著者

森田 智幸

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.319-327, 2012-03-10

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This paper illuminates some historical aspects of the concept of 'Gōgaku'in the process of editing "Nihon-Kyouikushi-Shiryo" and clarifies what the historical process of it the Ministry of Education described in order to raise some issues for further discussion. This paper takes the following three points into consideration: first is that 'Gōgaku'was embedded in various case not classified in schools of feudal domains (han-ko) or private schools and academies (terakoya and shijuku) when "Nihon-Kyouikushi-Shiryo" was published, though the concept of 'Gōgaku'was found in the process of editing. This is because "Nihon-Kyouikushi-Shiryo" was edited for depicting the history that 'Gakusei'was adopted as the period of renovation of education in Japan. Secondly, according to original document, 'Gōgaku'was established with a mission for building new society that was not assumed in "Nihon-Kyouikushi-Shiryo". Thirdly, we have to explore the history of 'Gōgaku'as a history of the education of post elementary level.

著者

秋田 喜代美 斎藤 兆史 藤江 康彦 藤森 千尋 柾木 貴之 王 林鋒 三瓶 ゆき 大井 和彦

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.355-388, 2014

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This paper is a brief review of our meta-grammar project with special emphasis on the meta-grammatical activities conducted in Japanese classrooms. The first section describes the research questions and research procedures of the project; the second section reviews the recent history of language education in China with reference to grammar teaching; the third section is an analysis of secondary-school Japanese students' response to the meta-grammar classes as seen in the questionnaire survey; the fourth section considers how teachers found the project by analyzing their answers to the questionnaire and discussions at teachers' meetings; the fifth section presents the teaching materials we actually used in the experimental classes and describes how they were used; and the sixth and final section, based on the discussion up to this point, suggests the way this project can make a great contribution to the curriculum development of language teaching at the level of secondary education in Japan.

著者

平本 早雪 両角 亜希子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

no.57, pp.147-164, 2018-03-29

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In recent years, Japanese higher education policy has encouraged the strengthening of the leadership role of the university president; however, the meaning of "leadership role" has not always been very clear. To clarify the understanding of what is expected of university presidents; we must first understand what roles they are playing now and which factors affect the ways in which they fulfill their position. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the university president's job description and number of years in office on what the president actually does and on his or her abilities using a questionnaire-based survey. The results revealed notable differences in the duties and capabilities of university presidents, depending on their professional experience and number of years of service.

著者

澤井 和彦 高橋 義雄

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.457-468, 2005-03-10

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The purpose of this study is 1) to describe the allocation of sports resources at the University of Tokyo as the institution including some economic units and their rules, and 2) to investigate the merits and demerits of resource allocation using the Peer-to-Peer Networks through development and operation of the on-line reservation system for sport facilities. Basically, sports resources are allocated by re-distribution system in the organization of the University of Tokyo and ""The Univ. of Tokyo Athletic Association"" which is independent organization usually called ""Undou-kai"". The university decreased their re-distribution costs by making the part of their management cost internalized in the organization and moralistic communication of ""Undou-kai"", whereas the ""Undou-kai"" also decreased their costs to maintain their membership by making their operating cost internalized in the organization of the university. However, the number of students who belong to unofficial sport clubs is three times more than students who belong to the official sport club of ""Undou-kai"", which that the re-distribution system by university authorities and ""Undou-kai"" is unfair or inefficient for the students. We also investigated the possibility to make the distribution fair or efficient by Peer-to-Peer Networks using on-line reservation system for sport facilities.

著者

本迫 庸平

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.105-114, 2010-03-10

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This paper focuses on educational activities of “Educational Back-up Intelligence Center(EBIC)”, which is run by community's people. EBIC was established lately for the supports of its owner school(s) in Japan, and Ministry of Education has made it project since 2008. Through two antecedent EBIC's cases study, the paper points out its educational functions; discipline, primary career sense and learning attitude. On the other hand, EBIC's educational activities have difficulty because it is practiced by community's people as amateur teacher. The paper suggests how they tackle the problem.

著者

松井 健人

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.33-41, 2017

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This paper aims to offer an insight into the meaning of reading in Bildungsroman Santaro's Diary, written by Jiro Abe. Scholars have mainly studied Santaro's Diary through its reception among readers and the influence it had on students of later generations. Above all, this Bildungsroman has been considered as the principal main cause that, which brought about the boom of indiscriminate reading of western classical books in the Taisho Era. More recent studies have revealed that such a statement was based mostly on the reception of the book, rather than its content. Despite this, however, what it meant to read in Santaro's Diary remains unclear. Therefore, in this paper, I am going to show that the reading of Santaro has important function as an art of self-inquiry. Moreover, the limit of the act of reading as self-inquiry will be clarified.

著者

秋田 喜代美 辻谷 真知子 石田 佳織 宮田 まり子 宮本 雄太

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.43-65, 2018-03-29

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The quality of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) outside environments is becoming an important theme, but not enough is known yet about the settings and practices in Japanese playgrounds. To discuss the way to guarantee the quality of children's experiences, studies were reviewed for foreign countries and Japan, and research was done about playgrounds and outside environments in 1,740 Japanese centers. Similarities and differences between centers were shown, evaluationg scales were made from results, and some important ideas of practice were revealed. In conclusion, there are many differences between outside settings of centers. Practices that have longitudinal view, understanding of surroundings, and enough communication between staffs lead to richer environments. The important points from both tangible and intangible elements of centers' environments should be clarified.

著者

松永 幸子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.59-64, 2005-03-10

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David Hume (1711-1776), a philosopher of Scotland in 18 th century, treats 'education'concerned with the artificial virtues in his moral theory, especially in his most important work A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-1740). But his theory about 'education'has been neglected, as compared with other conceptions. In this paper, the writer has attempted to clarify Hume's moral theory concentrating on his treatise of 'education'. Hume divides the virtues into two, the natural virtues and the artificial virtues. He treats justice as one of the main artificial virtues and insists it is to be created not only by the human conventions but also by 'education'. As same as justice, other artificial virtues like chastity and modesty are formed mainly by 'education'. 'Education'occupies a quite important position in his theory as the principle that produces the artificial virtues.

著者

渋谷 知美

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.187-198, 1998

著者

豊田 香

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.275-285, 2013-03-10

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This paper focuses on the nature of knowledge learned at business schools. Combining the practical knowledge in business with the academic knowledge in universities can result in knowledge that enriches both worlds, but in order to do so it is essential to understand the whole picture of the nature of knowledge according to its levels of abstraction. This paper shows five levels; (1) pure science, (2) applied science, (3) clinical science, which are developed by scientists or scholars, (4) scientific explicit knowledge, and (5) practical explicit or implicit knowledge, which are developed by people in practice. The differences among them are not only who develops the knowledge, but also who judges its relevance and effectiveness.

著者

海老根 理絵

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.193-202, 2008

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In this article, studies on the construction of the view of death and life, as well as studies on the education of death and life, were reviewed. Today we have a lot of problems on death, such as students commit suicide because of bullying, and children killing and wounding others. However, many previous studies on the view of death and life have focused on only particular groups (e.g., old people, patients in terminal care), and have not focused on general population, especially young population. This review suggested that we should pursue research on the construction of young people's view of death and life, and conduct empirical research on the effective death and life education program in order for us to live happily.

著者

中坪 太久郎

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.203-211, 2009-03-10

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The aim of this article is to review the study on family of patients with schizophrenia. These study were composed of the following three; 1)research about hypothesis of the family etiology theory, 2)study on the expressed emotion, and 3)study uses the stress coping model. These study suggested that the family with schizoprenia could be in a complex context, and they needs special support. Based on above-mentioned, it is necessary to consider the study concereing the family's experience in addition to the finding in a prior study on supporting the family. Therefore, the understanding of the process of the family by a qualitative study is also important.

著者

小国 喜弘 木村 泰子 江口 怜 高橋 沙希 二見 総一郎

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.1-28, 2016-03-31

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss theory and art in Inclusive Education (referred to as “Full Inclusion” in the United States) within regular classes or at regular schools, by focusing on the practice of Osaka City Municipal Ozora Elementary School, which is known to utilize Inclusive Education. Section 1, entitled “Explaining Ozora Elementary School,” was written by Yasuko Kimura, the former principal of the school. In section 2, we discuss the history of the movement towards Inclusive Education in Japan, which began in the 1970s. In section 3, we discuss details pertaining to teachers’ value of human rights in daily school life. In section 4, we outline the kinds of techniques that must be acquired by teachers who work in Inclusive Education schools.

著者

許 婷婷

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.41-50, 2008-03-10

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「六諭」及與其相關的道徳話語在中國明清時代的庶民教化政策中扮演著重要的角色,而且與宗族社會形成息息相關。在十八世紀初期,《六諭衍義》這一主要解釋「六諭」的書亦傳來日本,對日本徳川時代的庶民教化政策亦〓了相當重要的作用。該書被施于訓點在日本出版之外,以室鳩巣所注釋的《六諭衍義大意》爲首之許多「六諭」道徳話語的異本亦陸續被出版。故,本文首先従教育思想史的觀點來考察與「六諭」相關的諸文本是如何輸入日本且出版的。然而在中國明清時代使用的《六諭衍義》與在徳川時代主要被使用的《六諭衍義大意》一書的内容並不盡相同。所以,本文對《六諭衍義》與《六諭衍義大意》的内容進行比較,試圖探討《六諭衍義》與鳩巣所注釋的《六諭衍義大意》之内容差異與日中社會體係差異之間的關係。並且希望透過以上的檢討,來思考在東亞各國間之道徳話語的流傳與演變的這一問題。

著者

三浦 太郎

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.393-401, 1998-03-26

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In the Edo period, among Japanese people who went abroad there were some who were keen about the difference between Western and Japanese libraries. Okataro Morita created the word "Shojaku-kwan (or Shoseki-kwan)" in order to express huge scale of the Western library. Then Seiryu Ichikawa used the word to give expression to a new library which would be open to the public and overcome the limit of the previous Japanese governmental library, Momijiyama Bunko, whose use had been restricted to the tycoon as a rule. The idea "Open to the public" was realized in 1875 when the Tokyo Shoseki-kwan was established as a free public library.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.97-107, 2016

著者

古仲 素子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.29-38, 2016-03-31

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify how activities of music club were carried out in Japanese junior high schools between 1920-1930, focusing on influence of the popularization of harmonica. In the 1920s, product development and advertisement by musical instrument maker, for making harmonica popularized and raising the position, enabled most people including students to get harmonica. The popularization of harmonica made musical activities in schools activated. Also, it drastically changed quality of students' musical performance and relationships between teachers and students, between course of studies and extra-curricular activities.

著者

沈 暁敏

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.257-266, 2006-03-10

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Since 2002 in China, drastic change has occurred in the field of moral education and social studies, wherenew subject is arranged and its contents are correlated and integrated. I have been a chief leader of this innovative movement in Shanghai, as a chief editor of new textbooks. This paper displays conceptions of "citizen ship education" and its "public mind or moral" which are represented in the new textbooks. In editing the new textbooks, such many issues were reexamined, as conflict and dilemma between current democratic idea of citizenship and traditional idea of convenient moral, confusion between new trend of human right and dominant political consciousness, destruction of public moral under marketing economy and so on.Through deliberation of these complicated issues for the editing process, the new textbook challenges to present a new vision based upon public philosophy, which should be empower and enrich "citizenship" in the real educational context.

著者

李 和静

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.61-70, 2016-03-31

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In this paper, the chronological trend of studies on shadow education in the sociology of education in Japan was examined. Based on this examination, future directions are then presented for consideration. Shadow education has been noted as a factor in the relation between educational achievement and social stratification in the 1970-80's in Japan. In the 1990s, based mainly on national survey data, it was found that educational investment and strategy influenced shadow education. Later, in the late 2000s, the amount of research and case studies that focused on shadow education increased. Currently, by controlling endogeneity biases, studies have been conducted in an attempt to identify causal effects of shadow education. In conclusion, for future consideration, within research on shadow education, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between the different terms used for shadow education (“out of school education”, and “private supplementary tutoring”) within the Japanese language.

著者

徐 国興

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.99-108, 2003

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Tuition fees of public universities are greatly increasing in recent years in China. Many researchers have made an attempt to examine the effects of rising fee on students'enrollment behavior. However, there is no systematic analysis of the causes of fee increase, and the causal relations between the fee rising and the expansion of higher education. This paper will focus on the following four points: (1) the history of university fees, (2) the present situation of tuition fees, (3) the mechanism responsible for the fee rising, (4) the relation between the rising of fees and the higher education expansion. The findings of this article are as follows: (1) The transformation of fee system is not from free-fee one to high-fee one directly, but through several transitive phases in which various fee policies were experimented by the central government. (2) The present standard of tuition fee is very high. Fee average is up to 5000 yuan every year. And the amount of fee collected by different institutions varies greatly according to university and department's prestige. (3) Each institution of higher education played an important role in the process of fee rising. The central government changed the fee policies, which gave each institution an arbitrary power to decide its fee level and how to spend it partly. (4) Consequently, the fee rising in public universities gave an incentive to every institution and directly promoted the expansion of the higher education.