著者
中尾 央
出版者
京都大学文学部科学哲学科学史研究室
雑誌
科学哲学科学史研究 (ISSN:18839177)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.27-48, 2013-02-28

For the last three decades, the gene-centrism have been criticized not only in philosophy of biology but also in some other scientific fields. Evolutionary developmental biology, ecological developmental biology, and medicine have emphasized "epigenetics" (i.e., researches on epigenetic interactions) to explain novelties or variations of traits, and some argue that epigenetic researches are a kind of "revolution" against the gene-centrism. A stronger criticism can be found in developmental systems theory: Some advocators argue that we cannot determine the specific causes of trait formation, and that the gene-centrism is cleary wrong. This article focuses on researches on genomic information especially in medicine and argues that we should distinguish between empirical and methodological gene-centrism, and the latter can be still defended. Actually there have been discovered many statistically relevant genes for some specific diseases especially in genome-wide association studies, and they promote further epigenetic or developmental studies, suggesting that methodological gene-centrism is useful in these cases.
著者
川本 淳平
雑誌
Computer Security Symposium 2013
巻号頁・発行日
2013-10

Computer Security Symposium 2013 (CSS2013) will be held at Kagawa International Conference Hall and Sunport Hall Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan, in October 21st - 23rd, 2013.
著者
星野 豊
出版者
筑波法政学会
雑誌
筑波法政 (ISSN:21880751)
巻号頁・発行日
no.56, pp.37-50, 2013-10
著者
Yamaoka Yuuki Taniguchi Yuki Yasuzuka Syuma Yamamura Yasuhisa Saito Kazuya
出版者
American Institute of Physics
雑誌
The journal of chemical physics (ISSN:00219606)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.135, no.4, pp.044705, 2011-07
被引用文献数
30 12

Quasi-binary (QB) picture of thermotropics, which regards a neat thermotropic liquid crystal as a binary system consisting of (semi)rigid core and molten alkyl chain, was assessed experimentally for the most famous (and representative) thermotropic mesogenic series nCB. By adding n-heptane as solvent, the smectic A phase was induced in 7CB–n-heptane system. Small angle x-ray diffraction showed that the QB picture holds not only in the phase behavior but also in the structure. It is suggested that the melting of 8CB and 9CB to isotropic liquid via smectic and nematic liquid crystals can be understood as a thermotropic–lyotropic crossover.
著者
Sha Sha Vong Long Binh Chonpathompikunlert Pennapa Yoshitomi Toru Matsui Hirofumi Nagasaki Yukio
出版者
Elsevier
雑誌
Biomaterials (ISSN:01429612)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.33, pp.8393-8400, 2013-11
被引用文献数
47 5

Patients regularly taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin (IND) have a risk of small intestinal injuries. In this study, we have developed an oral nanotherapeutics by using a redox nanoparticle (RNPO), which is prepared by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that possesses nitroxide radicals as side chains of hydrophobic segment via ether linkage, to reduce inflammation in mice with IND-induced small intestinal injury. The localization and accumulation of RNPO in the small intestine were determined using fluorescent-labeled RNPO and electron spin resonance. After oral administration, the accumulation of RNPO in both the jejunum and ileum tissues was about 40 times higher than those of low-molecular-weight nitroxide radical compounds, and RNPO was not absorbed into the bloodstream via the mesentery, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of nitroxide radicals in the entire body. RNPO remarkably suppressed inflammatory mediators such as myeloperoxidase, superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde in the small intestines of IND-treated mice. Compared to low-molecular-weight nitroxide radical compounds, RNPO also significantly increased the survival rate of mice treated daily with IND. On the basis of these results, RNPO is promising as a nanotherapeutics for treatment of inflammation in the small intestine of patients receiving NSAIDs.