著者

野瀬 善勝

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.253-271, 1972 (Released:2011-10-21)

参考文献数

78

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The author has observed the suicide rate and homicide rate of the past 60 years (1900-'60) not only in Japan but also in many foreign countries from the standpoint of epidemiological statistics and has synthetically studies the relationship of specific qualities of its biological (sex, age), geographical (distribution) and time (yearly trend, seasonal variation) phenomena, with life-environment (chemicophysical, biological, social), and an epidemiological study clears it out that soil aggregation may be found both in suicide rate and in homicide rate. The outstanding features are as follows. 1) The geographical distribution of suicide rate has keen connection with the chemical constituents of river water. Where pH-value is in neutral or alkalic and Ca/K ratio is also large, and Na+K/Ca+Mg ratio is high, suicide rate is high. 2) The geographical distribution of homicide rate has keen connection with the chemical constituents of river water. Where pH-value is slightly acidic, and Ca/K ratio is also small, and Na+K/Ca+Mg ratio is high, homicide rate is high. 3) Therefore, geographical distribution of suicide rate and homiside rate is in reverse order fundamentally. 4) In short, how electrelytic balance with K and Ca as their central figure may be suposed greately to have relation with postnatal disposition that apt to go to suicide or formation of postnatal disposition that apt to go to homicide.

著者

竹原 健二 三砂 ちづる 本田 靖

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.6, pp.215-224, 2006-11-30 (Released:2011-02-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study is to comprehend the correlation between the conditions of experience in sexual behavior and the sex education needs of high school students. We conducted a cross-sectional study in January-February 2004 using self-response sheetstargeting 681 students (15-16 years old) attending three public high schools in Ibaraki Prefecture and received valid responses from 627. The subjects of the analysis were divided into three groups depending on the conditions of experience in sexual behavior. We found that, as sexual behavior becomes more active, there are more pressing needs for sexual behavior related information such as "contraceptive methods" and "sexually transmitted infectious diseases" while lessinterest is shown in "male and female psychology" or "interaction between the sexes, " It became clear that the source of sex-related information is shifting from textbooks and school instruction to friends and news media. Although 30-40% of the subjects responded that they wanted to know more about the "nature of love" and "interaction between the sexes, " that is hardly handled in sex education. This suggests that needs and the sources of information on sex-related issues also differ.Judging from this result, if instruction in sex education had more varied content depending on experience in sexual behavior, there would likely be a strong possibility of being able to respond better to student needs. Though the primary issues handled in current sex education are probably centered in the provision of medical knowledge, it can be assumed that high school students want to know more essential matters as well as specific methods and it would be desirable for sex education to provide more multifaceted information.

著者

趙 大〓

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.347-357, 1967 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

8

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The state of health of the Korean old people is studied statistically with their five family lines which have lasted from seventeen century. The conclusion is as follows. (1) According to the age of death, the state of health in general has been improved since the beginning of this century. (2) Each family line has its own life span and the age of death. It is assumed that there is heredity of life span, or each family line has had own custom for health. (3) There is no difference on the state of health between old male and old female at Korea in latter days. (4) The state of health of the aged in latter days at Korea is no less than that in the present time with Proportional Mortality Indicator (PMI) and life expectancy of the aged.

著者

Haruka SHOZAKI-ITO Mayumi OHNISHI Tomoko SHIBAYAMA Yumi MATSUYAMA Rieko NAKAO Kanako MORIFUJI

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.111-120, 2020-05-31 (Released:2020-06-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

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親密なパートナーからの暴力は,社会的,経済的,宗教的あるいは文化的背景に関わらず,公衆衛生上の健康課題となっている.日本においても,他の諸国と比較して低い状況とはいえ,親密なパートナーからの暴力が発生している.本研究では,大学1年生に対して,交際相手からのデートDV被害を受けた経験とその後の援助希求行動について,25の被害経験シナリオを含む無記名自記式質問票を用いて横断研究を行った.371人から回答を得た.男子148人(60.2%)および女子81人(64.8%)が,交際経験があると回答した(χ2=0.754, df=1, p=0.385).交際経験がある学生中,男子69人(46.6%)および女子49人(60.5%)が,何らかのデートDV被害を受けており,女子の方が統計的有意にデートDV被害を経験していた(χ2=4.033, df=1, p=0.045).最も回答が多かった被害経験は,「交際相手から『ブス/ブサイク』や『バカ』などと言われたことがある」であり,男子24人(16.2%)および女子26人(31.2%)であった.デートDV被害後,援助希求行動について回答した115人中,19人(16.5%)が相談していたが,相談先としては,19人全員が「友人」,4人が「母親」と回答した.専門職・機関に相談した者はいなかった.自分の意志に反したキスあるいはセックスといった性行為の経験があると回答した11人のうち,誰かに相談した者は4人,またその後交際を解消した者は4人であった.デートDVの予防や早期に適切な相手・機関への援助希求行動を促進するための介入プログラムを講じる際には,性別や文化的要素について考慮する必要性が示唆された.

著者

Shoko KONISHI Emi TAMAKI

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.3, pp.110-124, 2016-05-31 (Released:2016-06-22)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2 6

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目的:本研究の目的は,日本の既婚および未婚女性における避妊使用の傾向を明らかにすること,および妊娠企図の影響を調整したうえで,避妊の使用と関連する要因を明らかにすることである.方法:2014年に実施した横断調査である,生物人口学プロジェクトにおいて,男性パートナーがいると回答した1746人の女性(うち既婚1361人,未婚385人;年齢20-44歳)の避妊使用と妊娠企図(調査時点に妊娠を希望;将来妊娠を希望;妊娠を望んでいない)について解析を実施した.結果:既婚女性の64%,未婚女性の30%は調査時点あるいは将来も妊娠を希望していなかった.しかしそのうちわずか各39%と47%の女性しか,確実な避妊法(コンドームあるいは経口避妊薬の継続的な使用)を実施していなかった.多変量ロジスティック回帰分析によると,既婚および未婚の女性の双方について,将来妊娠を希望していること(vs. 調査時点で妊娠を希望していること)および大学卒業以上の学歴(vs. 高校卒業あるいはそれ以下)は,確実な避妊法の実施と有意な正の関連を示した.既婚女性に限ってみると,妊娠を望んでいなかった女性は,調査時点で妊娠を希望していた女性と比較して確実な避妊法を実施する傾向が強かった.一方,未婚女性では同様の関連はみられず,年齢が高いほど確実な避妊法を実施する割合が小さくなる傾向がみられた.結論:調査時点で妊娠を希望していない場合でも,未婚女性,既婚女性ともに確実な避妊法を実施していない者が多かった.これらの女性がどの程度,望まない妊娠のリスクに晒されているのかについて,今後の調査研究が必要である.

著者

渡辺 昌幸

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.226-234,A16, 1960-03-31 (Released:2010-12-22)

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Correlations between footlength and stature are studied by 382 Japanese adult females in Tiba and Tokyo districts. Footlengths are measured from heel to the top of Ist, 2 nd and 3 rd toes, and called footlength I, II, and III respectively. Results are shown in Tables 1-4 and Fig, 1-5. Our conclusions are as follows.I. On the side difference of footlength.a) The right foot is, on the average, longer than the left by 0.8mm on the footlength I, 0.3mm on the II and III.b) In about 30% of all cases the left is found longer than the right. No side difference is proved in about 30% of cases.c) In about 12% of all cases the II was the longest. No cases was observed in which the III was longest. In about 15% the I and II showed equal length. In over 70% of all cases the longest was the I. The meanvalues of the footlengths are 21.9cm by the I, 21.6 cm by the II and 20.9cm by the III.II. Relation between stature and footlength.a) On the relation between stature and footlength shows a fairly high positive correlation. (correlations coefficient is about 0.7) and regressions coefficients are 0.136 on the I, 0.132 on the II and 0.121 on the III, and σyx are small.b) Correlation between stature and enlarge rate of the footlength (stature/footlength= reciprocal of relative footlength) is very low.c) As regressions coefficients of footlengths (αy) to stature we got 0.136, 0.132 and 0.121 for footlength I, II and HI respectively. And as those of stature t foot lengths (αx) we got 3.592, 3.629 and 3.645. From theoretical point of view, αy and αx are to stand in reciprocal relation and satisfy next expression. αy αx =1Our results do not satisfy above expression, simply because the subjects of our study are biological materials having much deviations.d) Relation of enlarge rate of footlength stands in a negative correlation, with fairly high coefficient (γ is ca-0.7).This means he who has long feet is not so tall as becoming his feet.

著者

西田 茂樹 木村 正文

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.129-139, 1994-05-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

22

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The purpose of this study is a re-evaluation of population dynamics, especially of marriage, divorce, and stillbirth by legitimacy, in Japan before the World War II. Formerly we reported results of similar analysis for the period between 1872 and 1898 and for the period 1899 and 1919. In this study, we have investigated the successive period from 1920 to 1940. Marriage rates over this period were estimated to be around 60 to 80 per 1, 000 unmarried women over age 15 and showed a decrease until the mid-1930's . Divorce rates were estimated to be around three to five per 1, 000 married women and showed a clear decrease since 1920. Illegitimate birth rates also showed a clear decrease from 27 to eight per 1, 000 unmarried women over age 15 in the study period. Ratios of illegitimate births to all births also showed a clear decrease. It was considered that these trends of marriage, divorce and birth by legitimacy were affected by the new appeared custom of registration of marriage which was the retardation of registration of marriage until the first baby was born. Illegitimate stillbirth rates were much higher than those of the legitimate in the study period. Illegitimate stillbirth rates showed a decline until 1927 and then turned to a increase. Legitimate stillbirth rates showed a decline in all study period but annual rates of decreasing were going to smaller since 1928. It was suspected that these trends of stillbirth were made by the phenomenon that some deaths of infant were registered as stillbirth.

著者

瀧澤 利行

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.5, pp.202-212, 1991 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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The aim of this article is to study the development of the health and the ethnic perspective of the Japan Association of Hygiene. From the middle of the Meiji period, public hygiene promotion activities directed at the general public were assumed by the Japan Association of Hygiene which was established in 1883. The key officers of this Association, which was supported by the government, were composed of staff from the Hygiene Bureauof the Ministry of Home Affairs, professors of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tokyo, and key members of Army and Navy medical staff. The Association carried out a variety of activities, including a general meeting once a year and regular meetings once a month where various kinds of lectures were given on matters relating to health and hygiene. Regional association were also organized in prefectures and regional cities, and hospitals and theatres were used for meeting places for presenting slide shows and for organizing hygiene discussion groups. These activities, aimed at promoting awareness of health and hygiene among the people in the Meiji era, were something completely unique. Fundamented to the thinking in the association were two factors; westernization of lifeand the preservation of traditional customs in daily life. The latter became the basis for the concept of ethnic hygiene in Japan.

著者

馮 巧蓮 堀口 逸子 清水 隆司 羊 利敏 丸井 英二

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.3-13, 2007-01-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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To date, there have been only few studies which investigated the situation of care for the elderly and caregiver burden in China. We performed a structural interview with 172 frail elderly and their caregivers, in pairs, in Shenyang City, China, after explaining the purpose of our study and obtaining consent. The interview was comprised of the Chinese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inter view (ZBI) questionnaire, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) questionnaire and questions on the char acteristics of the elderly and his/her caregiver. Responses from 150 elderly-caregiver pairs (87%), sufficient for analysis, were collected. Caregivers with high burden were defined as those who scored 51 points or more out of 88 points (66l or higher) on the ZBI. There were significant differences in ADL of frail elderly, caregiver's age, average number of hours of caregiving per day and elderly-caregiver relationship between caregivers with and without high burden from x 2 analysis. Using a multi variate logistic regression, we found that caregiver burden was associated with ADL of frail elderly, caregiver's age and elderly-caregiver relationship. The results of this study showed that ADL of frail elderly, caregiver's age, average daily hours of care provided and relationship between elderly and their caregivers affect burden among caregivers in China.

著者

大木 秀一

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.77-92, 2001 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

41

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A genetic analysis was conducted in order to evaluate to what extent alcohol use and smoking are influenced by genetic or environmental factors. The subjects were adult 149 monozygotic twin pairs and 87 parent-offspring pairs who answered a mailed questionnaire, including requests for information on alcohol use and smoking. Covariance structure analysis was performed using program packages PRELIS2 and LISREL8. The results demonstrated that (1) significant heritability were obtained for both alcohol use (73% for male and 64% for female) and smoking (58% for male and 33% for female), (2) dominance genetic effects were observed for male alcohol use and common (within family) environmental effects were observed for female smoking, (3) a higher genetic effects were observed for alcohol use than for smoking in both sexes, (4) a higher environmental effects were observed for female than for male in both behaviors, (5) the co-occurrence of both behaviors were in part influenced by common genetic/environmental factors, with the additive genetic correlations of. 54 for males and. 50 for females, and random environmental correlations of. 34 for males and. 33 for females. These results show that lifestyles, such as alcohol use and smoking, are under substantial genetic control. It is concluded that not only environmental factors, but genetic factors should be considered in the proper management of alcohol use and smoking.

著者

桐生 康生 鈴木 庄亮

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.110-118, 1994-03-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

成田 美代 大嶽 紀子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.101-112, 1996-05-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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The protein, sugar, and lipid concentrations were measured in 255 samples of human breast milk that were provided longitudinally by 33 women following childbirth. Longitudinal changes, the relationship among the three nutrients and the amounts of infant intake were analyzed. The protein concentration was highest in colostrum and decreased thereafter. In contrast, the sugar and lipid concentrations were at their minimums in colostrum. The protein concentration exhibited a significantly positive correlation with the lipid concentration, where as both were significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of sugar. The PFC-ratios of human breast milk were almost the same as the ratios calculated from the Recommended Dietary Allowance for the Japanese (5th Division) pertaining to the first six months postpartum, the ratio of protein in human breast milk subsequently declining. It was presumed that an infant's intake of the three nutrients and the infant's energy increased in volume each day for the first five weeks postpartum.

著者

金子 俊 丸井 英二

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.147-151, 1985 (Released:2011-02-25)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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It has been considered that the first Japanese recommended dietary allowances announced officially in 1926. But we are introducing another report which can be believed to have been earlier recommendation than the former one . The report appeared in the bulletin of the Institute of Hygiene, Vol.2, published by the Department of Hygiene, Ministry of Home Affairs . In this report, the authors, Ryojun Tahara and Katsusaburo Suda, established?gproper diets for health?h(?gHoken Shokuryo?h), which meant recommended dietary allowances at that time . The?gproper diets for health?hwas established on the basis of the standard of Prof. Voit, Munchen University, with due regard to Japanese own dietary practice and Japanese people's body weights. It advocated that Japanese need 96gm protein , 20gm fat, and 450gm carbohydrate per capita per day. They reported also how to utilize this recommendation as an index for the evaluation of the nutritional survey in various types of work . Furthermore, they made an example of food constitution table, that was named“standard diets”, on the basis of the“proper diets for health”for the purpose of education to laymen. In some occasion, sample foods were shown in the institution as an activity of nutritional education . In the last paragraph of the report, they mentioned that the aim of this establishment of" proper diets for health"has recommended dietary allowances was racial eugenics for the Japanese to follow the western countries.

著者

高橋 英次 米地 和夫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.78-86, 1968 (Released:2011-10-21)

参考文献数

8

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Following the school health statistics from the Ministry of Education myopia prevalence rate in elementary school children and secondary school pupils for 10 years from 1955 to 1964 is revealed by 46 prefectures . On the geographic distribution of the prevalence rate, the correlations with natural environmental factors such as annual average temperature and annual insolation duration and with socio-economic factors such as promotion rate of pupils to higher school and living expenditures per person per month are calculated. 1. Myopia prevalence rate is higher in the area of Japan sea side slope from Hokkaido to Hokuriku and in the large cities of the Pacific side, lower in the area which extends from southern Kyushu through Shikoku to Wakayama and in the northern Kanto plain area . 2. The negative correlation with the geographic distribution of annual average temperature is recognized for female. The negative correlation with the geographic distribution of annual insolation duration is found for both sexes, but that for female is higher. 3. The positive correlation with the geogrophic distribution of the promotion rate to the senior secondary school is recognized only for junior secondary school pupils, but the correlation with the promotion rate to the college and the university is found in all male and female groups of all schools. 4. The highest grade positive correlation is found with the geographic distribution of living expenditures per person per month of all consumers for male and female groups of all schools.

著者

金子 俊 丸井 英二

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.156-165, 1984 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

15

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The authors has introduced a newly found investigation record on the Japanese nutritional status during the war. It was published as a secret document in December, 1948, carried out by the Institute of the Ministry of Health and Walfare. It has never been cited in any historical writings on nutrition after the war. Department of Health Science investigated the physical status and diseases . On the other hand, Department of National Nutrition collected nutritional data with the food consumption survey. The survey staffs were Dr. Koya, Dr. Yamakawa, Dr. Tachikawa, Dr. Kubo, Dr. Nobechi, Dr. Sugimoto and so on. They have been famous as the members of Japanese societies of public health and allied sciences. The report includes as followings: (1) On school children; physical constitution, nutritional status, carrying luncheon and its food items, and the uses of eutrophics. (2) On pregnant women and neonatal children; body weight, morbidity rate, the items, frequency and quantity of the staple food, and the purchase of the food stuffs. (3) On salaries men in urban areas; body weight, morbidity conditions of tuberculosis and beriberi etc., quantity and quality of staple foods, food stuffs of subsidiary foods, items of snacks and the uses of eutrophics. (4) On the workers of several important factories; body weight, intake of protein and energy. As well as this survey was performed nation-widely, it was summed up and appreciated statistically as to yearly trend, region, sex, occupation and so on. This report can be evaluated not only as a basic historical record to prove the condiiton under the war, but also as a precious material to study the later nutritional effects for the people who had spent the under-nutritional period during the after the war time.

著者

内村 祐之 石橋 猛雄 西 信次 渡邊 榮市

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.48-55,en8, 1934-12-30 (Released:2010-11-19)

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Um der Erläuterung der Lues-Metalues-Frage näher zu kommen, wurde le systematisclie Untersuchung der Wassermannschen Reaktion unter der Ainu-Rasse angefangen. Die vorliegende Mitteilung enthält die Ergebnisse aus dem Material, welches von der Gemeinde Piratori, Hokkaido, und ihrcr anliegenden Umgebung stammt. Die Gesamtzahl der Untersuchten betrug 610, darunter 203 Männer, 407 Frauen. Durch die wahllose Durchführung der Untersuchung von Gesunden und Kranken sind die folgenen Ergebnisse etwa als die Durcbschnittszahl anzusehen, welche auf die Syphilisausbreitung dieser Gegend hinweist.Wenn es berücksichtigt wird, dass die Prpzentzahl aus Kontrollmaterial, welches aus etwa 200 c. -igentlichen Japanern dieser Gegend bestand, 16, 9% war, so ist es klar ersichtlich, wie stark die Syp%ilis unter den Ainu verbreitet ist. Die folgende Tabelle demonstriert die Wassermannshe Reaktion bei den verschiedenen Lebensaltern.Sehr zu beachten ist die hthe Prozentzahl unter der Gruppe bis zum 15. Lebensjahre, Während sonst bei der klinischen Untersuchung dei-Kinder nur äusserst selten congenital-syphilitische Merkmale zu finden waren je ein Fall mit den Hutchinsonschen Zähnen und der Sattelnase. Auch von ophthalmologischer Seite wutcle kein einziger Fall mit parenchymatöser Keratitis festgestellt. Trotz solchen klinischen Verhältnissen wird dennoch die erwähnre hohe Prozentzahl unter den Jugenhlichen nicht anders als der Ausdruck der ausgebreiteten Congenital-Lues gedeutet werden müssen. Die Prozentzahl der positiven WaR. schwankt von Dorf, zu Dorf von 20, 9% bis zu 53, 8%. Diese Schwankung kann sich gewissermassen auf die geographischen, hygienischen oder sozialen Verhaltnisse jedes Dories beziehen.Durch die klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung fand mai sehr häufig Fälle mit pathologisch r Lichtreaktion der Pupillen. Wir fanden aber in chn Ainu aus erwähnter Gegend nur je einen Fall von Dementia paralytica und Tabes dorsalis a's die manifeste Syphilis des Zentralnervensystems. Die klinische Form dieser Metaluetiker zeigte keine Abweichung von der typischen.Die Bluttypenbestimmung, die bei der Untersuchung der WaR. anhangs-weiss ausgeführt wurde, ergab folgendeZahlen: Gruppe o: 99 Fälle, Gruppe A: 188 Fälle, Gruppe B: 194 Fälle, Gruppe AB: C8 Fälle. Der berechnete Rassenindex, 0, 98, deckt skin mit der Literatur erhobenen Zahlen anierer Autoren.

著者

Shoko FUKUYAMA Minato NAKAZAWA Ryutaro OHTSUKA

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.157-167, 2005-07-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

21

著者

井原 一成

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.89-100, 2006-05-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

26

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The developmental process of models which Dickert and Grady suggested for the payment to research subjects was analysed, through a critical reading of their paper and a comparison with preceding papers written by Macklin and Ackerman. The wage payment model which Dickert and Grady recommended has developed for non-clinical research and was recognized as a product of compromise between competing interests ; the need to recruit subjects and obligation to offer them certain types of protection. Application of this model to clinical research causesmore ethical problems of payment as compared with its application to non-clinical research. In clinical research, furthermore, payment itself reveals more about commercial relationship between physicians and patients. However, the model has an ethical advantage to prevent therapeutic misconception. Although the reimbursement model is less likely to commercialize the patientphysician relationship, it is difficult to adopt the model as it can not prevent therapeutic misconception. Payment to patients, a symbol of clinical trials which includes tension between the obligation of society to promote research and the obligation to prevent the moral interests of patients, should be used as a tool to conduct informed consent through which both patients and physicians could attain profound realization of clinical trials together.

著者

堀田 之 大橋 邦和 中尾 初生 渡辺 鑑江 久世 妙子 浅木森 利昭

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.193-197,A11, 1961 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

15

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This study of 1230 infants and newborns was undertaken to realize the development of motor activity. Followings are the results obtained.(1) The percentage of the infants who had acquired the activity arised with the monthage advanced, increasing its value rapidly near the point at which median infants had acquired the activity. And it became a slow increase after that point, showing this tendency more obviously in the higher stages of motor development.(2) The harder became the behavior to achieve, the longer were needed the periods during which the percentage of the infants who had acquired the activity came to 100% from 50%, for there were the infants who acquired the activity extremely late for their chronological age. This fact suggests that the motor development is affected by the physical and environmental components.(3) No remarkable differences were observed in the period at which 50% of the infants had acquired the activity comparing with the pre-war babies.(4) No sexual differences were observed in the period at which 50% of the infants had acquired the activity

著者

Tsuyoshi MATSUBA Momoko CHIBA Khongsap Akkhavong Aporn Sisuraj Yutaka INABA

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.6, pp.255-262, 2005 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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尿路結石症が多発するラオスにおいて,食習慣や生活習慣に関連する因子と疾患発症との関係を明らかにすることを目的に症例対照研究が行われた.尿路結石症例114名および病院ベースでマッチされていない対照97名が調査対象として選ばれた.質問紙を用いて食習慣や生活習慣に関する因子について質問され,各因子についてオッズ比が求められた.また食習慣に関しては,各々の摂取食品項目がどのような因子によって成り立っているのかを明らかにするため因子分析が用いられた.更に共分散構造分析(構造方程式)を用いて食習慣と疾患との間の関係についてモデルを構築しそれぞれの関連を明らかにした.尿路結石は病因の異なる2つのグループ,すなわち上位尿路結石および下位尿路結石に分けられる.下位尿路結石については伝統的な摂取食品項目との間に正の関連を表し,近代的な摂取食品項目との間には負の関連を示した.対照的に上位尿路結石は伝統的な食品項目よりも近代的な食品項目との問により高いパス係数が認められた.ラオスでは今後食生活の近代化によって,下位尿路結石は減少するものの上位尿路結石の罹患は上昇することが考えられる.