著者
藤山 開三
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.5, pp.417-444,A24, 1961 (Released:2010-11-19)
参考文献数
16

Statistical investigations were made on relations between the infant mortality and the social biological factors as a previous paper. The infant death rate was 44.3 (male 48.6, femal 39.9), the neonatal death rate was 22.4 (male 24.5, femal 20.3).The neonatal death rate of premature infant was ten times higher than that of mature infant. The death rate fo premature infant was 194.1 and existed obvious difference between in case of male and in case of female. The death rate of premature infant was the lowest in the third born and in the mother's age from 25 to 29.
著者
杉田 稔 伊津野 孝
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.6, pp.234-245, 2006-11-30 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
39

Introduction: Over the past several years, differences and/or inequality within Japanese society have been pointed out from various study areas. The actual status of variations in differences and/or inequality in the economy and variations in health indicators was determined objectively from statistics collected in Japan. We forecast the differences and/or inequality in the economy and mortality rate in the future, and discuss countermeasures for health impairment due to economic inequality as a social epidemiologic study. Materials and methods: Gini coefficients, which show economic inequality, and mortality rateswere collected from statistical data published in Japan. An article in which the relationship between economic inequality and difference in health was noted and others were cited.Results: The Gini coefficients for inequality in income under 35 years of age and in consumptionof the thirties and the forties increased recently in Japan. Mortality rate for all causes ofmales aged 30-34 years increased and that for suicide increased notably except aged people in recent years. Discussion: The Gini coefficient increased in adults recently in Japan. The reason for this isbecause enterprises reduced the numbers of regular employees, whose salaries are higher, and increased the numbers of non-regular employees such as part-time and dispatched workers, whosesalaries are lower, in order to decrease labour cost after the bubble economy collapsed in 1990.Age-adjusted mortality rate for all causes and mortality rates for all causes by age decreased consistently in Japan after World War II. Recently, however, the mortality rate for all causes in males aged 30-34 years has increased. This indicates that socialization of anti-risk countermeasures are not sufficient in Japanese society in a recession, demonstrating the existence of a defective social system and/or of notable problems in the management of social systems in Japan. It should be recognized that if the situation is neglected and effective countermeasures are not taken, social chaos may result. Thus effective policies introducing sufficient anti-risk countermeasures are necessary to reduce the mortality rate.
著者
辻田 純三 伊藤 清臣 黛 誠 田中 信雄 堀 清記 小石 秀夫
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.1, pp.2-11, 1980 (Released:2011-10-21)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1

パプアニューギニア高地人の成人男子18名,日本人成人男子20名の身体計測およびパプアニューギニア現地での戸外および家屋内の環境温度の測定を行なって次の結果を得た。1)パプアニューギニア人の身長および体重の平均値は夫々,158.4cm,61.3kgで日本人の夫々の平均値,171.6cm,68.2kgより有意に小さかった。しかし,パプアニューギニア人のRohrer's indexおよびBrugsch's indexの平均値は逆に日本人の平均値より大きかった。2)パプアニューギニア人の胸囲,腹囲,上腕囲,大腿囲,下腿囲の平均値は,日本人の平均値よりやや小さいかその差はわずかであった。パプアニューギニア人の前腕囲の平均値は日本人の平均値より大きかった。パプアニューギニア人の上肢長の平均値は日本人の平均値よりわずかに小さかったが,手の長さ,下肢長,足の長さはパプアニューギニア人の方が日本人より長く,パプアニューギニア人の四肢長と身長との比は日本人の値より有意差をもって大きかった。3)パプアニューギニア人の皮下脂肪厚は日本人のそれより有意に薄かった。又,皮下脂肪厚より算出された体脂肪含有率は日本人のそれより有意に少なかった。4)パプアニューギニア人の足の形は,日本人と比べて足長に比し足巾が長く,足底面積が広く,親指と小指が長軸に対して扇形に開いており,山道の歩行に適応して変化していた。5)パプアニューギニア人のBushhouseは日本製木造家屋,スチール製建物に比べて日中の室内温が低く,環境温度の観点よりみると秀れた家である。6)パプアニューギニア人の身体的特徴は,彼等が日常生活において毎日山歩きの激運動を行なっていること,摂取カロリー量が少ないこと,および熱帯高山気候の影響によって形成されたものと思われる。
著者
Mayuko KANO Noriko SUDO Ayumi YANAGISAWA Yukiko AMITANI Yuko CABALLERO Makiko SEKIYAMA Mukamugema CHRISTINE Takuya MATSUOKA Hiroaki IMANISHI Takayo SASAKI Hirotaka MATSUDA
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.5, pp.150-162, 2017-09-30 (Released:2017-10-30)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
1

妊娠可能年齢の女性の栄養状態を評価する方法として,2016年にFAOからMinimum Dietary Diversity for Women(MDD-W)が発表された.これは24時間以内に摂取した食品群の数を数えることにより,11ある微量栄養素の摂取状態を集団レベルで評価するものである.本研究ではMDD-Wをルワンダ農村地域で用いる際の妥当性を調べた.41名の対象者から集めた54日分の直接秤量記録データを用い,観測された摂取量が必要量を満たしている確率(probability of adequacy; PA)とMDD-Wスコアの関連をスピアマンの順位相関係数を用いて評価した.各栄養素のPAとそれらを平均した総合的な栄養指標(Mean PA; MPA)のうち,MDD-Wと有意な正の相関を示したものは少なく,相関係数も0.294から0.392と小さかったことより,本調査地域におけるMDD-Wの妥当性は確認できないと判断した.本地域では微量栄養素に富む食品の摂取量が少なく,食べていたとしてもそれらが全体的な栄養供給に貢献できていない例が多くみられた.食品群に含まれる栄養素量をその食品群の現地での平均摂取量当りに換算したところ,穀類の方が微量栄養素に富む食品群よりも多くの栄養素を供給していた.しかしMDD-Wでは摂取の有無のみを基準に評価を行うため,少量しか摂取されず栄養供給への寄与が低い食品群も,摂取量の多さにより寄与が高くなっている食品群も,同じ1ポイントとして扱われてしまう.また,各食品群の摂取量とPA,MPAとの相関係数を算出したところ,穀類の摂取量とMPAが有意な正の相関を示し,相関係数は0.634と相関の程度も強かった.一方で多様な食品を摂取しMDD-Wスコアが上がるほど穀類の摂取量は減るという逆相関がみられたことより,実際の栄養摂取状況とMDD-Wによる評価に不一致が生じていた.本地域でMDD-Wが正しく機能しなかったことは以上の理由によると考察するとともに,食品の多様性が限られている地域においては,現地の人々の栄養摂取に最も寄与している食品を見極め,その食品の人々の摂取量を把握することも重要であるという結論に達した.
著者
下田 妙子 菅 淑江 斉藤 篤 藤野 武彦 迪利 巴尓 王 静雄
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.23-32, 1996-01-31 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
9

We investigated the eating habits of the Uygur family living in kashgar, an oasis city in the western part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China. The results are as follows: 1. Lunch was full of variety, compared with the morning and evening meals; the former consist of rahmen, chuchura, poro, chinese-type rice dishes and so on, although the later was composed of only Nan-type bread and tea. The items of food were 13 to 18 per day. 2. As source of protein, mutton was most used but chicken and beaf were less consumed due to the high price. 3. Food was seasoned mainly with rock salt. Sugar was not used in cooking. 4. The average of daily intake of calcium, iron and vitamin B2 in men was less than the Chinese standard dietary allowance. 5. The comparative ratio of P : F : C was 9-12: 11-28 : 61-77.
著者
左座 金藏
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.3, pp.179-206,en1, 1934-03-05 (Released:2010-11-19)

Verf. hat von 1521 Verbrechern 9 Fälle ausgewählt, die sich Lesonders gut als Schulbeispiele der die pathologische Amoralität abgebende amoralischen Habitualverbrecher eignen, d. h. als Musterbeispiele sog. krimineller Monstra von BOsartigkeit. Durch individuelle Beobachtung dieser Rälle bekam Er folgende Resultat:1) Kriminologisches: Bei alien Fällen ist die antisoziale Tendenz frühzeitig (seit dem 15. Lebensiahre im Mittel) hervorgetreten. Alle w_rden Rechtsbrecher und verharrfen sich in der kriminalpathologischen Eigenschaft. Ganzes Leben hindurch zeigten sie keine Besserung.2) Konstitutionelles.: Körperbau und Charakter stimmen in alien untersuchten Fällen überein. Namlich hypoplastisher Typ. mit pyknischer Färbung zeigt schizoiden Typ. mit zyklothymem Einschlag. Ihre Lebensweise ist unstetig und haltlos, parasittisch und vergnügungssüchtig.3) Psychiatrisches: Immer fanden sich eigentümliche Merkinal2 von “Moral insanity”. Nur ein Fall war schwachsinnig und zeigte Pseudologia phantastica, sonst wurd: n keine Intelligenzabnormitäten konstatiert.4) Genealogisches: Es wurden keine Verbrecher und Axnoralischen. in ihrer Aszenchnten, Deszendenten und unt'r den Geschwistern gefunden. Wenigstens liess sich keine gleichartige, direkte Vererbung nachweisen. Es scheint dem Verfasser wahrscheinlich, dass der Typus selbst, der dem amoralischen Habitualverbrecher charakteristsch ist, nicht erblich übertragbar ist.
著者
上坪 加代子
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.6, pp.866-874,A54, 1959 (Released:2010-11-19)
参考文献数
24

With regard to Japanese girls in Tokyo, we have surveyed menarche age and its correlations with their height, weight, circumference of the chest, width of shoulders (Breite zwischen den Akromien), pelvic width (Distantia Cristarum), and environmental elements annually for the period of three years.This time we report a notable tendency of accelerated menarche; girls who have shown accelerated menarches are found much in C body type which, compared with the average of their year, their height are extreme and their weight are considerable, and delayed menarche are found much in K type which, compared with the average of their year, their height are low and their weight are small.The correlation between the cube of pelvic width and days after menarche is high. But there is still room for investigation. The environmental factors stimulating the beginning of menarche are not found, nor can we gain any information to predict of menarche.
著者
青柳 直子 内山 有子 小林 正子 柴若 光昭 衞藤 隆
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.4, pp.173-181, 1999-07-31 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1 2

Based on a questionnaire survey carried out in July 1996, this study aims to evaluate the effects of barefoot education of schoolchildren in elementary schools, with respect to behaviourmodification concerning safety and healthy lifestyle. The subjects were 571 schoolchildren, 420from a school which conducted barefoot education for seven months from April to October and151 from a school which did not. The 420 children in the former were divided into one group(N=289, 76.1%) who were always barefooted and another (N=91, 23.9%) who were not. The major findings were as follows. 1. The comparison between the two schoolchildren groups revealed that the barefoot educationgroup developed more safety and health behaviour such as avoidance against hazardous objects on the schoolyard and in the classroom, hand-washing, and cleaning of gymnastic wear. 2. Within the schoolchildren in the barefoot education school, the?galways berefooted" grouppaid more attention to hazardous objects and did hand-washing more frequently, though significantly different items between the two groups were fewer than those in the between-schoolcomparison. This study suggests advantageous effects of barefoot education on development of safety and healty behaviour in schoolchildren.
著者
仲村 薫 中田 福市 鈴木 儀弘 大城 健孝
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.92-98, 1988-03-30 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
1 1

Environmental weather and dietary life exist within the same aspect throughout the Okinawa Prefecture. However on the farming population rates and the nature of drinking water there were regional differences. The correlations between above factors and the mortality from cerebro-vascular disease (CVD) were investigated. Interrelationships between CVD and several trace elements in drinking water were found to be strong and complex, especially water hardness and silicon seemed to make an important contribution to mortality from CVD. The mortality from CVD indicated the highest negative correlation coefficient (r=-0.86) for drinking water hardness. In our research regions, silicon concentration in drinking water was lower levels (6-14 mg/l) in Japan and correlated negatively with the mortality from CVD (r=-0.76). On the correlation with mortality from CVD, silicon concentration is considered to have a threshold value, which is presumed to about 10 mg/l. The mortality from CVD and farming population rate showed positive correlation (r=0.75). The mortality rate and Ca2+/SO4-2 are represented as the negative correlation.
著者
姫野 友美
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.6, pp.299-314, 1994-11-30 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
1

The prevalence of essential hypotention was cross-Sectionally surveyed among 58, 000 adult workers in the Tokyo metropolitan area, and differences in hemodynamics were analyzed between hypotensive patients with subjective symptoms and those who were asymptomatic. The overall prevalence of hypotension, defined as a systolic blood pressure of less than 100 mmHg, was 8.9%. By sex, the prevalence was 1.4% in males and 14.7% in females. Males were thus outnumbered by females by ratio of 1:10. The prevalence of essential hypotension, accounting for 74.7% of all forms of essential hypotension, was 6.7%. By age, the prevalence of essential hypotension was high in the younger age groups and decreased with age. One or more of subjective symptoms out of seven symptoms prepared were observed in 27 .5% of all the essential hypotensive patients. By sex, the prevalence of subjective symptoms was higher in females (28.3%) than in males (20.0%). The prevalence of symptoms tended to increase with age, but declined after the sixth age decade. The prevalence of symptoms in essential hypotensive patients was significantly higher than that in normotesive subjects and patients with borderline to definitive hypertension . The main symptoms in essential hypotensive patients were general malaise/ fatigue (14.6%), vertigo and dizziness (8.5%), and headache/forgetfulness (6.9%). The prevalence of the these three major complaints declined with a rise in blood pressure, suggesting their usefulness in the diagnosis of hypotension. Hemodynamic variables were compared in the group of hypotensive patients with symptoms versus that without symptoms. Although there were no intergroup differences in supine hemodynamics, the group with symptoms showed a classical hypotonic form of orthostatic dysregulation, corresponding to the?gdysdynamische Syndrome?hof the classification of Deilus, in the tiliting test. The prevalence of small hearts did not differ between the two groups.
著者
甲田 光雄 飯淵 康雄 丸山 博
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.3, pp.54-62, 1973 (Released:2011-10-21)
参考文献数
18

Beginning on April 15, 1973, at the Yao-Kenko-Kaikan (Director, Mitsuo Kouda) in Yao City, Osaka, at the wish of a myasthenia gravis patient, we applied to him the health-recovery- and-promoting method of eating ?gperfect raw vegetable food?h, taking cold-and-hot bath taken one minute alternately, a special kind of physical excercise, etc., and could ob tain a strikingly good result. About two weeks later the patient started practising the method, ocular symptoms such as blepharoptosis and double vision symptoms, bulbar symptoms such as the weakening of digestive power, and generalized symptoms such as the stiffness of the neck and shoulders and the feeling of general fatigue took a turn for the better daily, and in 40 days all the symptoms peculiar to mysthenia gravis disappeared. He kept taking ?g"perfect raw vegetable food?h for 75 days, and then he returned to nor mal sidedishes with unpolished rice as the staple food. He continued taking cold-and-hot bath taken one minute alternately, a special kind of physical exercise, etc., He is now engaged in his former job. As of August 30, 1973, he enjoys good health and has no symptoms peculiar to myasthenia gravis.
著者
奥脇 康夫
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.4, pp.330-344, 1969 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
28

Provincial prevalence of infectious hepatitis is increasing in Japan. Though the germ has been accepted to be a virus (or viruses), it has been able to test by neither virological technique nor immuno-serological method ; the diagnosis of the disease is subjected to the clinical, histopathological or biochemical researchs. As long as it is the infectious disease, however, there may be latent infection or incomplete symptoms, and there may be various types of the disease. Therefore, it may be questionable somehow to forecast the prevalence of such a disease depending on the judgement on the epidemiological phenomena in the early period of the disease. The author was happened fortunately to contribute to treatment of Sashima hepatitis and researched how the epidemiological aspects in the early period was varied depending on the continuous pursue of the disease, and what tests should be employed in the early period of the prevalence. As there are many diseases that cause disturvance of liver such as infectious hepatitis in farm villages in Japan, other factors such as mercury poisoning and filariasis should be considered. The author at first recognized frequent outbreak of liver diseases, and confirmed the infectious hepatitis. Then, the disease was researched as grouping on sex, age and district; there was found out that the levels of positive urine urobilinogen had a relation with the provincial outbreak, and many patients had not been found out even a precise research in the early period. The serum transaminase evaluation was found out to be effective in early research. Though in the group which was thought to be normal, sometimes, presented some patients following the progress of the epidemic, it may be recommended to consider those who showed S-GPT higher than 50(Karmen unit) would be abnormal.
著者
斎藤 達郎
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.5, pp.649-669,A41, 1959 (Released:2010-11-19)
参考文献数
27

Shimoheii district, located in northern part of Japan, isolated from civilization by the high mountains and left in poverty, is known as “a Tibet of Japan”.The inhabitants in these area appear in the Japanese history as barbarians called “the Ezo” and some say that the district is one of the dwelling places of “Ainos” (the natives in northern part of Japan).The relation between the two is still the inconclusive subject.The present report is based on the biometric survey, conducted at Shimoheii district, in August, 1958, for 510 healthy male adults, from 20-50 years of age, of the families residing for more than three generations there.The synthetical comparison through the biometric records with people in other districts revealed that the inhabitants in this district have the close affinity to people in Bichu, Northern Shinshu and Kai districts and slight one to those in Echu district, North Korea and Ainos in Hokkaido.It is considered that the “Ezo” is not the name for the different race but the uncivilized tribe, and it has little relation with Ainos.
著者
多田 千代
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.5, pp.170-183, 1979 (Released:2011-10-21)
参考文献数
115

It is the purpose of this report to inform you the general state of the research of Japanese bed from the viewpoints of health. 1) The course of time in microclimate inside of the bed and skin temperatures distribution in sleep adequate to keep comfortable sleep were determined. 2) The weight distribution of mattresses and bedclothes which are being used at various places in Japan, were investigated. 3) Physical properties of nonhygroscopic mattresses and bedclothes which were developed one after the other owing to new techniques were tested in relation to the comfort and function in case of usage. 4) Recent research on bed has entered into a new-stage. The studies improving the recovery of functions in the brain and body during the sleep by the use of better mattress has become the central parts of interest.
著者
戸部 秀之
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.4, pp.158-167, 1993-07-30 (Released:2011-10-21)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
2 1

The monthly body weight data of school children in different regions, the school A in urban area of Tokyo, the school B and C in rural areas of Gunma and Tochigi prefectures, were investigated in order to compare the regional patterns of seasonal variation in weight growth. The seasonal factors of each region and those of each children were calculated by a time-series analysis. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In all regional groups, the highly significant seasonality (p<0.0001) were observed. The seasonal patterns of low in summer, especially in July, were the same in all regional groups. However, the months in which the high values appeared were different among the groups. The amplitudes of seasonal variation were smaller in the children of school A than in the children of school B or C. 2) From the analysis of the seasonal patterns of each child, the minimum values in seasonal factor appeared in July in many children, and it was remarkable in the children of school B and C. 3) The effects of months on variation in weight growth were different between sexes, from the fact that the F-values in the stable seasonality test were much higher in boys than in girls.
著者
守山 正樹 鈴木 継美
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.1-2, pp.13-25, 1973 (Released:2011-10-21)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
1

The gap between the accerelated physical growth and the stayed or relatively delayed mental development has become common in many countries. In this sense, the study on sexual maturation has to cover not only the physical but also the mental aspects. Age at menarche, the knowledge of sexual phenomena, and the behavioural pattern at counselling of sexual problems were the content of questionnaire. The subjects were girl students at Eiwa Junior and Senior High School in Yamanashi Prefecture. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Age at menarche has become younger annually. (2) Psychological reaction toward menarche differed dependent upon the age at it. (3) After menarche, students became more conscious to sexual phenomena, and tended to select persons other than parent as the counseller. (4) The amount of knowledge on sexual phenomena increased with the chronological age, but the understanding of underlying mechanism did not show a simply increasing pattern. (5) The age at menarche and the feeling invited by the menarche seemed to influence the increase of knowledge and the deepening of understanding. (6) By the content analysis of the answer to questionnaire, the development in intelligence was supposed to relate closely to the advancement of knowledge on sexual matters.
著者
水野 徳美 岡本 学 有泉 誠 野原 聖一 岡田 晃
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.4, pp.158-164, 1978 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
8

Shiramine is an isolated mountain village located in Ishikawa prefecture. The study was done to find the relationship of the geographical distribution of marriage on traffic development and other factors. The results were as follows. 1) The rates of marriages between the same villagers about 80% showed little change from 1868 to 1925. After 1926 they decreased slowly, and after 1955 they markedly decreased. 2) The spread of the geographical distribution of marriages took about thirty years after traffic development. And it was almost in parallel with the spread of newspapers and telephones from 1955 to 1965. 3) In Kuwajima district of Shiramine village there is a high rate of marriage between the same villagers, while in Shiramine distrct there is a low rate of marriage between the same villagers. It meant that Shiramine and Kuwajima district people did not marry with each other. But after 1955 when marriages between the same villagers decreased, marriages between the same district residents also decreased rapidly after 1971. The two district people then began to marry with each other after 1971. 4) The geographical distribution of marriage of old traditional well established families expanded earlier than the poor working class.
著者
松山 恒明 飯野 正光 竹本 泰一郎 鈴木 継美
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.2, pp.62-68, 1979 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
12

The record of family registration of 776 couples who were legally registered(HONSEKI) in Sendai city were analyzed. The couples whose grooms were born in 1926 and later who had got married between 1945 to 1974 in first marriage and who had at least two children were randomly selected from a regional frame in Sendai city. The period between the date of registration of wedding and that of notification of birth of first child is determined by the duration of de facto but not de jure marriage (NAIEN). In Japan the period of temporary informal marriage tended to be prolonged in many couples, keeping under the juridical and customary restraint, before the new civil law enacted 1948. The period between the date of registration of wedding and that of notification of birth of first child is determined by the duration of de facto but not de jure marriage (NAIEN). In Japan the period of temporary informal marriage tended to be prolonged in many couples, keeping under the juridical and customary restraint, before the new civil law enacted 1948. Though the majority of our samples had got married after the establishment of the law, some of them might do all that were required by the conventionalities. Under these social circumstances, our results of survey are as follows: 1) The intervals between date of registration of wedding and occurence of birth of first child of two age groups were compared with cumulative percentage of duration. The interval from registration of marriage to birth of the first child was shorter for the couples whose grooms were under age 25 at the time of wedding than those whosegrooms were age 25 and over throughout the observation periods. 2) When the couples were classified by the periods, 1945-54, 1955-64, 1965-74 of their date of registration of wedding, the said intervals had been prolonged through the descent periods successively. 3) In the form of notification of birth, it is requested to fill up the date of start of cohabitation. With the view of comparing the length of informal marriage, 352 notifications of first birth in 1974 were examined. Parents of these children were dwellers in Sendai city, and their fathers were born in 1926 and later. It was shown that the intervals from the beginning of cohabitation to birth in these 352 couples were longer than the intervals derived from the couples of legal registration(HONSEKI)