著者
白 玉冬
出版者
内陸アジア史学会
雑誌
内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, pp.85-107, 2011-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

The "Nine Tatars" and the "Thirty Tatars" are tribal names mentioned in ancient Turkic runic inscriptions. However, the relationship between the two is not clear. The "Thirty Tatars" are identified in Chinese historical documents as Shiwei (室韋). A comparative analysis of Chinese sources, ancient Turkic runic inscriptions, and document P.T.1283 found in Dunhuang allows us to conclude that the Jue (鞠) in the Chinese sources correspond to the Cik tribe in the Turkic runic inscriptions and that they resided in the upper reaches of the Kern River. In the mid-8th century, one of the Shiwei tribal groups migrated to the middle reaches of the Selenge River, while another, the Yuzhe (兪折), migrated to the area between lakes Khubsugul and Baikal. These tribal groups of the Shiwei can be identified as the Khe-rged tribes and the seven tribes of Ye-dre mentioned in document P.T.1283, and at the same time as the "Thirty Tatars". As for the name of the tribal group, the "Thirty Tatars", this was in use during the period from the Second Eastern Turkic Khaganate till the Uyghur Khaganate. Under the Tang Dynasty, the notion of the "Thirty Tatars" referred to the Shiwei, which comprised of 26 to 27 tribes. And the "Nine Tatars" referred to a part of the "Thirty Tatars".
著者
青木 雅浩
出版者
内陸アジア史学会
雑誌
内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.97-119, 2010-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

The political turmoil in Outer Mongolia in the summer of 1924-the purge of S. DANZAN-is undoubtedly one of the most important events in the modern history of Mongolia. This paper analyzes the critical outcome to illuminate its repercussions on the political landscape of Outer Mongolia during this period. The political struggle between A. G. STARKOV and E. RINCHINO started in 1923, after the closing of the Second Congress of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP). With the support of the Comintern's line, A. G. STARKOV promoted a policy that aimed to expel the Mongolian aristocracy (noyans) and lamas from both the Mongolian People's Government (MPG) and the MPP. However, RINCHINO proposed to extend limited cooperation to noyans and lamas as the best possible choice for Outer Mongolia in those days. This led to the year-long confrontation between A. G. STARKOV and S. DANZAN, on the one side, and RINCHINO. In the summer of 1924, RINCHINO ousted A. G. STARKOV and S. DANZAN from the political arena when the Congress of the MPP and the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League were in session. The direct cause of the turmoil in the summer of 1924 lies in the political antagonism between two influential politicians, RINCHINO and A. G. STARKOV. Close examination unveils the fact that the USSR and the Comintern tried to push forward with a policy to drive noyans and lamas out of the MPP and the MPG, a policy eventually rejected by both.
著者
小松原 ゆり
出版者
内陸アジア史学会
雑誌
内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.55-73, 2010-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

In the latter half of the eighteenth century, a new political system emerged in Tibet: the Dalai Lama became the head of the government and his four bka'blon, government ministers, organized the ministry with the support of the Qing Dynasty. Because this system is followed even today and the bka'blon have played an important role in Tibetan politics all this while, we can consider the latter half of the eighteenth century as an important period for Tibetan politics. I studied how the bka'blon were chosen and examined the relationship between Tibet and the Qing Dynasty. The three main results were as follows. First, the Qing Emperor merely ratified the bka'blon chosen by the Dalai Lama government. Second, although it has been said that the four bka'blon shared an equal status in the ministry, there did exist a political ranking system among them. Third, Bstan 'dzin dpal 'byor was chosen as a bka'blon even though he had no title. In conclusion, although it appears that the Qing Dynasty intervened in Tibetan politics, it actually permitted Tibet to rule by their own methods.
著者
額定其労
出版者
内陸アジア史学会
雑誌
内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.75-95, 2010-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

This paper delineates the style of judicial documents-from the writing format to the final appearance-of the Alasa Banner (qosiyu) in Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty, and compares them with documents of other banner's. Existing studies of public documents of the Qing Dynasty in Mongolia focus on those exchanged between government offices. They indicate that public documents have an identical physical appearance, which is the folding book type (nuyulburi bicig), and follow a common writing format. To the contrary, judicial documents prepared and preserved by respective banners have never been highlighted in any studies to date. The author characterizes the judicial documents based on four observations: (i) Alasa Banner's judicial documents are unique and maintain a rigid style; (ii) during the Qing Dynasty, local government offices of the banners in Mongolia each prepared and preserved their own judicial documents presumed to vary in writing format and appearance by banner; (iii) judicial documents, with variations in style, are different from the official government documents, which are all identical in writing format and appearance; and (iv) judicial documents and public documents share some rules in writing, such as the use of particular expressions, outdenting (擡頭), changing lines before particular words (平出), and omitting letters (闕字).
著者
河原 弥生
出版者
内陸アジア史学会
雑誌
内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.31-54, 2010-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

The purpose of this thesis is to study the process of the development of the Naqshbandiya-Mujaddidiya in the Ferghana Valley at the period of the khanate of Khoqand. It is well known that during the later history of the khanate the so-called Miyan or Sahib(-zada) shaykhs, who were the descendants of the founder of this branch, Khwaja Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624), established close relations with the rulers of the khanate and occupied higher positions in the government. However, only very fragmentary information about the development of the Naqshbandiya-Mujaddidiya in the Ferghana Valley has come down to us. In this thesis six historical documents called ijdzat-ndmas (the licenses issued by masters to their disciples), which were recently discovered in local private possessions in the Ferghana Valley, are introduced and examined in order to clarify the master-disciple relationship and, by comparing them with other historical sources, to investigate the process of the arrival of the Naqshbandiya-Mujaddidiya to the Ferghana Valley. The doctrine of the Naqshbandiya-Mujaddidiya spread over the Ferghana Valley mainly in the first half of the nineteenth century; the pivotal role in this process belonged to Khalifa Muhammad Husayn (d. 1833/34) (one of the grand-disciples of Musa-khan Dahbidi, who contributed to introduce this branch to the amirate of Bukhara) and his disciple 'Abd al-'Aziz Majdhub Namangani.