, during the mid-eighteenth century, the Lang Son region was involved in extensive disturbances that destabilized the native chieftains' political and economic bases. Given this background, the Lê-Trinh government frequently sanctioned the aforementioned rights of native chieftains by issuing official documentation, while the chieftains themselves also requested the government to issue official documents confirming their rights. In fact, they possessed these documents until the colonial era or transcribed them in their genealogies, demonstrating that they recognized them as certifications of their vested rights. Thus, during the eighteenth century, developing relations with the Lê-Trinh government was a survival strategy for native chieftains in the Lang Son region.

著者

西島 薫

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.109-135, 2020

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<p>The Bosi Koling Tongkat Raya'at, a sacred heirloom of the Ulu Ai', a Dayak king in western Kalimantan, plays an essential role in shaping an indigenous polity. Previous studies on kingship in Southeast Asia tend to explain the institutional structures of kingships by identifying them with structures of kinship groups. However, many indigenous polities of Southeast Asia, including the Ulu Ai', track their origins back to incestuous marriages of mythical primordial siblings, which clearly contradicts kinship norms. This paper examines the two predominant variations of the origin myths, both indicating that the office of the Ulu Ai' cannot be understood in relation to kinship groups. Second, this paper shows that the polity of the Ulu Ai' consists of face-to-face networks connecting the sacred heirloom and the people worshipping its paramount sacredness. This polity becomes tangible only when worshippers congregate at the house of the Ulu Ai' for the heirloom purification ritual. This paper concludes that the polity of the Ulu Ai' consists not of kinship groups but rather of dormant networks of the heirloom, Ulu Ai', and the worshippers, which take the form of active polity only when the king conducts the ritual.</p>

著者

前田 成文

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.81-82, 1963-11-01 (Released:2019-07-09)

著者

中西 嘉宏

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.240-246, 2019

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伊野憲治『ミャンマー民主化運動 --学生たちの苦悩, アウンサンスーチーの理想, 民のこころ』(めこん, 2018, 442p.)

著者

林 行夫

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.349-370, 1985-12-31 (Released:2018-02-28)

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In the ritual complex of Don Daeng village, the funeral rites accompanying normal death are the most complicated of merit-making (tham bun) ceremonies, involving four stages of ritual: (1) rites held while the body is kept at home, (2) cremation rites, (3) collection of bones, (4) collective rites for transferring merit to the dead. Although these rites are household-centered, close kin and many other villagers collectively participate with material donations and cooperation. For the relatives of the dead, the hosts of the funeral rites, the main object is to make a lot of merit and transfer it to the deceased in order to ensure a good rebirth. They fulfill a moral obligation to the dead, because villagers believe that the average person cannot accumulate enough merit during life to ensure a good rebirth.  Many other villagers participate in funeral rites, by helping the deceased's relatives, in order to make merit for themselves. By their definition, every participant in a merit-making ceremony gains a share of the merit. They help the host of the funeral rites in various ways, especially in the ‘feast’ held at the house of the dead. In this situation they gain merit through the host of the rites, who donates material and monetary gifts to the monks of the temple. The transferring of merit to the deceased by relatives and the sharing of merit among other villagers are interwoven in these rites, and this leads to the social circulation of merit.

著者

伊賀 司

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.279-282, 2017