2 0 0 0 OA SELEX-Based Screening of Exosome-Tropic RNA
- 著者
- Takuma Yamashita Haruka Shinotsuka Yuki Takahashi Kana Kato Makiya Nishikawa Yoshinobu Takakura
- 出版者
- The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.40, no.12, pp.2140-2145, 2017-12-01 (Released:2017-12-01)
- 参考文献数
- 23
- 被引用文献数
- 9
Cell-derived nanosized vesicles or exosomes are expected to become delivery carriers for functional RNAs, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA). A method to efficiently load functional RNAs into exosomes is required for the development of exosome-based delivery carriers of functional RNAs. However, there is no method to find exosome-tropic exogenous RNA sequences. In this study, we used a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method to screen exosome-tropic RNAs that can be used to load functional RNAs into exosomes by conjugation. Pooled single stranded 80-base RNAs, each of which contains a randomized 40-base sequence, were transfected into B16-BL6 murine melanoma cells and exosomes were collected from the cells. RNAs extracted from the exosomes were subjected to next round of SELEX. Cloning and sequencing of RNAs in SELEX-screened RNA pools showed that 29 of 56 clones had a typical RNA sequence. The sequence found by SELEX was enriched in exosomes after transfection to B16-BL6 cells. The results show that the SELEX-based method can be used for screening of exosome-tropic RNAs.
2 0 0 0 IR 祭祀における皇后の役割とその変化
- 著者
- 土田 可奈
- 出版者
- 新潟大学
- 雑誌
- 現代社会文化研究 (ISSN:13458485)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.25, pp.39_a-21_a, 2002-11
弘仁十一年格縮小了由皇后主持的祭祀儀式的範囲。也就是,嵯峨天皇之後,原来由皇后主持的祭祀有一些改為由天皇自己親自主持。此変化従「延喜式」的分析論証可以得到証明。而且,嵯峨天皇以前,皇后与天皇共同挙行祭祀儀式(天皇皇后親祭祭祀),這一現象的背景是可以理解為天皇皇后的聖婚意識的強大作用。嵯峨天皇的時代,由于薬子之変的発生天皇的権力被加強,以此皇后変的只負担作為妻子的義務。除此之外,当然還有立後儀式的変化,宮廷唐風化,内里変化等要素的影響。
- 著者
- 佐藤 曉
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本特殊教育学会
- 雑誌
- 特殊教育学研究 (ISSN:03873374)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.34, no.5, pp.23-28, 1997-03-31 (Released:2017-07-28)
- 被引用文献数
- 1
本研究は、漢字書字に困難を示した学習障害児における漢字の書字指導と学習過程を分析した。その結果、漢字形態の構成要素を視覚的に分節化してとらえることやそれらを空間的に配列する構成行為のまずさが、漢字視写の困難をもたらしていることが示された。これに対し、漢字を構成する十の要素(宮下,1989)に注目して漢字の形態をとらえさせるとともにこれらの要素の運筆技能を習得させたところ、漠字視写や直接練習の対象としなかったかな書字に大きな改善が見られた。一方、漢字の書き取りの困難は、視覚的な記憶の問題と深い関わりがあることが示唆された。そこで、漢字一つ一つについて構成要素を言語化させることによって視覚的記憶のまずさを補ったところ、書き取りの成績が向上した。さらに、書き誤りの多い漢字については、書字過程におけるメタ認知やモニター機能(海保・野村,1983)に着眼して指導することによって、書字の誤りが軽減された。
- 著者
- Akihiro KUROSHIMA Masashi KURAHASHI Katsuhiko DOI Tomie OHNO Ikuko FUJITA
- 出版者
- PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
- 雑誌
- The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.24, no.3, pp.277-292, 1974 (Released:2011-06-07)
- 参考文献数
- 23
- 被引用文献数
- 9 14
Effects of cold adaptation and high-fat diet on the metabolic responses as well as cold resistance to acute cold exposure were investigated in rats with emphasis on elucidating the mechanism underlying the favorable effect of high-fat diet in a cold environment previously reported.An increment in body weight was greater in rats on a high-fat diet and smaller in cold-adapted rats than in control rats. However, food intake was significantly greater in cold-adapted rats. Daily urine volume and urinary nitrogen excretion increased in cold-adapted rats, but did not change in rats on a high-fat diet. The high-fat diet caused higher bloodfree fatty acid (FFA) and ketone body concentrations, and lower urinary excretion of ketone bodies. Urinary vanilmandelic acid excretion was significantly elevated in cold-adapted rats, while it was lower in rats fed a high-fat diet as compared with that in control rats. This result suggests an increased sympathetic activity in cold-adapted rats and a rather suppressed activity in rats on a high-fat diet.The fall in the colonic temperature due to cold exposure for the period of time up to four hours was significantly less in cold-adapted rats, but did not differ in animals fed a high-fat diet from that in control rats. This result signifies that there is no significant difference in cold resistance between control rats and rats on a high-fat diet. Blood FFA level as well as blood ketone body level was significantly raised in all experimental groups in response to cold exposure. It was observed, however, that an increment in blood FFA concentration was less in cold-adapted rats. The degree of increase in blood FFA became greater with length of exposure to the cold. Blood glucose concentration was significantly elevated in cold-adapted rats after an eighty minutes exposure to the cold, but did not vary in control rats and rats on a high-fat diet. Four hours after the cold exposure the blood glucose level was significantly decreased in all groups as compared with that at 25°C.There was a significant correlation between the blood FFA and ketone body concentrations on the whole data before and after cold exposure in all groups. Regression coefficient between blood compositions was significantly greater in rats fed a high-fat diet than in control and coldadapted rats. It was also shown that there was an inverse correlation between the blood glucose and FFA levels after cold exposure. Furthermore, lessened falling of colonic temperature due to cold exposure was significantly associated with less variations in the blood FFA and glucose levels concomitantly determined in control and cold-adapted rats and this tendency was strongly documented in cold-adapted rats.The present results indicate that the prolonged cold exposure increases the cold resistance to acute cold exposure, while the high-fat diet feeding may not be necessarily favorable to the cold resistance, although a high-fat diet causes certain metabolic changes, suggesting a favorable effect to some extent.
2 0 0 0 忍者遊びの流行と子どもへの影響
- 著者
- 横田 弘之
- 出版者
- 青少年問題研究会
- 雑誌
- 青少年問題 (ISSN:09124632)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.11, no.12, pp.59-62, 1964-12
2 0 0 0 OA [本草鳥獣魚貝図譜]
2 0 0 0 OA タスクオプションを考慮したリスク評価モデルによる設計開発プロジェクトの最適計画法
- 著者
- 野間口 大 董 春祉 堀之内 貴大 藤田 喜久雄
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本機械学会
- 雑誌
- 日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.83, no.854, pp.17-00167-17-00167, 2017 (Released:2017-10-25)
- 参考文献数
- 18
The product design project includes many uncertainties. It causes risk that a project target cannot be accompolished within lead time. In order to flexibly handle the uncertainty and avoid the risk, adaptive planning that can switch easily to another plan by preparing options for a task is needed. When a challenging design alternative is difficult to be accompolished, a project manager should decide either to continue the design taking a risk or to switch to a conservative alternative disliking a risk. This paper proposes a new optimization-based project planning method that aims at a Pareto-optimal of the potential technical performane of designed product and a project failure risk. A task option model is employed for risk assesment of option-based project management. As its planning includes a number of various design variables and various evaluation indices, in order to solve such a complicated problem with a reasonable computation cost, this research separates the optimization problem into two phases, i.e., (i) defining of process architecture and organization structure and (ii) scheduling of resource allocation into activities. This paper demonstrates its application to a student formula design project. A proposed optimization method facilitates a project manager to explore various process plans with assessing their risks.
2 0 0 0 OA 宮崎県穀物検査成績
- 著者
- 宮崎県農産物検査所 編
- 出版者
- 宮崎県農産物検査所
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.第31報(昭和16年度), 1944