6 0 0 0 OA サクラエビ不漁の原因についての仮説の検証
- 著者
- 大森 信
- 出版者
- 日本プランクトン学会
- 雑誌
- 日本プランクトン学会報 (ISSN:03878961)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.69, no.1, pp.25-33, 2022-02-25 (Released:2022-03-06)
- 参考文献数
- 17
The sakura-ebi [Lucensosergia lucens (Hansen, 1922)] fishery in Suruga Bay, Japan, sharply declined in 2018 and has not yet recovered (140 tons was reported for the spring catch in 2021). I have proposed two causal hypotheses to explain the slump:1) a decline in the spawning population in the inner area of the bay due to excessive fishing in the spring season and a shift in the spawning peak from early summer to late summer-autumn, and 2) a decline in biological productivity in the inner and western area of the bay after the 1980s due to recent coastal development and environmental deterioration. A delay in the spawning peak may causes a shift in the main spawning area from the inner area to the western area of the bay.Test the first hypothesis; we performed numerical experiments to investigate the transport processes of eggs and larvae of L. lucens in Suruga Bay, focusing on the physical effects of the current with a different peak in the spawning season and in the area using the particle tracing method. Particles regarded as eggs and early larvae were passively transported in flow fields for 1 month after being deployed at three locations: a) off the mouth of the Fuji River, the inner area, b) off the mouth of the Abe River, the western area, and c) off the mouth of the Oi River, in the southwestern area. The particles were tracked by two ocean circulation models using simplified hydrographic conditions in September 2007 and with predicted and real observations of current flow from 1 June to 1 October, 2020.In the first experiment, using simplified conditions without considering the effect of the Kuroshio current, approximately half of the particles deployed in the 0–24 m layer off the mouth of the Fuji River remained in the inner area of the bay after 1 month. Nearly 90% of the particles remained in the bay. However, only 22% of the particles deployed off the mouth of the Abe River and less than 10% deployed off the mouth of the Oi River remained in the bay after 1 month. In the case where the particles were deployed in the 24–60 m layer off the mouth of the Fuji River, 100% remained in the bay. In the second experiment with predicted and real observations of the current flow, 54% of the particles that were deployed off the mouth of the Fuji River remained in the bay, whereas only 23% from off the mouth of the Abe River and 15% from off the mouth of the Oi River remained in the bay after 1 month. In Sagami Bay, 76% of the particles that were deployed in the 25–45 m layer off the mouth of the Sakawa River were run out from the bay after 1 month. These results indicate the importance of the retention area in the inner area of Suruga Bay, where the eggs and larvae can stay for a long time.A good correlation was observed between the spawning peak during 1991 to 1997 and catch per unit effort (CPUE) (catch [kg] per 30 min tow) of the 0-year class shrimp, suggesting that earlier spawning in July causes an increase in the 0-year class shrimp population for the autumn catch.Thus, I believe that the first hypothesis is correct. Delays in peak spawning time cause a shift in the main spawning area from the inner area to the western and southwestern area of Suruga Bay, and therefore cause a remarkable loss of larvae to outside the bay. To restore the shrimp stock, it is essential to reduce fishing effort during the spring catch to facilitate spawning of larger eggs in June/July in the inner area, and hence many larvae remain and grow in the bay. Distinct differences exist in the hydrographic conditions between Suruga Bay and the neighbouring Sagami Bay. The eggs and larvae in Sagami Bay are easily run out from the bay, and hence the population cannot be maintained to the level of commercial fishery.
4 0 0 0 OA 手関節のバイオメカニクス
- 著者
- 大森 信介
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本リハビリテーション医学会
- 雑誌
- The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:18813526)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.53, no.10, pp.762-764, 2016-10-18 (Released:2016-11-17)
- 参考文献数
- 10
- 被引用文献数
- 3
手関節は橈骨手根関節,手根中央関節,遠位橈尺関節の複合運動により,掌背屈,橈尺屈,回内外運動が可能な関節である.手関節の効果的なリハビリテーションを行うためには,手関節の機能解剖を理解することが重要である.しかし,手関節の3次元バイオメカニクスを含めた機能解剖についてはいまだ解明されていない部分も多く,議論も多い.本稿では,まず手関節の正常機能解剖について述べ,次に手関節外傷として頻度の高い橈骨遠位端骨折,DISI変形に代表される手根不安定症における3次元手関節バイオメカニクスについて述べる.
2 0 0 0 OA 日本企業と掃除 ──5S活動生成と展開の歴史と手段重視型の経営──
- 著者
- 大森 信
- 出版者
- 日本経営学会
- 雑誌
- 日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.42, pp.27-39, 2019 (Released:2020-03-26)
- 参考文献数
- 29
This paper attempts to historically reveal why Japanese companies have long emphasized cleaning, sorting, and organizing activities. Simultaneously, we explained theoretical significances in Japanese companies' valuing these activities from a management perspective. We have studied the relevance of cleaning, sorting, and organizing in Japanese companies by retrospect, through older documents, articles, or companies' in-house publications. We have also described how Japanese companies have historically solved their problems through cleaning, sorting, and organizing in their growth processes or continuing their business when facing various business issues, as they rename such activities as either 3S or 5S. Specifically, we studied the history of Japanese companies as private companies were initiated, and had to compel large numbers of employees who lacked discipline to work diligently. These companies had to decrease expenses after a major economic depression, improve worksite safety after work accidents and deaths often occurred, and improve productivity under harsh international competition with European and American companies. This paper has demonstrated that Japanese companies' managerial perspectives have incorporated a means-based management, which values cleaning, sorting, and organizing as a social practice. This management perspective has focused on specific measures toward cleaning, sorting, and organizing; for example, companies may discover new goals to foster the means, or solve their problems by utilizing such means according to their economic situation or current trends. We illustrated a meansbased management perspective contrary to the dominant perspective, which involves deciding the goal first and subsequently choosing from various means to achieve it. These two concepts contrast one another, yet are neither mutually exclusive nor opposing; rather, we would point out they are mutually complementary. Under stable circumstances, in which purposes can be easily decided in advance, purpose-based management ―which is dominant today― would be more effective and efficient. However, means-based management, based on social practice beyond time or location, would be highly effective in critical situations, or under highly uncertain circumstances. We would like to highlight, in other words, the danger of over-emphasizing either purpose-based or meansbased management.
- 著者
- 大森 信 Makoto Omori
- 出版者
- 東京海洋大学
- 雑誌
- 東京海洋大学研究報告 (ISSN:21890951)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.10, pp.40-86, 2014-02-28
On the occasion of a donation of postage stamps collected by the author to the Museum of Fishery Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, a checklist of all postage stamps depicting crustaceans from 1871 through 2002 has been completed. In all, 1407 postage stamps with crustaceans have been issued from 217 countries, regions, and organizations excluding local stamps from Russia and others. The number of taxa (species or genus) that were identified in the stamps is 354. The present collection to be donated at the Museum for future reference contains 1313 original stamps including 25 old local stamps from Vessiegonsk, Russia and 114 copies of those that were unavailable to the author.
2 0 0 0 OA 皆川淇園と地歌筝曲
- 著者
- 大森 信徳
- 出版者
- 早稲田大学法学会
- 雑誌
- 人文論集 (ISSN:04414225)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.59, pp.79-87, 2021-02-20
- 著者
- 大森 信
- 出版者
- 日本サンゴ礁学会
- 雑誌
- 日本サンゴ礁学会誌 (ISSN:13451421)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, no.1, pp.1-9, 2016 (Released:2016-10-13)
- 参考文献数
- 23
- 被引用文献数
- 2 2
いろいろなさんご礁修復再生事業や港湾開発に伴うサンゴ移設事業でサンゴ幼生の着生基盤として採用され,大量に用いられている連結式サンゴ幼生着床具CSD(Okamoto et al. 2008)はそれほど効果のある人造基盤ではない。CSDをほかの3種の基盤(ホタテガイ貝殻,素焼き褐色陶板,自然分解樹脂ネット)と比較した結果,幼生の着生数密度は何れの場所でも素焼き褐色陶板がもっとも高かった。6ヶ月後の稚サンゴの生残率はCSDがほかの基盤より勝った。今日では明らかなことであるが,幼生の多くは基盤の表面に生じたサンゴモ(無節石灰藻)やバクテリアフィルムからの特定の化学シグナルの刺激によって着生・変態するのであって,基盤の素材は結果を左右する要因にはならない。着生・変態の過程は,1)着生シグナル受容→2)着生行動→3)着生→4)変態,の4段階からなる。基盤の評価は,1)着生・変態,2.育成,3.植え込み,4.その後,の4段階を総合してなされるべきである。幼生の着生率や着生後の生残率は基盤の構造や形状の物理的特性にも影響される。平板な基盤の場合は,サンゴは縁辺部に付きやすく,水平面より鉛直面での生存率が高い。また,稚サンゴがウニや魚類の食害から逃れやすい構造であるものが望ましい。最良の人造基盤は,サンゴ幼生の着生・変態への誘引効果をもつばかりではなく,着生後の生残率が高く,さらに,植え込み作業や運搬が容易で,波浪に強く,はがれにくいものである。
1 0 0 0 OA 海洋動物プランクトンの生産生態研究の問題さくらえび研究に関連しで
1 0 0 0 IR 埼玉稲荷山古墳出土金錯銘鉄剣の金象嵌銘文の蛍光X線分析
- 著者
- 高橋 敏夫 大森 信次 坪田 張二 栗原 和夫 渡辺 茂雄
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 学術講演梗概集. C, 構造II (ISSN:09150137)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.1991, pp.433-434, 1991-08
1 0 0 0 OA 駿河湾産サクラエビの漁獲量統計
- 著者
- 大森 信 蒔田 道雄
- 出版者
- 日本プランクトン学会
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.23, no.2, pp.107-113, 1976 (Released:2011-03-05)
- 著者
- 大森 信 滝本 優枝
- 出版者
- 日本マーケティング学会
- 雑誌
- マーケティングジャーナル (ISSN:03897265)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.37, no.4, pp.47-65, 2018 (Released:2019-05-31)
- 参考文献数
- 39
本稿は,欧州で経営戦略論の新しい研究アプローチとして進展してきた Strategy as Practice (SaP)から,Strategizing Activities and Practices (SAP)へと移行する現在までの過程に着目し,SAPの現状と課題を指摘し,その可能性について示す。日本では SaPの研究は少しずつ浸透しつつあるものの,SAPについての論考は未だ見当たらない。経営学と隣接する分野であり,市場戦略や競争戦略について研究展開がなされてきたマーケティング分野において両者の関係性について検討しておく必要性は少なくないと考える。本稿では,プラクティス理論に基づいた SAPの観点から,特に日本企業の周辺的活動が継続され習慣化されていく過程に着目する必要性を提示する。また研究の進展を通じて,新たな経営戦略観ならびに組織観を示すことができるとともに,特にリレーションシップ・マーケティングに対する含意も少なくないことを指摘する。