著者

中坪 太久郎

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.203-211, 2009-03-10

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The aim of this article is to review the study on family of patients with schizophrenia. These study were composed of the following three; 1)research about hypothesis of the family etiology theory, 2)study on the expressed emotion, and 3)study uses the stress coping model. These study suggested that the family with schizoprenia could be in a complex context, and they needs special support. Based on above-mentioned, it is necessary to consider the study concereing the family's experience in addition to the finding in a prior study on supporting the family. Therefore, the understanding of the process of the family by a qualitative study is also important.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.67-80, 2014-03-28

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Many literatures on the policy process of higher education have accumulated in the 2000s in the U.S. and Japan. In this paper, I review them, especially the ones which were influenced and enriched from development in political science theoretically and methodologically since 1980s, focusing on "formulation and decision-making of policies" of higher education. Comparing recent literatures in the U.S. and Japan in the 2000s, I review the themes and methods of each literature and discuss the perspectives and challenges for the future.

著者

荻野 亮吾

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.95-112, 2014-03-28

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This paper discusses the applicability of social capital theory to research on adult and community education. In the field of adult and community education, clarifying the process of subjectivity has been a central task. However, because the self is restricted by society, it is necessary to adopt a relational approach. The leading theory of this kind is social capital theory, which regards social relationships as a sort of “capital”, and clarifies the mechanisms of accumulation and diversion of this “capital”. In the 1970s, there was discussion about the relationships between community and education. One approach was to view the community as a system and try to reveal its structure, and the other approach was to focus on the construction process of the community through residents’ movements. Social capital theory has the potential to adjust this dichotomy between the subject and structure, by focusing on the process and the function of social relationships. The work of Robert D. Putnam, the leading proponent of social capital theory, has three characteristics. The first is conceptualizing the social condition of regulating or affecting governance as social capital. The second is regarding social relationships as a sort of capital, which makes it possible to measure the amount of social capital across the ages and to compare social capital across countries and regions. The third is developing the possibility of conducting intervention studies into the community in order to construct social capital. In Japan, policy makers and researchers have shown increasing interest in social capital theory, with the promotion of community governance in recent years. The theory of social capital affects the lifelong learning policies of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the European Union, and attempts have been made to identify point of contact between the theory and research on adult and community education. Experience has shown that adult and community education can create partnerships and trust among residents in a local community, and that these relationships can add to lead to changes in the community. Social capital can add to this understanding by providing a theoretical framework and guidelines for empirical research. When trying to apply the concept of social capital to research on adult and community education, it is necessary to clarify the level of analysis, to focus on social networks, to examine nature as “capital,” and to reconsider the concept of social capital as a dynamic one. In future research on adult and community education, it is important to capture not only social relationships among individuals but also social relationships among associations and groups in the community, the process of getting engaged in community activities through belonging to such groups, and how the community is constructed through cumulative activities.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.129-138, 2016-03-31

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In this paper, I examined the speeches delivered by successive presidents of the University of Tokyo at entrance and graduation ceremonies after the war by using quantitative text analysis which had never been used in this field. Then I tried to find out how their self-awareness to the university and the organizational identity have been changing since post-war. Followings are what I found out. While every president has a certain common trend in his self-awareness to the University of Tokyo, some parts are reflected on both the situation of the times (i.e. political background, institutional context and public opinions) and each president's individual character.

著者

前田 麦穂 加藤 靖子 坂田 真啓 橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.133-149, 2015-03-31

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The purpose of this article is to clarify the recognition to the ability formation that agency managers in training schools of six professions have ― nurses, registered dietitians, social workers, clinical psychologists, pharmacists and childcare workers. We conducted a survey to agency managers of training schools of these six professions, asking about the ability formation in their professional education. This article shows the results of quantitative analysis.

著者

関 直規

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.351-359, 1997-12-12

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Little is known about the history of municipal social education policy, because most studies on the history of social education have concluded that it specially played central role to govern the rural society through the Emperor system in modern Japan. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the rationalization of recreation resulted from the change of work and leisure composition in the 1920's through an analysis of the social education policy in the Osaka city government. The leisure time of urban dwellers had been left largely to commercialism which had exploited their life. Reforming their leisure time and recreational activities seriously as a municipal problem meant more than recuperation from their labor. It involved also opportunities for citizenship education to make urban dwellers independent and ideal citizens. First, I review the composition of work and leisure problems from a statistical research of working and leisure time. Secondly, I consider the policy of recreation in the Osaka city government under the following two points. For one thing, the recreational thought of officials specializing in urban policy. Then the fostering growth of attachment for modern Osaka contained in consuming leisure activities. In this paper I would like to show some historical facts in order to establish the history of the social education policy based on urban universality in modernization process which will recompose the most historical studies so far.

著者

橋本 鉱市 丸山 和昭

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.85-104, 2010-03-10

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In this paper, we defined the “field of education” as the political field which consists of educational problems and participants. Then we clarified its structure and relations by using the network analysis. We comprehended the peripheral problems which have been overlooked in the analysis of the process of the higher educational policy and extracted core issues and core actors, then tried to clarify the characteristics of the structure of the field of education in modern Japan. As a result, (1) We could extract the core issues and actors in the field of education and higher education. And our findings are (2) there is a large difference in its network density and structure, and (3) the field of higher education consists of some actors such as governmental, quasi-governmental actors and mediators with business field and so on.

著者

海老根 理絵

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.149-158, 2011-03-10

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The purpose of this study is to assess qualitatively the structure of the positive attitude toward life in adolescence and to develop, based on the results, a scale that measures the positive attitude toward life. In Study 1, I conducted the open-ended format survey of 54 university students on the attitude toward life and classify the obtained data with the KJ method. As a result, it was made clear by the findings of previous works that the psychological structure model obtained in Study 1 was valid as a structure model on the positive psychology characteristic in adolescence. In Study 2, based on the results of Study 1, I made a 46-item scale on the positive attitude toward life, and applied it to 252 adolescents. The factor analysis with the promax rotation indicated 5 subscales, 25 items. The alpha coefficient ranged from .76 to .91, and the retest reliability after a two-week interval ranged from .82 to .94. Its construct validity was confirmed in the relationship with the fulfillment scale (Ohno, 1984) and SWLS (Kakuno, 1994).

著者

宮原 志津子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.91-99, 2011-03-10

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This article aims to examine the definition and history of the International Comparative Librarianship (ICL). The ICL has been developed since the 1960's supported by the library assistance of US for the developing countries. In the 1960's, American library consultants published their articles and books, referring to their work experiences in Southeast Asian countries. They are the first ICL studies in the library and information science (LIS) field. Instead of Americans, some Asian students started the ICL study and earned Ph. D of US graduate schools in the 1970's. At present, many Asian scholars have been contributing to the development of ICL study, particularly at the field of international cooperation of LIS education.

著者

井田 頼子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.41-52, 2015-03-31

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The purpose of this study is to point out the current issues about the policy of universities in Japan. In recent years, the government and the universities in Japan have focused on constructing new academic and educational institutions or programs for cultivating global human resources in universities. However, the government and the universities do not put a focus on the fact that there are Japanese high school students overseas who do not choose to go to universities in Japan, rather, other countries. This article clarifies the reasons why they decided to go to universities in other countries by semi-structured interview research: 4 students in Canada, and 6 students in Australia. This research result shows as follows: 1) They have been in anticipatory socialization systems globally. Based on 1), 2) They choose university from a respective viewpoint of admission and educational systems. 3) They put an importance on connecting their skills or academic knowledge to their future, such as higher education or occupation globally. The government and the universities should rethink tasks in terms of getting global human resources with a broader perspective.

著者

秋田 喜代美 佐川 早季子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.217-234, 2011

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The importance of the quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC) has been noted in different academic domains and the improvement of ECEC quality is a matter of the highest priority internationally. This paper reviews the empirical studies which examined longitudinally the impact of ECEC quality on child development. First, the focus is on the evaluation method. What indicators and scale are used to measure the quality of the structure and process? What are the advantages and limitations of each scale? Then, the findings of the longitudinal studies are reported. This paper addresses significant issues in determining and measuring quality for further discussion on quality research and also on a comprehensive ECEC policy.

著者

両角 亜希子 小方 直幸

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.159-174, 2012-03-10

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Management of university becomes a critical issue because of competition for acquiring students due to the declining birthrate. However the research of this area have been mainly focused on the analysis of financial health based on the size or selectivity of universities and professionalization of staff or cooperation between staff and faculty and the approach from the organizational point of view remains unexplored field. This paper examines the university management and organization focusing on private universities. Three areas-governance, personnel system and organizational climate are focused on as the organizational characteristics and the relationship between university organization and adequacy of the student quotas of enrollment is examined. University governance such as strength of autonomy of faculty and president of board of trustees from a founding family or not and organizational climate such as sharing of goals have some important effect on the financial health of universities on the one hand, but personnel system has no clear influence while it improves work motivation of staff.

著者

寺崎 弘昭

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.1-15, 2001-03-15

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In this paper, the writer has attempted to clarify the pedagogical stereotype that has hindered many historians of education from pointing out that corporal punishment was never abolished in the early modern history of educational thoughts. In fact, according to the writer's perusal of the texts, the early modern educationists permitted a rod or beating as a last resort of correction, while they denounced corporal punishment. For example, John Locke did admire the use of the "Whipping" for children's "Obstinacy" and "Stubbornness" in his famous book Some Thoughts concerning Education (1693,see §78), though he denounced corporal punishment as a "slavish" one in the same book (§52). Locke admitted the corporal punishment as a means of discipline, for it was not outside (corporal) punishment. The same fact can be pointed out in the educational thoughts of Quintilian, Augustine, Erasmus, Joseph Lancaster, Pestalozzi, Horace Mann, and so forth. Lancaster, while he condemned the corporal punishment, recommended the punishment of pillory, fetters, and "the birds in the cage". Similarly, Mann maintained the corporal punishment as a lesser evil that cured the grave evil. In spite of such undeniable facts, many historians of education have ignored the facts. Why? The writer maintains that the eyes of historians of education have been blurred by the pedagogical stereotype that emerged to obtain a professional authority of the educational science in the nineteenth century. For example, Joseph Payne, as "the first professor of education in England", established such a pedagogical stereotype in his lecture "On Corporal Punishment as a means of discipline in Schools" (The Educational Times, March 1861). He pretended to demonstrate that corporal punishment was denied as a means of discipline as well as a means of promoting learning in the history of orthodox educational thoughts including John Locke's.

著者

海老根 理絵

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.193-202, 2009-03-10

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In this article, studies on the construction of the view of death and life, as well as studies on the education of death and life, were reviewed. Today we have a lot of problems on death, such as students commit suicide because of bullying, and children killing and wounding others. However, many previous studies on the view of death and life have focused on only particular groups (e.g., old people, patients in terminal care), and have not focused on general population, especially young population. This review suggested that we should pursue research on the construction of young people's view of death and life, and conduct empirical research on the effective death and life education program in order for us to live happily.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.117-134, 2012-03-10

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"Plan for the first half of Showa 50's," is the report by the Advisory Committee on Higher Education in 1975. It shows that the restraining policy was adopted, completely switched from the previous expansion policy of higher education during that period. In this paper, I tried to analyze the contents and process of the discussion of the 1975 report. Then I examined how the expansion policy of the higher education in Japan had been changing to the restraining policy, and also the influential actors in the policy-making process of the higher education in the post-war Japan.

著者

吉國 陽一

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.445-453, 2013-03-10

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The aim of this paper is to show how Vygotsky assumed epistemic development and moral development to be unified in the process of concept development. Thoughts on epistemic development and moral development as a unified process, has been pointed out to be present in Vygotsky's theory of play. In this paper, the author attempts to point out that Vygotsky assumed epistemic development and moral development to be unified in the process of concept development as well.Vygotsky presumed that recognition of necessity was the key to acquire freedom and thus, brings about moral development. According toVygotsky, development of higher forms of conceptual thinking opens up the way to the recognition of the necessity of external reality, the internal process of oneself, and others.

著者

樋口 恵子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.291-300, 1997-12-12

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"MUGA( = anatman)" means not only non-ego but also extinguishing oneself in Japanese. Some Japanese artists say they feel a state where themselves disappear but only expressing subjects are left. It happens to lead to unify everything without seeing and considering each of things and deceive them to feel identifying themselves with the world. Takeshi Hayashi (1896-1975) is a Japanese artist who made up an unique art theory and followed it firmly in his art activity. In his art activity, three points should be examined. The first, he always tried to persue "MUGA". He didn't notice that he lost a chance to get a new world he had not known and to change himself while he felt himself was disappeared. The second, he believed real figure of existance was darkness every thing contains inside. This view point was influenced by philosophy of his father who was a scholar of Japanese and believed Japanese words had spirit. The third, he was inquiring rules in paintings through entire his life. It led him to see everything uniform without notice of their difference. Takeshi became a professor at Tokyo National University of Fine Arts & Music and a leader of "anti-informel ( = against abstract expression) in 1950's and 1960's. He was against abstruction painting that was popular at that time, while his collegues said his attitude was changed from that time. But his change was not resulted from his change his mind influenced by his becoming an art educational leader, but rather from his consistency of his art theory.

著者

佐藤 晋平

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.285-294, 2011-03-10

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In Japan, School Board was regulated by School Board Law for 1948-1956. In this law, there was the clause about openness of school board congress and announcement of convocation of congress. The congress had to hold an open hearing to the public and announcement had to be done for several days before congress was convoked. But there was the clause too in which the chairman of school board could shorten the days of announcement. It could be done in situation of emergency. This exception of the law had applied when government dismissed teachers. This exception about emergency was controlled discretion but it was written only that the clause was adopted when it was in emergency. So this was interpreted as discretion about requirement. In this paper, two cases are studied. In the first case, The School Board Law was still existed. School Board terminated a teacher but juridical decision rejected this termination because it hadn't recognized the situation as emergency. In the second case, School Board Law had repealed and the new law didn't stipulate an order that congress had to hold an open hearing to the public. The chairman's decision of emergency and of skipping the announcement was certified by juridical judge and some teachers were dismissed by undesirable discharge for the reason of advanced age. And in this case, it was the reason of emergency that the budget of next year would decrease and teachers should have dismissed before new budget year started. So this situation of emergency was internalized in the system of routine yearly budget : normal situation.

著者

熊谷 信司

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.33-42, 2010-03-10

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In the cities of South Korea, general high schools have been equalized by education policy after 1970s, but diversification is proceeding recently. In the former part of this paper we will review this diversification trend, and in the latter we will introduce the case study which was conducted in March 2009. In the case study we visited five types of schools (including three high schools, one prep school, and one elementary school), and the main focus in this paper is on a foreign language high school and a charter school which are the new types of high school in South Korea. Features of these schools and some interview data are discussed.

著者

小入羽 秀敬

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.277-283, 2011-03-10

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This paper analyzes the long and continuous work hours of elementary school teachers by reviewing teachers'work-style during lunchtime and lunchtime recess, especially from 11 : 30 to 13 : 30. The problems on teachers'over-work are exposed recently, and the solutions to lighten the teachers'duties are in necessity. Elementary school teachers are busiest in working hours, when students are in the school. They are too busy to take a break during working-hours. This paper defines this phenomenon as "continuous work hours". From the analysis, this paper concludes that many teachers have duties that cannot control by themselves during lunchtime and those uncontrollable duties makes teachers to work long and continuously. Especially, teachers in charge of 1st and 2nd grades are in this trend. To solve this problem, this paper suggests two things. One is to lighten the workload of lunchtime teaching. By setting the lunchroom and cafeteria-aids, teachers'workload on teaching in lunchtime will be relieved. Second, is making a controllable time during their working hours, such as in the morning class. This can be done by assigning special subject teacher, such as art and music. By making the controllable time during the working hours, teachers'health can be more guaranteed than in the past.