著者

川端 裕人

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.165-182, 2022-09-30 (Released:2022-10-26)

参考文献数

38

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In the 20th century, people with congenital color vision deficiency (CVD) were subjected to eugenic ideology and suffered genetic discrimination in Japan. This paper first suggests the involvement of science (so-called eugenics) and medicine (ophthalmology) in the background.The Japanese Society of Race Hygiene, founded in 1930, was keen to introduce eugenics into Japan and they used CVD as a prime example when promoting their idea. One reason was that CVD could be easily detected by the Ishihara plates developed by a Japanese ophthalmologist, and screening tests for all children were already being conducted nationwide. The Society have parted ways with eugenics since 1958. Epidemiology and public health thinking played a major role in their change of policy.Japanese genetic scientists in the 21st century, reflecting on the past, argued that it is more appropriate to understand CVD as a “normal” genetic polymorphism rather than an “abnormality”. Based on this idea, they proposed the concept of “color vision diversity”.However, even now, Japanese society has not dispelled the notion that CVD is genetically inferior. One reason is that ophthalmologists, who are considered authorities on color vision, cling to the idea that CVD is abnormal. Redesign of testing and diagnosis is also important, as studies have accumulated showing that testing with the Ishihara plates is not accurate. Evidence-based epidemiology and public health approaches may be useful here as well.

著者

日本健康学会理事会

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.4, pp.i-vi, 2019-07-31 (Released:2019-08-23)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

中澤 港

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.3, pp.97-99, 2021-05-31 (Released:2021-06-21)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

著者

廣嶋 清志

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.231-241, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-11-02)

参考文献数

43

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The population policies in post-war Japan are argued dividing the period into four. The first period from 1945 to 1959 was the period of so-called over-population when the policies were implemented based on the legislation of Eugenic Protection Law where abortions were legally permitted and favored over contraception to protect the mothers’ health and eugenics, which is based on the idea of counter-selection. The second period from 1960 to 1971 was the period in which the policy of population quality was implemented when the birth rate was thought to be low enough. The third period was the one from 1972 to 1976 when the over-population was argued again and the movement to restrict population growth was promoted while the IUD was officially permitted. The fourth period is from 1977 to the present when the pronatalist policy has been advocated according to the decline of fertility under the replacement level. The development of the implementation of the policy can be articulated into three steps; first: the recognition of the main cause of the fertility decline as the decline of marriage rate, second: the recognition of the cause of the decline of marriage rate as the unfavorable economic situation of younger generation, third: the implementation of policies to attenuate the economic situation of the generation. These steps were gradually taken though the third step has just begun in the 21st century and yet to be virtually effective.

著者

水野 昌美 中尾 優子

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.4, pp.150-159, 2022-07-31 (Released:2022-10-21)

参考文献数

38

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Unlike the conventional parent-led weaning, baby-led weaning (hereafter referred to as BLW) is an approach that proposes harnessing the babies' own eating abilities by allowing them to choose what they want to eat based on their interests, and eat at their own pace. BLW is currently gaining ground around the world. Interestingly, in Japan, a book on BLW was translated into Japanese in 2019. Based on foreign literature, there is a possibility that BLW may lead to iron and zinc deficiencies compared to conventional weaning; however, there was no significant difference in choking risk. Benefits such as less food pickiness and less worry about becoming overweight due to self-regulating eating as a satiety response were identified. Overseas, based on the results of BLW and TW (traditional weaning) research, weaning methods for infants are being considered. In the future, while paying attention to safety issues such as choking, we will devise ways to proceed with weaning in consideration of the Japanese diet, and will promptly accumulate BLW research from related fields in Japan. We believe that this would influence the practice of BLW in Japan and its subsequent dissemination.

著者

中澤 港

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.5, pp.209-213, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-29)

参考文献数

11

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When we apply the perspective of human ecology, in which the human-ecosystem is considered as the interrelationships between human-being and environments mediated by language, social organization and technology, the infectious diseases can be considered as an aspect of the apparent effects on human population by pathogens, as one of the components of biological environments.The type of infectious diseases is related with the lifestyle and the population size, which have changed with the beginning of settled farming and the establishment of cities.The applicable technology to infectious diseases includes the vaccination and the treatment with specific drugs, but those are unavailable during the early stage of pandemic. The spread of emerging infectious diseases accelerated by globalization and population ageing have made the current world more vulnerable. Until the successful technology development, the applicable measures are only non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) including lockdown and behavioral changes.When we look back how the human society tackled COVID-19 pandemic, the early establishment of pathogen identification and confirmatory diagnostic method was the technological advantage compared with previous pandemics. However, the fact that only a part of COVID-19 becomes symptomatic and the high infectiousness during asymptomatic or presymptomatic period made it difficult to prevent the spread over the borders. Since the IHR2005 has to minimize the effect of control measures on global trade and transportation, most developed countries have chosen to keep economic activities including global trade and transportation, which lead to exponential increase of new cases, resulted in overwhelmed health care system with high mortality. Highly effective vaccines have been developed very fast, but combination with NPIs is still necessary for successful suppression.

著者

逢見 憲一

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.209-223, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-11-02)

参考文献数

45

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We overviewed a series of studies on life tables and infant mortality in pre-WWII Korea under imperial Japan conducted by Haruo Mizushima, who have studied life tables as a professor of hygiene at Keijo Imperial University.Mizushima et al. recognized that there was a problem with the accuracy of infant mortality in Koreans from the perspective of multifaceted demographic issues, also recognized of the “new vital statistics” in Korea after 1938 (Showa 13). However, he had still doubted the accuracy of infant mortality in Koreans as a demographic expert.In addition, the results of their research were shared by demographic experts even after World War II, and new estimates and research were made based on them.

著者

入口 敦志

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.14-17, 2019

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<p>Publications became popular during the Edo period. Knowledge of health spread through the publication of books on health. "Publication of longevity" which is the first publication of the Edo period was published many times through the Edo period. I will pursue what "penetration for longevity" changed notation, change its form, change the title, permeating among the common people.</p>

著者

山田 紀代美

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.60-67, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-04-18)

参考文献数

25

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This study clarified concerns and difficulties related to communication and involvement experienced by spouses of older people with hearing loss.The study subjects were 11 spouses of older people with hearing loss (5 men, 6 women). We interviewed spouses about communication-related difficulties and concerns of older people with hearing loss. The following results were obtained. The pure-tone hearing level of good hearing ears of these spouses (77.7±4.3 years old) was 20.6±9.5 dB. The age of the elderly with hearing loss was 78.5 ± 4.0 years, of which 6 were diagnosed with Hearing loss. We classified the spouses' communication experiences with older people with hearing loss into 6 categories: “Dissatisfaction with volume settings based on the standards for older people with hearing loss,” “Requests for conversations based on what older people with hearing loss understand,” “Sympathy for hearing difficulties,” “Consideration for neighbors,” “Acceptance of hearing loss as a sign of old age,” and “Distant relationships with older people with hearing loss.”Since the number of older couple households is expected to increase in the future, it is suggested that it is necessary to support not only the older people with hearing loss but also their spouses.

著者

横山 尊

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.4, pp.139-160, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-08-31)

参考文献数

70

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This paper tries to provide precise understanding of the historical background and current status of prenatal diagnosis from the standpoint of historical studies of Japanese eugenics. SectionⅠargues that the prototype of the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling in the modern era were not sterilization laws such as the 1940 National Eugenic Law and the 1948 Eugenic Protection Law, but rather eugenic marriage and genetic counseling in the prewar era. SectionⅡdiscusses the status of the argument about abortion for fetal abnormality, amniotic diagnosis, and genetic counseling. Especially, this paper relativizes the stereotypes generated by the disability rights and women’s liberation movements, and tries to understand trends in prenatal diagnosis by utilizing oral histories from the Fukuoka area. Moreover, this paper stresses that the existence of voluntary eugenics has been wrongfully neglected in the historical studies of eugenics in Japan, and that the introduction of amniotic diagnosis in the 1970s should be included in that consideration. Taking cognizance of the above factors, this paper tries to situate prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling within the history of eugenics, while at the same time looking ahead to a better understanding of the history and current state of prenatal diagnosis and eugenics.

著者

逢見 憲一

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.47-64, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-04-15)

参考文献数

78

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We calculated age structure of long term elongation in life expectancy using Japanese life tables, mainly complete life tables and complementarily abridged life tables, examined quantitatively the role of medicine and public health.The life expectancy of modern Japan has been achieved by nearly 50% before the 1950s in which anti-tuberculous drugs etc. are wide-spread, and achieved by 60% or more before the universal health insurance coverage and national health promotion projects, just as Thomas McKeown has pointed out, known as “McKeown Thesis”.The rate of decrease in mortality rate and extension of life expectancy from before World War II until the middle of the 20th century has hardly changed after the spread of effective medical technology such as anti-tuberculosis drugs etc. This suggests that the mortality rate declined consistently from before and throughout World War II, and as well as the decrease in mortality rate and average life expectancy after the spread of effective medical technology such as anti-tuberculosis drugs etc. Thus, the decrease in the mortality rate and the extension of the life expectancy after the spread of effective medical technology, it was not much greater than the reduction of the mortality before the spread of medical technology.Looking at these findings, the role of the modern medicine and public health after the mid-20th century should be, based on the mortality rate achieved before the mid-20th century, to maintain and to improve the level of mortality.

著者

佐藤 龍三郎

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.242-254, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-11-02)

参考文献数

78

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”Demographic transition” is one of the most important concepts in understanding the modern history of population and health. The modernization of nations progressed as a drastic demographic shift occurred from a regime of high fertility and high mortality to that of low fertility and low mortality. Considering the long-term demographic changes, the paper presents a brief history of population thought from Malthusian theory at the end of the 18th century to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the early 21st century. Malthus’ theory of population implied that living things have a prolific nature, although this idea was considered dangerous and not clearly stated at the time. It promoted the emergence of birth control movements and enabled Darwin to complete and publish his theory of evolution. Malthus, who pioneered the modern era, emphasized the contrast between population growth and food shortage. We, standing at the demise of the modern era, face new challenges, such as global resource constraints and environmental concerns, population aging to an unprecedented degree, coexistence of populations with still high and very low fertility, and new tides of international migration. The SDGs do not explicitly mention population trends, but the majority of the goals are substantially related to population and health.

著者

浦山 きか

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.18-29, 2019-01-31 (Released:2019-02-25)

参考文献数

14

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Ishimpo is a medical book edited by Tamba, Yasurori, in Heian Period of Japan.It is different in construction from Chinese traditional medical books, which first describe diseases due to natural phenomena, second ones related to the viscera, and finally ones seen at various sites of the body.In contrast, what becomes problematic in the construction of Ishimpo is that acupuncture and moxibustion are placed in the second volume, that stone drugs, a life nurturing skill of Taoism, is not included in the life nurturing volumes, and how to interpret a disease of “fatigue of deficiency type”. As we investigated the answers of the problems, we could understand that Ishimpo emphasized acupuncture and moxibustion and that the interpretation of “fatigue” was limited and also show the essential points of life nurturing ideas in Ishimpo.In conclusion, Ishimpo considers diet therapy the most important in life nurturing. Therefore, in Ishimpo’s life nurturing ideas, recreating “five viscera” leads to reviving not only the body but also “spirit and vitality” and “Qi”, which is thought to be the very curing. Also, Ishimpo may suggest that they explored more realistic and Japanese-style life nurturing.

著者

丸山 マサ美

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.224-230, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-11-02)

参考文献数

8

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Aim: I investigated materials related to this case that were held in the U.S., and I explored reconsidering the case as a bioethical issue. Methods: For a 2012 Scientific Research Project (Theme: Research on Historical Documents at Kyushu University School of Medicine (Theme No.23650563) ), I conducted an overseas investigation of the Kyushu University Vivisection Case in December 2014 after completing a preliminary study in Japan. Results: On 25 December 2014, in the abovementioned U.S archives, I discovered unpublished materials written by Fukujiro Ishiyama,“Professor” in the First Department of Surgery of Kyushu Imperial University. These materials have since been published in a textbook and utilized for bioethics education. Conclusion: The Great Fukuoka Air Raid occurred in 1945, at the end of the Pacific War. Eight POWs who had been on board a U.S. Army B-29 bomber were subjected to “experimental surgeries” under the Japanese Western District Army at the Department of Anatomy of the Kyushu University School of Medicine. This resulted in the deaths of all the POWs in the so-called “Kyushu University Vivisection Case.” For a long time, the university has regarded this case as negative history and as taboo. The incident seemed to have been planned by Dr. H. Komori, an army physician, who held the key to the case and is said to have committed “a horrible and inhumane act.” The discovery of the new materials, however, has made the case a bioethics issue that involves the Code of Conduct for Medical Professionals. Significantly, the discovery has presented an opportunity for the issue to be reconsidered from an interdisciplinary perspective.

著者

田所 聖志

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.6, pp.187-197, 2018-11-30 (Released:2018-12-28)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

著者

岩間 眞知子

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.30-42, 2019-01-31 (Released:2019-02-25)

参考文献数

48

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Health care is about leading a healthy live style and avoiding getting sick.Eisai, the Japanese monk from medieval times, claimed in Kissa Yojoki (“Notes on Tea and Health Care”) that “Tea is the best medicine for longevity.”Longevity depends on both physical and psychological care. Not only does tea provide many good nutrients for the body, but it also offers social interaction between people. In addition, it enhances one’s creativity and appreciation of art. In this way, tea has existed with mankind for over 2000 years, providing a good physical as well as psychological influence. One could even say that the meaning of tea and health care comes from selecting suitable teas to enjoy in different states of health and with different foods.

著者

德元 裕子 豊里 竹彦 眞榮城 千夏子 平安名 由美子 遠藤 由美子 照屋 典子 玉城 陽子 髙原 美鈴 與古田 孝夫

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.3-11, 2018-01-31 (Released:2018-02-16)

参考文献数

40

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Objective: This study aimed to clarify the association between sense of filial responsibility, local residents’ subjective economic status, and attachment to the local community, and to contribute to local community policies and measures including support systems for elderly in need of care and family.Methods: We conducted in-home interviews in 2015 in Okinawa, Japan. A total of 2,663 local residents were selected, and after invalid responses were excluded, 1,656 responses (62.2%) were analyzed. Participants were asked about demographic variables (sex, age, marital status, birth order, subjective health, living arrangement), subjective economic status, attachment to the local community, and sense of filial responsibility (such as caring for and supporting their elderly parents).Results: Age, marital status, birth order, and attachment to the local community were positively associated with sense of filial responsibility. Participants with low subjective economic status had low sense of filial responsibility. Even if subjective economic status was low, participants with high attachment to the local community had significantly high sense of filial responsibility. Moreover, participants with high attachment to the local community provided and received more instrumental support than participants with low attachment to the local community.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high attachment to the local community can form a support system in local areas, and that support systems in turn help local residents when they support their parents. In light of these findings, measures for creating networks between local residents, as well as improvement of the physical environment, are necessary for local community planning.

著者

山内 太郎

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.6, pp.174-183, 2017-11-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 2

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Childhood obesity and physical fitness are increasing and decreasing among children in developed countries, respectively; this has become an international social problem. Recently, this tendency has appeared in the Asian region, particularly among urban-dwelling children in locations experiencing rapid economic development. After the Second World War, Japan experienced the earliest economic development in Asia; this led to intergenerational changes in body size and physical fitness among Japanese children. Japanese children’s current physical status may thus predict that of children in other Asian countries.We reviewed Japanese children’s physical fitness and anthropometric data using nationally repre sentative surveys and comparing generations (e.g., grandparents vs. parents vs. children) to exam ine secular trends. As expected, currently, children are taller and heavier than parent-aged individu als were at the same age and the prevalence of obesity increased compared with 30 years ago.Nonetheless, during the past decade, body weight and obesity have decreased. Current children are less physically fit than their parents’ generation was at the same age. Additionally, school nurses and PE teachers are increasingly reporting lifestyle-related diseases, injuries of the head and face, frac tures, and decreasing muscle strength among school children.Finally, we present a small-scale study of lifestyle and behavior patterns among hunter-gatherer children living in African tropical forests and discuss ways to prevent child obesity and improve chil dren’s physical fitness and health.

著者

林 玲子

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.4, pp.109-110, 2023-07-31 (Released:2023-08-30)

参考文献数

8

著者

野田 孝子 坂上 真理 仙石 泰仁

出版者

日本健康学会

雑誌

日本健康学会誌 (ISSN:24326712)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.3, pp.100-112, 2021-05-31 (Released:2021-06-21)

参考文献数

31

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Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by social communication difficulties, as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests including those resulting from hyper- or hypoactive sensory input. The characteristics of the symptoms of females with ASD are not well-studied since the previous studies were conducted mainly on males with ASD. In particular, it is unclear how women’s menstruation and psychosomatic symptoms may influence the daily living activities of females with ASD, when they co-occur with their ASD symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ASD symptoms and premenstrual symptoms on daily living activities in women with ASD based on the patients’ own experience.[Methods] We conducted semi-structured interviews on seven women with ASD and analyzed the changes in psychosomatic symptoms experienced before menstruation and their effects on daily living activities using a qualitative descriptive research method.[Results] Based on the analysis, the following three categories were elucidated: “premenstrual symptoms that become more severe due to the enhancement and appearance of hyperesthesia,” “difficulty in daily living caused by worsening of premenstrual symptoms,” and “self-management ability in symptomatic treatment and life improvement.”[Conclusion] Before menstruation, women with ASD experienced a unique physical disorder due to hyperesthesia, a characteristic of disability. These affected daily and social activities, causing difficulty in their lives. It was revealed that the subjects had created a way of dealing with premenstrual symptoms by their own ingenuity and advancing their self-understanding; however, they wanted to be better understood by people around them.