著者
金山 英莉花 内山 伊知郎
出版者
日本応用心理学会
雑誌
応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1, pp.34-40, 2023-07-31 (Released:2023-10-31)
参考文献数
29

This study investigated the relationship between singing ability and spatial ability in preschoolers between the ages of 4 and 6 years old. The purpose was to examine cognitive ability associated with singing ability, in considering how to support singing in the field of early childhood education. We measured verbal ability and age as a control variable. Singing ability was measured using the "AIRS Test Battery of Singing Skills (ATBSS) for Children-Revised" (Ogura & Adachi, 2018). Spatial ability and verbal ability were measured using the WPPSI-III Block Design and Vocabulary. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that preschoolers with higher spatial ability had higher singing ability. No association between singing ability against verbal ability and age was identified. We concluded that the relationship of spatial and singing abilities was confirmed because both abilities were associated with perception and motor integration. Future intervention studies should be conducted in early childhood education settings.
著者
伏島 あゆみ 内山 伊知郎 原井 宏明 大矢 幸弘 漆原 宏次 坂上 貴之 村井 佳比子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第85回大会 (ISSN:24337609)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.SS-001, 2021 (Released:2022-03-30)

古典的条件づけの発見が学習理論と行動療法に与えた影響の大きさは繰り返すまでもない。一方,古典に過ぎず,その影響は認知心理学などの新たな発見に置き換えられたと思っている人がいるかもしれない。そうではない。不安や強迫,アレルギーのようにありふれた病気の治療においても条件づけの概念は新しい示唆を与えてくれている。このシンポジウムではアレルギー疾患の専門家,不安や強迫の専門家,学習理論の専門家を招き,行動科学学会のミッションである基礎と臨床をつなぐことを目指す。アレルギーの予防や克服にはアレルゲンを回避するのではなく,早くからエクスポージャー(食べること)を通じて免疫寛容を誘導した方が良い(潜在制止)や,強迫に対するエクスポージャーと儀式妨害(ERP)において一般的な不安階層表に従った段階的な刺激ではなく,期待違反効果を狙った予想外の刺激を使う方が効果が高いことなどを示す。パブロフが残した影響は条件づけだけではない。ドグマに毒されず,事実だけを重視することを若手に説き続け,科学者をスターリンから守ろうとした。科学することはどういうことなのか? もこのシンポジウムの中で取り上げれれば幸いである。
著者
伴 碧 内山 伊知郎
出版者
日本応用心理学会
雑誌
応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.1, pp.37-46, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-10-31)
参考文献数
45

Pretend play is essential for young children's development. When young children are presented with pretense signals by adults, they are able to understand the pretense underlying the situation and can distinguish pretense from reality. Previous studies have discussed multiple pretense signals such as smiles and utterances but have not examined whether a single pretense signal promotes children's understanding of pretense. Therefore, the present study investigated whether a single pretend signal is effective in helping children understand pretend play by manipulating three types of pretense signals: smiling, utterance, and smiling plus utterance. Thirty children (ages 2.5 to 3 years) were exposed to two experimental situations: pretending to eat and actually eating food. The results showed that the pretend signals of smiling and smiling plus utterance were ineffective in promoting pretense because they can be used in an actual eating scenario. On the other hand, we demonstrated that even a single pretend signal of utterance effectively promoted young children's understanding of pretenses.
著者
木村 年晶 内山 伊知郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本健康心理学会
雑誌
健康心理学研究 (ISSN:09173323)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.1, pp.23-32, 2015

The relationship between emotional valence of social interactions and subjective happiness (SH) of elderly groups was investigated based on the convoy model in young adults (<i>n</i>=30), early-elderly (<i>n</i>=30), and late-elderly (<i>n</i>=29) groups. Results of a simple correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between mean closeness scores and SH Scale scores in young adults and a positive correlation between mean emotional valence and SH Scale scores in early-elderly and late-elderly people. Moreover, multiple regression analysis was conducted by adding variables: health status scale score, the rate of relatives living together, the number of interactions, the mean frequency of the interactions per month, the rate of the same sex, which indicated that the significant correlation coefficient between mean closeness scores and SH scale scores disappeared, and that the number of interactions predicted SH in the young adult group. Furthermore, SH in the early-elderly and late-elderly groups was predicted by the mean emotional valence score. Results of this study suggested that selecting interactions with others with positive emotions was necessary for SH in elderly people, which supported the socioemotional selectivity theory.
著者
伴 碧 内山 伊知郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.4, pp.333-339, 2015
被引用文献数
2

Our goal in this study was to examine whether controlled pretense signal presentation by an adult promoted pretend play behavior in toddlers. Seventy-two Japanese toddlers (24 toddlers in the 18-month-old group, 24 toddlers in the 24-month-old group, and 24 toddlers in the 30-month-old group) participated in one of two experimental conditions: signal and signal-less. In the signal condition, the experimenter presented children with pretend play behaviors (eating, drinking, pouring, and wiping) accompanied by a smile, speech including sound effects, and gazing. In the signal-less condition, the experimenter presented only pretend play behavior with a neutral facial expression without speech or gazing. For each child, we coded the number of pretend play behaviors and recorded the number of seconds the toddler engaged in the behavior. Results indicated that 18- and 24-month-old toddlers' pretend play behavior lasted longer in the signal condition than it did in the signal-less condition. However, the 30-month-old toddlers showed no difference in pretend play behaviors between the signal conditions. In sum, adults' pretense signals promoted pretend play behavior only in 18- and 24-month-olds, and not in 30-month-olds.
著者
伴 碧 内山 伊知郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.86.14309, (Released:2015-09-15)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
2

Our goal in this study was to examine whether controlled pretense signal presentation by an adult promoted pretend play behavior in toddlers. Seventy-two Japanese toddlers (24 toddlers in the 18-month-old group, 24 toddlers in the 24-month-old group, and 24 toddlers in the 30-month-old group) participated in one of two experimental conditions: signal and signal-less. In the signal condition, the experimenter presented children with pretend play behaviors (eating, drinking, pouring, and wiping) accompanied by a smile, speech including sound effects, and gazing. In the signal-less condition, the experimenter presented only pretend play behavior with a neutral facial expression without speech or gazing. For each child, we coded the number of pretend play behaviors and recorded the number of seconds the toddler engaged in the behavior. Results indicated that 18- and 24-month-old toddlers’ pretend play behavior lasted longer in the signal condition than it did in the signal-less condition. However, the 30-month-old toddlers showed no difference in pretend play behaviors between the signal conditions. In sum, adults’ pretense signals promoted pretend play behavior only in 18- and 24-month-olds, and not in 30-month-olds.
著者
内山 伊知郎 ジョセフ J. キャンポス
出版者
日本感情心理学会
雑誌
感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.2, pp.70-74, 2015-01-01 (Released:2015-04-11)
参考文献数
27

Although most researchers state that emotion is a very difficult concept to define, what is now being called a functionalist approach to emotion proposes that emotion is very easy to define. Emotion occurs whenever an event is encountered which is significant to the person. There is no exception to this rule. What makes an event significant is the RELATION between an event and one of four fundamental axioms: 1) how the event relates to a person's goals, 2) how an event links up with the hedonic state of the person, 3) how an event relates to the social reactions of another person, and 4) how an event relates to the prior experiences of an individual, such as in the attachment relationship. In this article, we intend to propose cogently some the basic principles of a functionalist approach, how it differs from the orthodox approach to emotion, how it is relevant to the contemporary interest in emotion regulation, and how it can be illustrated in experiments in infancy.
著者
内山 伊知郎 ジョセフ J. キャンポス
出版者
日本感情心理学会
雑誌
感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.2, pp.70-74, 2015

Although most researchers state that emotion is a very difficult concept to define, what is now being called a functionalist approach to emotion proposes that emotion is very easy to define. Emotion occurs whenever an event is encountered which is significant to the person. There is no exception to this rule. What makes an event significant is the RELATION between an event and one of four fundamental axioms: 1) how the event relates to a person's goals, 2) how an event links up with the hedonic state of the person, 3) how an event relates to the social reactions of another person, and 4) how an event relates to the prior experiences of an individual, such as in the attachment relationship. In this article, we intend to propose cogently some the basic principles of a functionalist approach, how it differs from the orthodox approach to emotion, how it is relevant to the contemporary interest in emotion regulation, and how it can be illustrated in experiments in infancy.
著者
大杉 佳美 内山 伊知郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本発達心理学会
雑誌
発達心理学研究 (ISSN:09159029)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.2, pp.193-201, 2013

本研究では,物理的概念のひとつである固体性の認識に関する課題において,3歳児から5歳児の探索行動が発達的にどのように変化するかを検討した。探索課題を達成するためには,装置に挿入されたボールの動きを止める板は一枚のつながった板であると判断し(対象物の単一性),ボールは板を突き抜けないという固体性の知識に基づいて探索すること,あるいは.板の形状を表象することが求められる。そこで本研究では,ボールの動きを遮る板に穴をあけ.ボールはその穴を通過して落下するが,あたかもその板がつながっているように見えるという探索課題を実施した。その結果,3歳児は,対象物の単一性と固体性の知識を用いてボールを見つけているが,表象しながら探索することが難しかったのに対し,4歳以降の子どもは,対象物の単一性と固体性の知識を用いることができるだけでなく,装置に挿入された板の形状を表象しながら探索することもできることが明らかとなった。つまり,板の形状を表象しながら探索することができるようになるのは,3歳から4歳にかけてであること,また,表象しながら探索するというスキルは,スクリーンの両端から見えている板に注目してボールを見つけることができるようになれば,獲得されるスキルである可能性が示唆された。
著者
石川 隆行 内山 伊知郎
出版者
日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1, pp.60-68, 2001-03-30

本研究は,5歳児の罪悪感に共感性と役割取得能力が及ぼす影響を検討した。その際,罪悪感を感じる場面として対人場面と規則場面を設定した。幼稚園5歳児100名を対象として,罪悪感,共感性および役割取得能力について面接法で測定した。罪悪感については,どれくらいあやまりたい気持ちになるかを測度とした。また,共感性はAST(Affective Situation Test),役割取得能力はSelman課題で測定された。その結果,共感性は対人場面での罪悪感に影響し,役割取得能力は規則場面での罪悪感に影響することが明らかになった。したがって,5歳児では対人場面と規則場面では罪悪感の規定因が異なることが示唆された。
著者
木村 年晶 内山 伊知郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本健康心理学会
雑誌
健康心理学研究 (ISSN:09173323)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.1, pp.20-30, 2012

The structure of life goals in three groups of people: shifting-to-old (<i>n</i>=73, 60-64 years old), young-old (<i>n</i>=369, 65-74 years old), and old-old (<i>n</i>=50, 75 years old and over) were investigated. The results indicated that life goals had five correlated structures that were consistent across the three groups. These included, &ldquo;leisure activities,&rdquo; &ldquo;contribution to society,&rdquo; &ldquo;money,&rdquo; &ldquo;health&rdquo; and &ldquo;work.&rdquo; Next, the relationship between life goals and the sense of fulfillment was examined in the three groups of people. The results showed that contribution to society in the shifting-to-old group was positively related to the sense of fulfillment, whereas money was negatively related. In the young-old group, leisure activities and contribution to society were positively related to the sense of fulfillment. In the old-old group, health and leisure activities were positively related to the sense of fulfillment, whereas work was negatively related. These results suggest that the sense of fulfillment is differentially related to the life goals of the three age groups.
著者
佐藤 鮎美 内山 伊知郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本発達心理学会
雑誌
発達心理学研究 (ISSN:09159029)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.2, pp.170-179, 2012

本研究では,生後9ヶ月児とその母親を対象に,絵本共有時間を3ヶ月間操作的に増加させた絵本群,および特に教示を与えない統制群を設定し,絵本共有増加期間前後における両群の母子相互作用を自由遊び場面において観察した。それにより,絵本共有が子どもに対する母親の働きかけに及ぼす効果を,縦断的に検討することを試みた。その結果,絵本群では,母親の子どもに対する賞賛および子どものほほえみの頻度が統制群に比べて増加することが示され,絵本共有により母親の子どもに対する敏感な働きかけが増加する可能性が示唆された。さらに絵本群において,子どもがほほえみながら母親を見上げる頻度が統制群に比べて増加することが示され,絵本共有によって子どもの感情共有が促される可能性が見出された。これらの結果から,絵本共有時間の増加によって,母親および子どもの行動が変容することが実証的に示唆され,絵本共有が母子関係の質を向上させるメカニズムの一端が明らかにされた。