著者

関 英治 小塚 美由記 米田(和田) 実央 村尾 咲音 山根 拓也 荒川 義人 大久保 岩男 藤原 佳史

出版者

日本補完代替医療学会

雑誌

日本補完代替医療学会誌 (ISSN:13487922)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.21-28, 2018-03-31 (Released:2018-04-18)

参考文献数

19

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鰹節の熱水抽出液(鰹だし)は,ジペプチジルペプチダーゼ IV(DPP IV)阻害活性(IC50 値; 3049 µg/ ml)を有することから,ヒトにおける鰹だしの血糖上昇抑制効果の有無について,ヒト試験を用いた糖負荷試験を実施した.鰹荒節500 gに10倍量の水を加え煮出して150 mlを供した.糖尿病やその他の重大な疾患がなく,かつBMIが30未満の健常人(男性14名)を対象とし,鰹だし摂取30分後に糖を負荷し,0 分~150分まで血糖値を測定した.鰹だし摂取時は,米飯摂取 75 分および90分後の血糖値 ± 標準誤差は,鰹だし摂取時110.0 ± 5.9 mg/ dl対白湯摂取時134.9 ± 6.9 mg/ dl値;p < 0.01( p = 0.006)および鰹だし摂取時110.3 ± 6.8 mg/ dl対白湯摂取時129.3 ± 6.6 mg/ dl値;p < 0.05( p = 0.036)が得られ,有意に血糖値の上昇抑制作用が認められた.鰹だしと白湯摂取後の血糖下曲線面積を比較すると 鰹だし摂取時の面積は4753.1 ± 439.7 mg/ dl × min,白湯摂取時の面積は6879.4 ± 728.1 mg/ dl × minであり,血糖降下作用が認められた( p < 0.01, p = 0.005 ).空腹時血糖に対して鰹だし摂取前と鰹だし摂取後30分後の血糖値には有意差が認められなかった.鰹だし摂取糖負荷150分後には,血糖値が空腹時血糖まで復帰した.本ヒト試験において鰹だしに糖負荷血糖上昇抑制作用が認められた.鰹だしにはα-グルコシダーゼ阻害活性が認められなかった.試験中に副作用と考えられる自・他覚症状は認められなかった.

著者

山根 拓

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.23-44, 1989-02-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

1

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Modern newspapers, introduced into Japan in the 1870's, have diffused as one of the modern cultural elements throughout the country. From the human geographical aspect of modern newspapers, some geographers have remarked on the interaction between the newspaper system of publication places and circulation areas, and the central place system (Dickinson, R. E., 1947; Blotevogel, H. H., 1984 etc.). On the supposition that their ideas are also valid in the Japanese case, we can clarify the reformation process of modern spatial organization in Japan using the newspaper business as an indicator. This paper is composed of two sections. In the first section, the locational development process of newspaper publication is analyzed by comparison with the development process of the Japanese urban system. We examine the changing process of newspaper circulation spatial structure in the second section. In this case, our attention is directed to the core-periphery problem in newspaper circulation.The following results were obtained in this inquiry:First, we can find that there was a downward diffusional process of newspaper companies from the prefectural seats to the local centers. The concentration of political and economic functions and population had caused the prior location of newspaper companies in the prefectural seats. Until the 1930's, the number of newspapers had increased and publication places had diffused to the lower ranking centers. However, the distributional pattern wasn't uniform. Newspaper publication was concentrated in the Tokaido and Sanyodo regions, Nagano Prefecture, and Niigata Prefecture. On the prefectural scale, most of the newspapers were published at the prefectural seats. On a national scale, the capital of Japan, Tokyo, was the largest center of newspaper concentration. These situations at prefectural and national scales are explained by the importance of political functions concerning the location of newspapers. On the other hand, local community papers developed in some regions, for example in Nagano Prefecture. These contributed to the diffusion of newspapers in the lowest-class regions. However, in the 1940's many companies were integrated at the prefectural level under a national policy. So, the prefectural seats formed a monopoly of newspaper publication within each prefecture.Second, there are some findings as to the sales wars between metropolitan newspapers and local papers in the regional markets. The metropolitan newspapers were established in Osaka or Tokyo and expanded their substantial circulation area to peripheral regions with the times. The share of metropolitan papers had been relatively high in regional markets at the time when newspapers were first introduced into Japan. However, the growth of local papers supported by local political parties gave the dominant position to the local papers in many prefectures. Some metropolitan papers had been circulated at provincial or sub-national scale since the 1890's. The frontiers of metropolitan papers advanced along the railway routes extending from Tokyo toward peripheral regions. But the share of these papers was dominant merely in the neighborhood area of publication place. From 1900 to the 1910's, these papers gained the priorities of market share in the Kanto Region or Kinki Region. It was in about 1940 that the national newspapers appeared with regard to their share in the regional markets. The formation of“national newspapers”implies the cultural centralization of Japan. However in the national newspaper integration process, “provincial”papers, which had priority of share in the provincial regions beyond their prefecture of publication, had grown in two regional metropolitan cities: Nagoya and Fukuoka. Nagoya and Fukuoka became secondary centers of newspaper publication. The provincial papers formed cultural subregions in the modern spatial organization process.

著者

山根 拓

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.26-46, 1991-02-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

1

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Before World War II, mass communications media had penetrated little into Japanese rural areas. So the rural populace had little access to a quantity of political, economic, social and cultural information, except for those belonging to the upper classes of rural societies. However, monthly community newspapers, called sonpo, were published in some villages of Nagano Prefecture and Ehime Prefecture from the 1920s to the 1930s.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the regional development process of sonpo publications and the spatial agenda-setting functions of the community media from the case study of Kita-uwa District, Ehime Prefecture. These agenda-setting functions are clarified by content analysis of the articles.The following results were obtained in this inquiry:1. When sonpo appeared in some villages, because of their periodical publication and delivery to all villagers, they occupied the main position in the rural information system. However, the distribution of these media was rare and regionally biased. We can explain the reasons of locational development of sonpo in terms of the political connections among village authorities but cannot find the reasons for the absence of sonpo in many regions. The editors and publishers of sonpo were village authorities or leaders belonging to the upper classes of rural societies. It seems that the composition of those members had an effect on the contents of the community media.2. We analyzed the contents of Aiji Sonpo published in Aiji village, Kita-uwa District, Ehime Prefecture, by means of two approaches. One is to assess the regional characteristics of sonpo based on the aggregation of the number of news-originating places in articles. Another approach addresses the press comments of sonpo. The comments indicate whether the medium depends on the ideology of the centralized state-nationalism, or the regional ideology-regionalism. So, we tried to divide the articles into two spatially characterized groups: the central-oriented articles and the regional-oriented articles. In the former approach, it was found that the community media contents were mainly composed of local news from Aiji village and partly of news from the upper political central cities in the urban system: the district center (Uwajima), the prefectural center (Matsuyama) and the national center (Tokyo). This result suggests that sonpo were in close contact with the local community. The latter approach clarified that the central-oriented ideology dominated the arguments of the community media. Thus we found that sonpo played the role of organizer which related many villagers to the national authority (the central government in Tokyo) beyond the spatial constraints of distance.

著者

山根 拓 中西 僚太郎 岡島 建 河野 敬一 川崎 俊郎 天野 宏司 品田 光春

出版者

富山大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2005

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明治期から戦前期までの近代期のわが国における公権力が, どのように国土空間を認識していたのかという問題について, 研究代表者・分担者が各々の視角・アプローチから考察した。「公権力」の範疇には, 大久保利通や黒田清隆のような公権力者個人, 帝国議会や官僚集団のような権力的集合体, 地方権力者等, 多様なものが含まれる。それぞれが国土空間の各場所をいかに把捉し, 現実の政策にいかに関与したかが, 各時代に関して解明された。

著者

宮崎 早花 米田 実央 小塚 美由記 山根 拓也 荒川 義人 大久保 岩男

出版者

酪農学園大学

雑誌

酪農学園大学紀要. 自然科学編 (ISSN:0388001X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.83-95, 2018-03

著者

山根 拓

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.1-24, 1987-02-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

2 1

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The post office network has been developing in Japan since 1871. In the formation of this network, the post office has contributed to the formation of modern spatial organization in Japan. In order to explain this geographical situation concretely, the distribution of this communication facility during different development periods is compared with the growth of central places and the distribution of other public facilities, and so the hierarchical linkages in the postal system are presented as one example of a modern integrated system formed by rational interregional relations. This paper discusses these points based on a case study of Hiroshima Prefecture.The results obtained are as follows:(1) The history of the post office network can be divided into three phases (1871-1900; 1900-1945; 1945-), according to features of its growth.a) Before 1882, the post office network was developed in many places at the same time. This sudden expansion was caused by historical and political conditions in the Meiji era and the introduction of post office management by contractors. After 1882, a number of post offices were closed because of the contractors' financial difficulties. During the Meiji era, post offices developed in central places belonging to higher class than the lower order central places where primary schools and/or village offices were located.b) In the second phase (1900-1945) the post office network became denser. A number of non-collection-delivery post offices were concentrated in densely populated urban areas. On the other hand 70% of the settlements in rural areas having a town office or village office got post offices. The allocation of collection-delivery offices was nearly completed during this phase. The reformation of postal districts was carried out in order to bring them into conformity with administrative districts and the homogeneity of each area.c) The reopening of closed post offices in war-damaged cities (e. g. Hiroshima) characterized the locational development of these facilities in the postwar period. However the basic locational development pattern did not change. In urban areas the distribution of post offices has become denser in city centers and then expanded to suburban areas. Today most of the lower order central places in rural areas have also received post offices. Depopulation in rural mountainous areas has caused some closures of post offices in recent years. These closures will probably have an important effect on the locational development of post offices in the near future.(2) The hierarchical linkage among post offices is made clear by analyzing the internal organization of postal services. As indicators of this system, the grade of post offices, mail routes, the flow of funds used in post offices, and some designated post office were selected. As a result, it was found that the hierarchical linkage, which included the Hiroshima office as a first order center, and Kure, Fukuyama, Onomichi and Miyoshi offices as second order centers, has been formed and tightened in relation to modernization of the central place system. Especially, the centrality of the Fukuyama and Miyoshi offices has increased in recent years. Additionally, since the 1930's third order centers have began to appear, for example Mihara, Takehara, and Shobara offices. They have been established in central places reorganized as municipalities since the 1930's and had their status raised to ordinary post offices in the 1940's.Two aspects of the post office -its locational development and its hierarchical integration-were dealt with. These two aspects of the post office indicate effects of national policy and the reformation of the regional system at the same time.

著者

山根 拓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

日本地理学会発表要旨集 2017年度日本地理学会秋季学術大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.100105, 2017 (Released:2017-10-26)

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前田正名は近代日本の産業地域形成に大きく寄与した人物である。彼はその生涯の前半に政府官僚の立場でわが国の地方在来産業の育成振興政策を牽引し、1890年頃に官職を辞して以降は民間の立場から全国の在来産業の指導、育成、振興に心血を注いだ。各地の在来産業振興を目指し、前田行脚と呼ばれる全国巡回指導を頻繁に行った。在来産業振興が国力増強に資するというのが、彼の見通しであった。前田は1890年頃から地方在来産業者の全国組織化を図るため、様々な全国的同業者組織の結成に乗り出す。五二会もその一つである。五二会は前田と京都の在来産業家らを中心に1894年に結成され、その名の五は織物、陶磁器、漆器、金属器、製紙を、二は雑貨、敷物を指す。これらは在来産業由来の伝統的美術工芸品である。五二会は全国各地の産物を一堂に会し、それらの高品質化、生産強化を図るための大規模な品評会であった。美術工芸品の品質向上とそれらの全国的生産流通構造の確立が我が国の輸出貿易振興をもたらし、国力増進を図ることが、五二会会頭の前田の目指すところであった。本報告では、五二会資料(正田1979)の分析を通じ、19世紀末のわが国の在来産業の地域形成や地域編成の実際的側面を解明したい。第1回五二会大会は、1894年4月に京都市で開催された。開会式で前田は、五二会の組織を通じた在来産業振興の論理を次のように展開した。国内在来産業主体が個別に事業を行う現状では当該産業は国際貿易市場での敗北は必至で、結果的に国力は減衰する。国産品が貿易市場で優位性を得るためには国内在来産業の全国的組織化が必要だ。その組織下で国内産地産品間の比較競争を行い国産品の質の向上を図るとともに、事業者の団結と製品輸出系統の統合により外国市場での競争を優位に進める必要がある。五二会はこれら国内産業の統合と団結の中核にある。では、五二会によって国内の在来産業空間はどのように編成されたのであろうか。図1に五二会の府県本部等の分布を示した。五二会中央本部は美術工芸品生産の中心であった京都にあり、各府県には府県本部、事業部、支部が置かれた。県本部等の立地は県庁都市が主だが、五二の在来産業発達地域に立地する場合も見られた。その分布は東北以北で少なく、関東以西(関東、東海、北陸、近畿、山陽、四国、九州)が主であった。この傾向は、旺盛な生産活動の地域指標とも見られる五二会への出品者数にも表れる。図2は、1895年に神戸で開催された第2回五二会大会への出品者の府県別分布を示す。近畿、東海と北部九州への偏在傾向がみられる。これは前田正名が重視した当時の輸出志向型在来産業の生産の卓越した地域を示すものと考えられる。図2の出品者数と出品商品の売却金額・売却点数の地域分布傾向は類似パターンを示すが、後者ではより京阪神、とくに京都への集中傾向が強い。図1と図2から、当時の輸出型在来産業発達の地域的傾向について、京都など関西中心の西日本優位の産業空間構造の存在が判る。五二会等を通じ、前田はこの空間構造を分散的形態から統合的形態へと変革するオーガナイザーの役割を果たそうとした。

著者

矢ケ崎 典隆 山下 清海 加賀美 雅弘 根田 克彦 山根 拓 石井 久生 浦部 浩之 大石 太郎

出版者

日本大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-04-01

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多民族社会として知られるアメリカ合衆国では、移民集団はいつの時代にも異なる文化を持ち込み、それが蓄積されて基層(古いものが残存するアメリカ)を形成してきた。従来のアメリカ地誌は表層(新しいものを生み出すアメリカ)に注目した。しかし、1970年代以降、アメリカ社会が変化するにつれて、移民の文化を再認識し、保存し、再生し、発信する活動が各地で活発化している。多様な文化の残存、移民博物館、移民文化の観光資源化に焦点を当てることにより、現代のアメリカ地誌をグローバルな枠組みにおいて読み解き直すことができる。アメリカ合衆国はまさに「世界の博物館」である。