著者

向井 智哉 藤野 京子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.83-93, 2021-11-30 (Released:2022-02-28)

参考文献数

34

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This study aimed to investigate how images regarding criminal law are structured in the public's consciousness, and how these images relate to attitudes toward criminal justice. Using items prepared in the pilot study, criminal law images were measured and regressed using the attitudes toward criminal justice scale. Results from 333 individuals showed that the images pertained to five factors - liberty and rights, norms and morals, body and safety, function of systems, and privileges of a few people, and there were relationships between: 1) the support for harsher punishment and liberty and rights, norms and morals, and body and safety; 2) the support for criminalization and norms and morals; 3) the support for enhanced rehabilitation and liberty and rights; and 4) the support for medicalization and norms and morals as well as body and safety. These results suggest that the public's image of criminal law has an effect on their attitude toward criminal justice, and thus, must be taken into consideration when a criminal policy is enacted.

著者

大谷 亮

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.94-105, 2021-11-30 (Released:2022-02-28)

参考文献数

27

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Children's refusal to hold hands (RHH) with their parents while walking may increase the risk of road accidents. We examined the relationship between children's RHH and factors, such as parental tendency of attachment and caregiving, and gender and age of them and their children. A total of 663 parents completed a questionnaire about their children's RHH in two dangerous and two safe situations, assuming they were walking with their youngest children aged between 3 to 10 years. Parents were also instructed to answer the attachment-caregiving balance scale. The gender and age of both parents and their children were recorded. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the parental tendency of attachment was associated with their children's RHH in both dangerous and safe walking situations. In addition, children's RHH in a safe walking situation was influenced by the parental risk perception. The findings suggest that proper parents' tendency of attachment and caregiving were important for reducing pedestrian-vehicle accidents involving children and promoting their independence.

著者

小林 諒子 堀内 聡

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.128-129, 2021-11-30 (Released:2022-02-28)

参考文献数

7

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This study investigated the associations between individual differences in tears and personality in a situation that moves and saddens one. Each participant viewed a moving picture that was approximately 5.5 minutes long and scored their feelings and appearance of tears during the clip. They also completed a questionnaire on big five personality types. Stronger feelings of being moved and sadness were induced when compared with other feelings when viewing. A regression analysis with the five personality traits and gender as independent variables and appearance of tears as the dependent variable indicated that increased openness was associated with more intense crying.

著者

矢羽々 紗枝 堀内 聡 片岡 祥

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.130-131, 2021-11-30 (Released:2022-02-28)

参考文献数

5

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This study investigated the negative emotional reactions to a "left on read" situation in various attachment styles. Two-hundred-seventy-nine Japanese high school students received a questionnaire designed to measure their attachment style. Participants read the scenario of not receiving a reply to a LINE message they sent to a close friend inviting them to play. Their negative emotions were scored, and data from 155 students were analyzed. Compared to students with a secure attachment style, those with a preoccupied style showed stronger feelings of fear and sad-ness. Scores of anger, disgust, energetic arousal, and tension arousal did not differ in attachment style.

著者

福市 彩乃 菅村 玄二

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.286-287, 2020-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

11

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We investigated the differences between images of Seiza and normal upright sitting. Seventy-nine undergraduates were showed photographic stimuli of these two types of sitting posture in a counter-balanced order. They rated impression of each posture by a 16-item semantic differential scale. The results of t-test for 73 participants showed that Seiza was perceived to be more submissive, unusual, ceremonious, and gloomy relative to normal upright sitting posture (ps<.001). The results were discussed in terms of Japanese cultures and evolutionary perspectives.

著者

望月 由紀子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.288-289, 2020-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

8

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We conducted solution-focused assertiveness training with the communication goal of the trainee as the goal of the training. When the effect was examined from the GCR in the picture-frustration study, the Ego Defense GCR decreased after training. This suggests that the solution-focused assertive training may cause a variety of trainee responses.

著者

軽部 幸浩

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.290-291, 2020-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

3

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The present study aimed to examine the crime's image for SCIT questions. Subjects were 145 (male:45, female:100) students of the university. We conducted a collective survey. The results showed that many robbery cases were imagined such as knives, cash, mask and at night. In the robbery cases on the street of a residential area were imagined motorcycles, bags, men, snatch theft and at night. The image of a gun was considered to be influenced by TV dramas and movies. It is necessary to collect and scrutinize more data based on these results.

著者

鈴木 康之郎 能渡 真澄 田中 圭 沢宮 容子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.12-24, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-10-31)

参考文献数

41

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In this study, the relationship among interpersonal problems, the discrepancy between expectation and fulfillment of the role behaviors from a significant other, and mental states was examined. In Study 1, we conducted a multiple regression analysis and investigated the relationship between interpersonal problems and mental states including depression, social interaction anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation. The results indicated that five subscales of interpersonal problems, namely, vindictive, cold, socially avoidant, nonassertive, and intrusive were related to mental states. In Study 2, we focused on the discrepancy between expectation and fulfillment of the role behaviors from a significant other. In order to investigate the relationship among the discrepancy between expectation and fulfillment, interpersonal problems, and mental states, we conducted a covariance structural analysis. The results revealed that the discrepancy between expectation and fulfillment were related to mental states indirectly through interpersonal problems. Specifically, the discrepancy between expectation and fulfillment about supportive behaviors was related to mental states indirectly through interpersonal problems.

著者

福島 朋子 沼山 博

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.25-36, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-10-31)

参考文献数

38

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between generative acts, generative concern, and well-being in middle-aged married people with no children, from the perspective of gender and employment type. An online survey was conducted with 196 males and 461 females from 45 to 60 years of age. Structural equation modeling indicated that generative acts predicted higher levels of generative concern and in turn, generative concern predicted higher levels of well-being regardless of gender and employment type. At the same time, it was also suggested that the pattern of these associations varied according employment type in females: while psychological well-being, such as "purpose in life" and "personal growth", correlated with generative concern regardless of employment type, subjective well-being correlated with generative concern in full-time and part-time workers. Moreover, "interaction with the subsequent generation" correlated with generative concern regardless of employment type, whereas "generative acts outside work" in full-time workers and "generative acts at work" in part-time workers correlated with generative concern, respectively.

著者

伴 碧 内山 伊知郎

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.37-46, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-10-31)

参考文献数

45

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Pretend play is essential for young children's development. When young children are presented with pretense signals by adults, they are able to understand the pretense underlying the situation and can distinguish pretense from reality. Previous studies have discussed multiple pretense signals such as smiles and utterances but have not examined whether a single pretense signal promotes children's understanding of pretense. Therefore, the present study investigated whether a single pretend signal is effective in helping children understand pretend play by manipulating three types of pretense signals: smiling, utterance, and smiling plus utterance. Thirty children (ages 2.5 to 3 years) were exposed to two experimental situations: pretending to eat and actually eating food. The results showed that the pretend signals of smiling and smiling plus utterance were ineffective in promoting pretense because they can be used in an actual eating scenario. On the other hand, we demonstrated that even a single pretend signal of utterance effectively promoted young children's understanding of pretenses.

著者

蘇 心寧 兵藤 宗吉

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.50-51, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-10-31)

参考文献数

10

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It has been suggested that memory inhibition underlying retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) plays a key role in preventing the retrieval of negative autobiographical memories. In present study, we focused on individual differences in RIF and in autobiographical memory performance. A negative correlation was found between RIF and the number of negative events recalled, while a positive correlation was found between RIF and the emotional valence of autobiographical memory. These results indicate that those with the high RIF effect forget negative memory and recall more positive memory. Based on these findings, it suggests that memory inhibition plays a crucial role in emotion regulation.

著者

竹田 駿介

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.207-215, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

29

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There is the problem on the self-value for the approval to the human, and there is the indication on the difficulty of the interpersonal relation in the adolescence. In this study, it was made that how the aspect of the self-changed in the interpersonal relation was examined to be a purpose. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five university students, and the results were analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach. 14 concepts, 4 subcategories, and 4 major categories were generated. The major categories generated are «Difficulties from a growth history», «an attitude toward the outside world», «painful self-understanding», and «Acceptance and search for new ways». The negative image precedes in the interpersonal relation from the growth history, and the internal attitude is produced, and it becomes negative. On the other hand, it was suggested that acceptance of negative aspects in the relationship leads to a realistic compromise instead of trying to avoid harm.

著者

青戸 泰子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.216-223, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

11

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The purpose of the present study was to develop a social self-image scale (junior high school student version) and examine its reliability and validity. As a result, three pronounced factors have been extracted: 'a social life sense of fulfillment', 'a feeling of self-affirmation' and 'initiatives to address issues'. To examine reliability, both Cronbach's coefficient alpha and test-retest method were applied. This scale was also significantly correlated with social self-efficacy. Thus, the new scale was shown to have good reliability and validity.

著者

古澤 伸晃 新里 知佳野 八木沢 誠 軽部 幸浩 藤田 主一

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.234-246, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

32

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In our study, we examined the psychological structure of junior high-school students participating in compulsory martial arts, focusing on their image of Kendo. Subjects of the survey included 389 students (156 boys, 233 girls, and average age 13.7 ± 0.8 years) enrolled in public junior high-schools in Chiba prefecture. In the 10 sections of the survey form, beginning with the phrase "What is Kendo," we asked the subjects to complete the sentences with what came to their mind. We further requested them to choose one sentence that had the strongest image of Kendo. Subsequently, text mining was performed on all the sentences we obtained, and the extracted words and phrases were factor-analyzed.Consequently, it became clear that the image of Kendo differs depending on whether the subjects had experience in Kendo lessons. Factors such as "Budo, Kiai, and Yuko-datotsu" were recognized by those with Kendo experience, while factors such as "Culture, Reigi (etiquette), and Budo" were recognized by those without Kendo experience. The factor of "Budo" was common for both sets of students with regard to their image of Kendo.

著者

塚本 伸一

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.247-256, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

45

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The relationship between perceived social support, mother's attachment styles, and child-rearing related stress were investigated. Participants were mothers of kindergarteners (N =137). They completed the Adult Attachment the Scale, the Social Support Scale, and the Child-Rearing Related Stress Scale. The results of a path analysis indicated the following. (1) 'Secure' attachment had a positive effect on perceived social support. (2) 'Avoidant' attachment had an adverse effect on perceived social support. (3) Perceived social support had adverse effects on two child-rearing related stress factors. (4) 'Anxious/ambivalent' attachment had no effect on perceived social support but had direct positive effects on two child-rearing related stress factors. The implications of these results for the discussion on intergenerational transmission of attachment styles between children and mothers are discussed.

著者

野栗 立成 川田 裕次郎 山口 慎史 広沢 正孝 柴田 展人

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.257-263, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

19

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Yips is a long-term movement disorder consisting of fitful involuntary movements that occur in elaborate-skill-demanded motor behavior. Japanese baseball players have physical symptoms (i.e., sense of wrist being locked) and psychological symptoms (i.e., negative thinking) due to the onset of yips. Although, clinical psychological approaches with the goal of declining yips symptoms, improvement methods that can be easily carried out by on-site coaches and teammates have not been clarified. In order to establish easy-carrying improvement methods, the actual condition of yips player's surroundings should be clarified, but in fact, how yips players are supported by coaches and teammates also not yet been clarified. Thus, the purpose of this study was clarifying the actual supports that yips baseball player received from their teammates using qualitive study method. Result showed that teammates of yips baseball players do "Technical guidance," "Acceptance for yips symptoms," "Introduction of professional," "Proposal of practice menu," "Support for acceptance of yips symptoms." These supports correspond the concepts of social support.

著者

生田目 光 鈴木 公啓 沢宮 容子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.264-270, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

24

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The present study aimed to investigate 1) the basic survey on body image among early adolescence girls in Japan, 2) the relationships between the body appreciation, cognition, and behavior among early adolescence Japanese girls. A total of 214 early adolescence girls participated the web-based survey. Results showed that (a) 55.7% girls recognized themselves as overweight even though their actual weight was normal, and 17.4% girls recognized themselves as overweight even though their actual weight was underweight, (b) 71.5% girls are on a diet, (c) early adolescence Japanese girls tend to idealize underweight, and there was large gap between ideal BMI and actual BMI. Additionally, results showed that a significant correlation between body appreciation and body recognition. On the other hand, the correlation between body appreciation and diet behavior was not significant. The present study revealed severity of early adolescence Japanese girls body image disturbance and internalization of thin ideal, and also the relationship between body appreciation, body recognition and diet behavior.

著者

西村 洋一

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.121-129, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

29

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This study aimed to examine the Third Person Effect (TPE) on the influence of Internet use, including comparison to the influence of television (TV) viewing. A web survey was conducted among individuals ranging in age from their late teens to their sixties. The questionnaire included estimates about the extent to which the use of both media influenced the participants themselves, or junior high school and elementary school students with regard to various viewpoints. Factor analysis of media influence separated the effects into four factors. Participants estimated that Internet use was more influential for junior high school students than for themselves (Third Person Perception, TPP), and the TPP of the influence of Internet use was stronger than for that of TV viewing in three out of four influence factors. However, TPP was not involved in positive attitudes to regulate the contents of Internet and TV. These results suggest that TPP of Internet use certainly existed; however, how TPP is associated with regulation and censorship toward Internet requires further examination.

著者

堀内 正彦 永田 陽子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.130-138, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

27

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The purpose of this study was to show the cognitive structure that influences problem solving for difficult mathematical tasks for university students. Before and after reading an explanation about psychostatistics, we asked for answers to questions about psychostatistics and we then analyzed the responses. The results showed that although the learning task was reading an explanation, fragmented knowledge was activated and linked to each other. Furthermore, cognitive structures that affect task resolution include logical relationships and single knowledge, and both influence the accuracy of problem solving, but logical relationships have a particularly large effect.

著者

田中 圭 沢宮 容子

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.139-148, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

70

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of skills used in shallow relationships on behavioral activation. University students (n = 466) completed self-report measures including Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale, Skills Used in Shallow Relationships Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Social Anxiety Scale. Structural equation modeling indicated that 'pleasure feigning skill' can decrease depression and social anxiety through activation. Moreover, it was shown that 'conflict avoidance skill' can decrease depression and social anxiety through activation and avoidance. Conversely, it was shown that 'superficial agreement skill' can increase depression and social anxiety through activation. These results suggest that 'pleasure feigning skill' and 'conflict avoidance skill' promote the activation of goal-directed activities. Results are discussed in terms of the potential of skills used in shallow relationships to contribute to behavioral activation, along with issues for future research.