著者

小林 ゆう治

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

数理解析研究所講究録 (ISSN:18802818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1366, pp.111-120, 2004-04

著者

猪川 三郎 後藤 良造

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

木材研究 : 京都大學木材研究所報告 (ISSN:00497916)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.50-57, 1955-09

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

猪川 三郎 後藤 良造

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

木材研究 : 京都大學木材研究所報告 (ISSN:00497916)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.50-55, 1957-02

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

武内 義範

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

京都大學文學部研究紀要 (ISSN:04529774)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.153-181, 1956-11-20

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。Between 1920 and 1930 the study of paticca-samuppada of early Buddhism was carried on in Japan with successful results by two leading scholars, Dr, Hakujyu Ui and Dr. Tetsuro Watsuji. They gave an entirely new interpretation to it, which has since been acknowledged as being standard. The gist of their interpretation is as follows : Paticca-samuppada theory is by no means intended to find out the physical cause of our human misery, and to explain away objectively how it happened that we are all destined to suffer such fullness of misery, as the Abhidhamma-school had asserted. On the contrary the relation between angas in paticca-samuppada must be considered as quite logical: the pur pose of this theory is to ascertain how and under what condition it is possible that we suffer such fullness of misery. It successively traces the conditioned to its condition till it reaches the final one (i.e. avijja), the destruction of which leads us to conditioning in the reverse order leading to the first term (jara-marana)-to emancipation from our present misery. The present author is convinced that the series of these conditions (12 angas) must be understood as that of existential categories, and that the relation between these categories (angas) can be satisfactorily explained by means of the idea of " existential temporality". Thus the relation between angas in paticca-samuppada is neiher that of cause and effect in the objective, and at the same time mythological, time scheme of the Abhidhamma-school, nor is it the logical, and therefore timeless, one of the conditioned and condition which is the order in mere subjectivity, as the epistemological tendency of recent Japanese interpreters suggests. Paticca-samuppada is the logic of conversion, or of the awakening to Absolute Truth. Therefore it contains the temporality of " geschehen " of the religious existence. From the existentialist point of view, such an interdependent relation between vinnana and nama-rupa as expressed by paticca-samuppada with nine or ten angas furnishes a key to the explanation of the whole paticca-samup- pada theory. This interdependence between vinnana and nama-rupa is the basic nexus from which all subject-object relationships in ordinary experiences come out, and its dynamic structure reveals also the inner working of our heart, through which our conversion from ignorance (avijja) to enlightenment (vijja) becomes possible.

著者

伊吹山 知義

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

数理解析研究所講究録 (ISSN:18802818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1398, pp.137-148, 2004-10

著者

辻 由希

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

特別研究員奨励費

巻号頁・発行日

2009

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本研究の目的は、1990年代以降の日本の政治経済改革の文脈の中で政治課題となったケアや家族関連の政策形成過程における議論と、その文脈において注目を浴びた女性の代表/表象実践を、ジェンダーの視点から分析することである。2010年度は、児童虐待防止法の制定および改正過程、ドメスティック・バイオレンス防止法の制定および改正過程、および教育基本法の改正過程に関する資料を収集した。本研究では、これらの資料を言説政治という観点から分析することを通じて、政策過程における対立軸を明らかにし、その中で政治アクターによって提示された家族像を析出することを試みた。本研究の結果、1990年代以降の日本政治の展開に関して以下のような特徴がみられることが分かった。第一に、1990年代以降の日本政治の主要争点の一つとして、ジェンダー平等が存在する。90年代以降の日本では、男女の性別役割分業の改革や「男らしさ」「女らしさ」といったジェンダー規範の変容が政治的課題となり、それらの争点をめぐる政治的対立、すなわち「ジェンダー政治」が展開されてきた。第二に、ケアや家族にかかわる政策過程の横断的分析の結果、いくつかの異なる「家族」像が提示されていることが明らかになった。本研究ではそれを、家族責任の軽減・拡大と性別役割分業の維持・改革という二つの軸に沿って四つに分類し、日本のジェンダー政治における対立軸を明らかにした。第三に、以上のような政治的対立の中で、女性の政治的代表の代表/表象戦略は変容をみせている。女性の衆議院選挙候補者は、1990年代後半には男女共同参画社会の実現という政治課題と結び付けて女性の政治社会参加の必要性を強調する戦略をとることが多かったが、2000年代に入り、「子ども」や少子化対策に重点を置くことが増えてきている。

著者

木下 昌巳

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

古代哲学研究室紀要 : hypothesis : the proceedings of the Department of Ancient Philosophy at Kyoto University (ISSN:0918161X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.1-15, 1996-10-31

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

小川 伸彦

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.31-48, 1994-03-31

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In his last work, Les Formes Elementaires de la Vie Religieuse (1912), Durkheim wrote in an often neglected footnote that "today society treats criminals in a different fashion than subjects whose intelligence only is abnormal; that is a proof that the authority attached to logical norms and that inherent in moral norms are not of the same nature, in spite of certain similarities. [...] It would be interesting to make a study on the nature and origin of this difference [...]". This article tries to clarify, through the following procedure, the significance of this 'moral-logical' distinction by drawing upon his theory of ritual. After showing how consistently this moral-logical dyad was held in his conception of both society and human nature, we re-define this dyad to correspond respectively to action-representation dyad. Then, in the main part of this article, Durkheim's account of some ritual types (ie. sacrificial, representational and mimetic) will be analyzed to show that effervescent ritual action and its moral success will inevitably mobilize two systems of representations, which contribute to the construction of the reality of societe; one "totemic" (that which is directly needed to be able to pursue the prescribed ritual action) and the other "categorical" (that which lies on the context level). Finally, the possibility of the extension of this theory will be examined and it will be proposed how we can use Durkheim's theory of ritual as a sociological perspective into social life in general and symbolic aspects of group identity in particular.

著者

大山 小夜

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.195-214, 1997-12-25

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This article deals with one of the major social problems in Japan which sociologists have both individually and systematically paid little attention to : the increase of multiple-debtors, those who borrow money from various kinds of lenders. This article aims to provide a broader contextual picture behind this social problem, from which further empirical investigation can be carried out. I have collected and analyzed the available statistical data from three main sources : creditors, borrowers, and court records. In my conclusion, I suggest that we specify the conditions and processes of the problematic situation. Firstly, I examine the development of the consumer credit market, based on the data from the annual report "Consumer Credit Statistics of Japan", edited by the Japan Consumer Credit Industry Association. Consumer credit institutions have succeeded in granting large sums of credit, particularly since the oil crisis of the mid-1970's, focusing on high-interest consumer finance. As a result, outstanding credit has grown into a large burden of debt on consumers. Secondly, I make a chronological and cross-sectional analysis of borrowers by using the Annual Report on National Accounts and the Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey, both published by the Japanese Government. The use of credit has spread rapidly throughout national households, in contrast to the decrease in disposable income and savings. A large propotion of many peoples' income is now used to pay off debt, such as housing loans, loan repayment installments, revolving and lump sum credit, consumer finance and so on. Thirdly, I clarify the recent growth of consumer bankruptcy, referring to the public records from the Annual Report of Judicial Statistics, issued by the Japanese Supreme Court. Using this data, this article shows various trends over the course of the last five decades. It demonstrates for the initial period that the total number of bankruptcy petitions did not pass ten thousand before the early 1980's. By contrast, although a slight decrease can be observed in the data for the mid and late 1980's, the data for the 1990's portrays a steady rise, peaking with the figure for 1996,when more than fifty thousand petitions were filed. Finally, after contextualizing the increase of these multiple-debtors into the three trends as stated above on a macro-quantitative level, I conclude that the research in this area needs to move away from the simple explanation of this social problem in terms of individual skills as regards money management, and move onto the specification of the conditions and processes under which people get into trouble with debt, as well as how the system of credit has developed during the postwar period.

著者

ライカイ ジョンボル

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.189-200, 2002-12-25

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Due to industrialization the values and norms of traditional families, regardless of cultures and societies, underwent sweeping changes bringing about new features of the family. These changes are generally called the modernization of the family. Numerous family researchers have made enormous efforts to describe the characteristic features of the modern family, efforts which have not been as simple as they may seem to be. These features have been examined from various aspects such as family structure (type and size), relationships between family members (internal aspects), as well as connections between family and society (external aspects). So far these features have mainly been studied separately, paying little attention to possible relations between them. However, according to a survey of thirty people, carried out by the author in 2001 in Kyoto city, such relations are possible. Though the original aim of the survey was not to explore possible relations, it was found that there is a reversed relationship between nuclearization of the family and growing `parental love' towards children in the ideal family pattern. That is to say, while the interviewees mainly prefered the two-generation nuclear family type .for their own happiness, they chose the -three-generation family type as an ideal model for socialization of their children. There is a contradiction here. If one admits both nuclearization and growing `parental love' towards children undergoing simultanously as features of the modern family, then it is surprising to see such a reversed relationship between them in the ideal family pattern. If the nuclear family type is a generally accepted ideal form, then it should refer to each of the family members. However, the interviewees regard it .as an ideal merely for their own happiness, but not for the socialization of their children. Though there is no full explanation for this phenomenon yet, it must .be taken into account that.the present survey was carried out in 2001, a time when the modern Japanese family had already been swinging since the late 1970's~ slowly entering a post-modern period. Thus, one should reconsider the (possibly -changing) meaning of `parental love' in a changing society, while examining if the result of this survey merely refers to the Kyoto area, or if it is a much more general phenomenon.

著者

十河 宏行

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2003

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人間の視覚において、眼球運動によって網膜像が変化しても安定した空間が知覚されることを「位置の恒常性」と呼ぶ。位置の恒常性を実現するためには、外眼筋の固有受容感覚や運動指令の遠心性コピーなどに基づいた眼球位置情報と、網膜からの視覚情報を適切に統合する必要がある。我々の日常生活において、位置の恒常性のメカニズムは正しく機能しているように感じられる。しかし、実際にはサッカードと呼ばれる随意的な眼球運動時に瞬間提示された物体が実際に提示された位置と異なる位置に知覚されるという錯視が起こることが知られている。では、人間の位置の恒常性のメカニズムが実際にはどのようなものであり、なぜ日常生活においてそのメカニズムが正しく機能するのだろうか。これらの疑問に関して、本研究ではサッカード実行直前に瞬間提示された図形がどのような形に知覚されるかを心理実験によって詳細に検証した。それらの実験の結果、「サッカード実行直前に瞬間提示された図形の形状知覚はサッカードに伴う位置の錯視の影響を受けない」という先行研究の結果がKanizsaの主観的輪郭図形の知覚については当てはまらないことが明らかになった。この結果より、サッカードに伴う位置の錯視はKanizsaの主観的輪郭図形の知覚に時間的に先行することが示唆された。また、Kanizsaの主観的輪郭図形の知覚を含む高次の形状知覚処理過程は、網膜からの視覚情報をそのまま利用しているのではなく、眼球運動情報と統合された後の視覚情報を用いていることが示唆された。

著者

矢田部 達郎

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

京都大學文學部研究紀要 (ISSN:04529774)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.71-167, 1954-03-30

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第一部「綜括的自己診断検査の作製」においてはKiblerの自己診断表から出発し,数次のGP分析を経て,50項目からなる性格診断検査を作製した。これを矢田部Kibler向性検査と名づける。この検査の特徴は各項目が殆んど完全な内的整合性を有し,従つて安心して綜合得点を算出しうるところにある。第二部「特性別自己診断検査の作製」においてはGuilford-MartinのInventoryから出発し,数次のGP分析を経て,各尺度が殆んど完全な内的整合性を有する二つのInventoryを構成した。一つは16特性を各25問の尺度項目によつて測定するものであるが,項目間に重複のあるもので,これを矢田部Guilford性格検査第一型式と名づける。二つは13特性を各12問の尺度項目によつで測定するのであるが,項目間に重複のないもので,これを同じくその第二型式と名づけることにした。第三部「矢田部Guilford性格検査の因子分析的研究」においては,上述の第二型式を200名の京大生に施行した結果から,その因子構造を分析した。一次因子は8個抽出されたが,それらはThurstoneの因子と極めて近親的であつた。ただしかれのImpulsiveに相当するものは明瞭でなく,その社交性は二つに分離された。S^1(D^1).社会的内向性E^1(E^1).情緒安定性M^1(V^1).男子性A^1(A^1).活動性T^1(R^1).思索性F^1(S_1^1).社交性第一(Frustratedness)?(S_2^1).社交性第二(Aggressiveness)(X_1^1)(I^1)この因子の獨立性は疑わしい第二次因子は4個抽出された。A^2.情緒安定性B^2.現実性C^2活動性D^2.社交性これらはBaehrの二次因子A^2,B^2,C^2に対応するが,D^2はBaehrには対応者なく,むしろThurstoneの一次因子社交性に近い。第二次因子間の相関はすべて完全相関を示した。その意味は未だ明らかでない。

著者

福水 健次

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

数理解析研究所講究録 (ISSN:18802818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1618, pp.41-63, 2008-12

著者

江副 日出夫 巌佐 庸

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

数理解析研究所講究録 (ISSN:18802818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.828, pp.91-102, 1993-04

著者

石田 正典

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

数理解析研究所講究録 (ISSN:18802818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.857, pp.113-122, 1994-01

著者

Toru SAGAWA

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

African study monographs (ISSN:02851601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.pp. 63-86, 2006

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Since the 1980s, many researchers have reconsidered and criticized the representation of pastoral societies in East Africa as patriarchal. But they often failed to question the Western biased analytical framework, that is, the public-political-men/ private-domestic-women dichotomy. In this paper, I focus on the space of coffee drinking in the house, one of the most daily and communal spaces among the Daasanetch of southwestern Ethiopia to examine the applicability of this dichotomy. The handling of coffee is under the wife's discretion, and only she can brew and allocate it, so that the space of coffee drinking fundamentally depends on her work. This space has a political importance such as to entertain guests, to bless the society with peace and affluence, and to conduct many rites de passage. This space is for the gathering and discussion by people of all social categories on private to public topics. The wife always participates in the activities of this space not only as a laborer but as an active participant in the processes of rituals and discussions. Distinctions of public/private domains and political/domestic activities are almost meaningless in the Daasanetch space of coffee drinking. While a wife brews and allocates coffee as a domestic worker in her private house, she participates in the political discussion to settle public issues. The space is both private and public, and the wife is domestic and political simultaneously.

著者

ライカイ ジョンボル

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.119-133, 2003-12-25

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This paper mainly throws light on a phenomenon that might have escaped family researchers' attention. Th.e pattern of "the husband works outside, the wife stays at home" is pointed out. to be a feature of the modern family as a result of industrialization. However, according to the results of my survey in 2001 in Kyoto city, informants consider this pattern to be a traditional division of role between the spouses, which creates a contradiction between the position of family sociology and common people's image about the pre-industrial times. Therefore, to find the reasons for what causes the "traditionalization" of the modern family in common peoples' image becomes an important issue for family sociology. From the interviews, I pointed out three phenomena as possible reasons. Firstly, one can explain it as a reaction to the increasing number of "career woman" (working woman) since the 1980's. Women who do not stay at home, but work like men, may create a new form against "the husband works outside, the wife stays at home" pattern with the result that the latter becomes "traditional". But findings show that it may not be the only reason. From the interviews, it turns out that the informants confuse two different types of divisions of role in their mind that might be a further reason for "traditionalizing". One type refers to the division of the housework, while the other one refers to the question of who is the breadwinner in the family. The former one has not gone through radical change since the pre-industrial times, while the latter one has. In pre-industrial Japan, women used to work in the fields, shops or workshops helping their .h-usbands, besides doing the housework. Due to industrialization, women do not work with their husband together any more, but they stay at home, running housework issues mainly. The informants in my survey unconsciously focus on the fact that the housework has always been the job of the women, therefore they consider the pattern of "the husband works outside, the wife stays at home" traditional - which actually refers to the question of who is the breadwinner. From the interviews, one can see a third reason too. Although peasants, craftsmen and merchants constituted the vast majority of the Japanese society in the past, the informants in my survey focus on the warriors' small stratum, while talking about the past. In the warriors' families, wives did not work with,,their husbands the way wives in other families did. By focusing on the warriors' stratum instead of that of the peasants etc., the informants regard it as a traditional pattern. This kind of "traditionalization" can be named 'spontaneous traditionalization', which does not belong to any categories of Hobsbawm's typology, which mainly focuses on intentionally invented traditions. Therefore, I consider that "spontaneous traditionalization" could be added to Hobsbawm's typology as a further category.

著者

坂本 亘 上野 正博

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

一般研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

1988

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魚類の遊泳行動に見られる日周活動リズムの持つ役割を、魚群形成過程の面から検討した。カタクチイワシは活動機能が低下すると浮上し、機能が活発になると沈降し深い層に移動する。この傾向は比較的初期の仔魚期からあらわれることを確かめた。さらにこの浮上・沈降の日周性と流れの鉛直シア-とを組み合せると種ごとに移動して行く方向に差が生じ、次第に魚種ごとの群となって行くことを確かめるため、海洋において実験を行なった。鉛直シア-、つまり表層から次第に深い層に行くにつれ流向が変る傾向は若狭湾西部において明確にあらわれていることを確かめた。特に表層と10mとで比較すると、表層では沖合へ、10m層ではそれと全く逆の湾奥方向へ流れていることを実測により見出した。また、この流れの測定と同時に表層と10m層のカタクチイワシ仔魚の分布密度を比較したところ、表層に分布する仔魚は流れの収束・発散の影響を受けて、集中分布をする傾向が強いことがわかった。仔魚は微細なため、長時間連続的に遊泳行動を記録するための特殊な自動記録装置を開発した。これは発光ダイオ-ドと光トランジスタを230個組合せて作られており、仔魚が発光部を通過すると、その位置・時刻が自動的にマイクロコンピュ-タの中に記録として取り込まれるようになっている。測器の開発及びプログラムに1年半を要したために、カタクチイワシの仔魚発生時期(6月から8月)の研究の間に合わなかったが、カワムツを用いた実験では日周活動リズムを記録することに成功した。これらのカタクチイワシによる日周活動リズムの解析と並行して、実際に海洋を回遊しているアカウミガメの日周活動リズムの解析にも成功し、この活動リズムが大規模な回遊をする際の定位と深いかかわりのあることを確かめた。この部分はすでに学会誌に報告した。

著者

川崎 英文

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

数理解析研究所講究録 (ISSN:18802818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1187, pp.58-65, 2001-01

著者

青木 俊樹 山田 茂

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

数理解析研究所講究録 (ISSN:18802818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1636, pp.251-258, 2009-04