著者
末木 新
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.4, pp.265-276, 2017 (Released:2019-03-22)
参考文献数
71

The purpose of this study was to clarify how psychological research contributes to suicide prevention. First, we introduced previous reviews dealing with this problem from two perspectives: the theory on prediction of suicide occurrence and validated suicide prevention methods. Although not fully dealt with in previous reviews, we next reviewed studies on suicide prevention education, utilization of internet-related technologies for suicide prevention, and the grief of suicide survivors. In addition, we discussed the issues of psychological research on suicide as a way of improving the prediction accuracy on the occurrence of suicide and generating alternatives for psychiatric discourse on suicide countermeasures. Finally, we discussed the question of whether promoting suicide prevention using psychological knowledge was synonymous with the contribution of psychology to our society based on a review of the research on the value of statistical life.
著者
末木 新
出版者
東京大学大学院教育学研究科総合教育科学専攻臨床心理学コース
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科臨床心理学コース紀要
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, pp.108-115, 2011

わが国における自殺関連行動及ぴメディア報道・利用に関するデータを用いてメディアの持つ自殺への影響を検討した研究のレビューを行った。これらの研究を概観したところ、研究は主に、1)自殺と特定のメディアの報道・利用との関連、と、2)自殺報道の内容、に関する研究の二種類が見られた。これらの研究では、有名人及ぴ一般人の自殺に関するメディア報道が自殺に影響を持つこと、ニュースバリューのあるものに偏った報道がなされるために報道からバイアスのかかった知識を得る可能性があることが示唆された。これらの結果は、海外における研究結果と概ね一致していた。今後の研究課題としては、1)インターネットを中心とした新しいメディアの自殺誘発効果の検討、2)メディアが自殺を誘発するメカニズムの解明、3)ガイドラインに沿った介入研究及び自殺予防教育の実施、が挙げられた。
著者
末木 新
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.289-295, 2017 (Released:2017-06-22)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2

Baseball is a thriving sport in Japanese high schools. However, there have been demands to shorten the instructional time for school extracurricular activities, resulting in a need to increase the effectiveness of such instruction. The present study was designed to examine the effects of 3 elements of team strength in high school baseball—pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength—on the outcome of a game. The materials used for analysis were the records of all of the 390 games and 780 teams involved in the National High School Baseball Championship from 2008 to 2015. Pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength were calculated using Fielding Independent Pitching (FIP), On-base Plus Slugging (OPS), and Defensive Efficiency Rating (DER), respectively. Logistic regression analysis (forced entry method) was conducted on the game outcome as the dependent variable and team FIP, team OPS, and DER as the independent variables. This analysis showed that the team FIP (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.74—0.86), team OPS (odds ratio 8145, 95% confidence interval 1957—33898), and DER (odds ratio 5699019, 95% confidence interval 341274—95169408) were significantly associated with the outcome of the game. An assessment of the Wald statistic, which indicates the contribution rate of the dependent variables, showed that batting strength had the strongest effect on game outcome, followed by defensive strength. Compared to batting and defensive strength, pitching strength appeared to have only a small influence on game outcome. Therefore, for efficient improvement of team strength, it is considered that resources should be directed towards improving batting and defensive strength over pitching strength.
著者
末木 新
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.17029, (Released:2018-07-12)
参考文献数
19

In high school baseball games, choosing when to bat influences the likelihood of winning, teams batting second having a significantly higher winning percentage. Three hypotheses can be considered for explaining this trend: the weaker school chooses to bat first (Hypothesis 1), an additional strategy change can favor the team that bats second (Hypothesis 2), and a tied score in a later innings favors the team that bats second (Hypothesis 3). However, to our knowledge, no study has directly tested these hypotheses. Therefore, we analyzed data for all 972 games of the Japan national high school baseball championship tournaments between 1996 and 2015, and the following 5 results were obtained. There was a trend in past Koshien tournaments for weaker schools to bat first when playing against stronger schools (52.8 percent, P = 0.091). The winning percentage for the former was 35.5%, which was significantly lower (P <0.001) than the chance level (50%). In addition, the winning percentage for batting first in games between schools with similar levels of past performance was 44.7%, which was significantly lower (P = 0.025) than the chance level (50%). In games between schools with similar levels of past performance, the winning percentage varied for teams batting first when the bottom half of each inning ended in a tie. In games in which teams were tied at the end of the 6th and 7th innings, the winning percentage of the team batting first was significantly lower (36.0%, P = 0.033; 34.0%, P = 0.016). In other words, Hypothesis 3 was supported, Hypothesis 1 was partially supported, but Hypothesis 2 was not supported. These findings indicate that the higher winning percentage for batting second is attributable to the fact that the weaker school regards itself as inferior to its opponent and therefore chooses to bat first (i.e., the weaker school chooses to bat first) and that the psychological pressure faced when batting first versus batting second differs when there is a tie in the later innings (i.e., a tied score in later innings favors the team that bats second).
著者
末木 新
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.16083, (Released:2017-03-06)
参考文献数
17

Baseball is a thriving sport in Japanese high schools. However, there have been demands to shorten the instructional time for school extracurricular activities, resulting in a need to increase the effectiveness of such instruction. The present study was designed to examine the effects of three elements of team strength in high school baseball—pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength—on the outcome of a game. The materials used for analysis were the records of all of the 390 games and 780 teams involved in the National High School Baseball Championship from 2008 to 2015. Pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength were calculated using Fielding Independent Pitching (FIP), On-base Plus Slugging (OPS), and Defensive Efficiency Rating (DER), respectively. Logistic regression analysis (forced entry method) was conducted on the game outcome as the dependent variable and team FIP, team OPS, and DER as the independent variables. This analysis showed that the team FIP (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.74—0.86), team OPS (odds ratio 8145, 95% confidence interval 1957—33898), and DER (odds ratio 5699019, 95% confidence interval 341274—95169408) were significantly associated with the outcome of the game. An assessment of the Wald statistic, which indicates the contribution rate of the dependent variables, showed that batting strength had the strongest effect on game outcome, followed by defensive strength. Compared to batting and defensive strength, pitching strength appeared to have only a small influence on game outcome. Therefore, for efficient improvement of team strength, it is considered that resources should be directed towards improving batting and defensive strength over pitching strength.
著者
髙橋 あすみ 土田 毅 末木 新 伊藤 次郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本自殺予防学会
雑誌
自殺予防と危機介入 (ISSN:18836046)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.2, pp.67-74, 2020-09-30 (Released:2022-06-30)
参考文献数
27

本研究では自殺関連語を検索する者の援助要請行動を促しやすいインターネット広告の内容を検討した。広告は基本的内容に加えて、見出しに直接的メッセージ(相談してください)か共感的メッセージ(つらかったですね)のどちらかを含め、説明文に相談手段と支援者情報を組み合わせて8種類を作成した。6種類の自殺関連語を検索した結果として広告一つがランダムに表示されるようにGoogle広告を設定した。広告のリンク先ページからボタンをクリックすると電話相談窓口へ発信することができた。ボタンクリックの有無を従属変数、広告の要素を独立変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行った結果、見出しは共感的メッセージよりも直接的メッセージの方が約1.6倍、見出しが共感的メッセージの場合には相談手段を説明に含んだ方が約1.2倍、ボタンクリックの割合が高くなった。すなわち、自殺の相談を促す広告には直接的メッセージと相談手段を含むことが望ましい。
著者
末木 新
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.2, pp.595-604, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)
参考文献数
19

In high school baseball games, choosing when to bat influences the likelihood of winning, teams batting second having a significantly higher winning percentage. Three hypotheses can be considered for explaining this trend: the weaker school chooses to bat first (Hypothesis 1), an additional strategy change can favor the team that bats second (Hypothesis 2), and a tied score in a later innings favors the team that bats second (Hypothesis 3). However, to our knowledge, no study has directly tested these hypotheses. Therefore, we analyzed data for all 972 games of the Japan national high school baseball championship tournaments between 1996 and 2015, and the following 5 results were obtained. There was a trend in past Koshien tournaments for weaker schools to bat first when playing against stronger schools (52.8 percent, P = 0.091). The winning percentage for the former was 35.5%, which was significantly lower (P <0.001) than the chance level (50%). In addition, the winning percentage for batting first in games between schools with similar levels of past performance was 44.7%, which was significantly lower (P = 0.025) than the chance level (50%). In games between schools with similar levels of past performance, the winning percentage varied for teams batting first when the bottom half of each inning ended in a tie. In games in which teams were tied at the end of the 6th and 7th innings, the winning percentage of the team batting first was significantly lower (36.0%, P = 0.033; 34.0%, P = 0.016). In other words, Hypothesis 3 was supported, Hypothesis 1 was partially supported, but Hypothesis 2 was not supported. These findings indicate that the higher winning percentage for batting second is attributable to the fact that the weaker school regards itself as inferior to its opponent and therefore chooses to bat first (i.e., the weaker school chooses to bat first) and that the psychological pressure faced when batting first versus batting second differs when there is a tie in the later innings (i.e., a tied score in later innings favors the team that bats second).
著者
末木 新
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.4, pp.265-276, 2017

<p>The purpose of this study was to clarify how psychological research contributes to suicide prevention. First, we introduced previous reviews dealing with this problem from two perspectives: the theory on prediction of suicide occurrence and validated suicide prevention methods. Although not fully dealt with in previous reviews, we next reviewed studies on suicide prevention education, utilization of internet-related technologies for suicide prevention, and the grief of suicide survivors. In addition, we discussed the issues of psychological research on suicide as a way of improving the prediction accuracy on the occurrence of suicide and generating alternatives for psychiatric discourse on suicide countermeasures. Finally, we discussed the question of whether promoting suicide prevention using psychological knowledge was synonymous with the contribution of psychology to our society based on a review of the research on the value of statistical life.</p>
著者
末木 新
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究
巻号頁・発行日
2017

Baseball is a thriving sport in Japanese high schools. However, there have been demands to shorten the instructional time for school extracurricular activities, resulting in a need to increase the effectiveness of such instruction. The present study was designed to examine the effects of three elements of team strength in high school baseball&mdash;pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength&mdash;on the outcome of a game. The materials used for analysis were the records of all of the 390 games and 780 teams involved in the National High School Baseball Championship from 2008 to 2015. Pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength were calculated using Fielding Independent Pitching (FIP), On-base Plus Slugging (OPS), and Defensive Efficiency Rating (DER), respectively. Logistic regression analysis (forced entry method) was conducted on the game outcome as the dependent variable and team FIP, team OPS, and DER as the independent variables. This analysis showed that the team FIP (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.74&mdash;0.86), team OPS (odds ratio 8145, 95% confidence interval 1957&mdash;33898), and DER (odds ratio 5699019, 95% confidence interval 341274&mdash;95169408) were significantly associated with the outcome of the game. An assessment of the Wald statistic, which indicates the contribution rate of the dependent variables, showed that batting strength had the strongest effect on game outcome, followed by defensive strength. Compared to batting and defensive strength, pitching strength appeared to have only a small influence on game outcome. Therefore, for efficient improvement of team strength, it is considered that resources should be directed towards improving batting and defensive strength over pitching strength.<br>
著者
髙橋 あすみ 土田 毅 末木 新 伊藤 次郎 TAKAHASHI Asumi TSUCHIDA Takeshi SUEKI Hajime ITO Jiro
出版者
日本自殺予防学会
雑誌
自殺予防と危機介入 (ISSN:18836046)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.2, pp.67-74, 2020-09

本研究では自殺関連語を検索する者の援助要請行動を促しやすいインターネット広告の内容を検討した。広告は基本的内容に加えて、見出しに直接的メッセージ(相談してください)か共感的メッセージ(つらかったですね)のどちらかを含め、説明文に相談手段と支援者情報を組み合わせて8種類を作成した。6種類の自殺関連語を検索した結果として広告一つがランダムに表示されるようにGoogle広告を設定した。広告のリンク先ページからボタンをクリックすると電話相談窓口へ発信することができた。ボタンクリックの有無を従属変数、広告の要素を独立変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行った結果、見出しは共感的メッセージよりも直接的メッセージの方が約1.6 倍、見出しが共感的メッセージの場合には相談手段を説明に含んだ方が約1.2 倍、ボタンクリックの割合が高くなった。すなわち、自殺の相談を促す広告には直接的メッセージと相談手段を含むことが望ましい。
著者
末木 新
出版者
日本自殺予防学会
雑誌
自殺予防と危機介入 (ISSN:18836046)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.2, pp.35-41, 2017-11

自殺対策の実施は公的資金に頼るところが大きいが、対策に対する税金の投入については、否定的な意識を持つ者が少なくない。そこで本研究では、自殺対策を不必要だと考えている者の特徴について探索的な検討を行った。調査はインターネット調査会社を介して、20歳以上の調査会社の登録モニターに対して実施された。2530名のデータを分析したところ、自殺対策への支払意思額の決定に関わる動機として「自殺対策は必要ないから」と回答した者(自殺対策を必要ないと考える者)は214名(8.5%)であった。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、男性、未婚、低学歴、無職であることは自殺対策を必要ないと考える者であることと、親しい者の自殺の経験があることは自殺対策を必要ないと考える者でないことと統計的に有意に関連していた。本研究の結果、自殺対策に関する啓発活動のターゲットは自殺のリスク・ファクターとなるデモグラフィック属性を有している可能性が高いことが示唆された。
著者
高橋 あすみ 土田 毅 末木 新 伊藤 次郎 TAKAHASHI Asumi TSUCHIDA Takeshi SUEKI Hajime ITO Jiro
出版者
日本自殺予防学会
雑誌
自殺予防と危機介入 = Suicide prevention and crisis invervention
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.2, pp.67-74, 2020

本研究では自殺関連語を検索する者の援助要請行動を促しやすいインターネット広告の内容を検討した。広告は基本的内容に加えて、見出しに直接的メッセージ(相談してください)か共感的メッセージ(つらかったですね)のどちらかを含め、説明文に相談手段と支援者情報を組み合わせて8種類を作成した。6種類の自殺関連語を検索した結果として広告一つがランダムに表示されるようにGoogle広告を設定した。広告のリンク先ページからボタンをクリックすると電話相談窓口へ発信することができた。ボタンクリックの有無を従属変数、広告の要素を独立変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行った結果、見出しは共感的メッセージよりも直接的メッセージの方が約1.6 倍、見出しが共感的メッセージの場合には相談手段を説明に含んだ方が約1.2 倍、ボタンクリックの割合が高くなった。すなわち、自殺の相談を促す広告には直接的メッセージと相談手段を含むことが望ましい。
著者
末木 新 SUEKI Hajime
出版者
日本精神衛生学会
雑誌
こころの健康 : 日本精神衛生学会誌 = The Japanese journal of mental health (ISSN:09126945)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.1, pp.71-79, 2016

本研究では、大学生を対象にした調査を実施し、仮想評価法(自由回答方式)を用いて自殺死亡リスクの低減に対する支払意思額を推定するとともに、自殺に関する態度の測定を行い、その関連を検討した。組み入れ基準を満たした大学生106名分のデータを分析した結果、自殺死亡リスクを20%削減することに対する支払意思額は、中央値で1000円(統計的生命の価値:2500万円)であった。支払意思額と自殺に関する態度の関連を検討した結果(順序ロジスティック回帰分析)、「自殺の理解・予見不可能性」の低さとWTPの高さが有意に関連していた。「自殺の正当化」「自殺の援助不可能性」とWTPの間に有意な関連は見られなかった。上記の結果より、自殺リスクの低減に対する税金投入への理解を求めようと考えた場合、「自殺の理解・予見不可能性」を低減するような知識を提供することで、その目的が達成される可能性は高くなると考えられた。