著者

李 雪 黒田 乃生 藤川 昌樹 安藤 邦廣

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.721, pp.603-612, 2016 (Released:2016-03-30)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2

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In the region of Minority nationalities, Guizhou Province of China, houses are built by using traditional technology and local materials with the joint efforts of villagers. By investigating the construction process of G house in Gongna Village, this study has clarified that the participants mainly involved in the construction including house owner, the villagers and the experts such as carpenters, feng shui master, transportation supplier, sawmill and wood processing company. With the modernization of the rural life and the increasing of monetary economy, construction has been split into more divisions. The current result suggested that along with the introduction of electric tools and monetary economy, all of the construction process might tend to be more specific that could only be handled by professional staff. The old tradition of wooden technology and collaboration of villagers that have been inherited for many years might disappear.

著者

李 雪 黒田 乃生 藤川 昌樹 安藤 邦廣

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.732, pp.383-391, 2017 (Released:2017-02-28)

参考文献数

8

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The Chuandou System (pillars-and-transverse-tie-beams) wooden frame is wildly used in Miao people's houses in Qiandongnan region of Guizhou Province of China. The Chuandou System wooden frame is composed of vertical pillars and horizontal beams called "Fang". In this area, the house building is following a traditional production organization that the local carpenters design the house and process wooden components and the setting-up of the frame that is completed by joint work of villagers. By investigating the construction process of G house in Gongna Village, Qiandongnan region, this study has clarified that five types of the mortise and tenon joints are used in Chuandou-systerm wooden. The dimension characters of horizontal beams (Fang) were also clarified. In addition, the relationship between types of mortise and tenon joints, the dimension characters of horizontal beams (Fang), and the production organization of house building would be discussed in this study. In G house, the wooden frame could be separated into roof truss and framework. There are two types of mortise and tenon joints in roof trusses.. One of the joints that carpenters cult into a cavity in bottom of short pillar, and the cavity could be used as a mortise to put the short pillar on horizontal beam. Another type of the joints could be considered as a "haunched stob tenon joint", which is used to put horizontal beams(Fang) into short pillars. Also, there are three types of mortise and tenon joints in the frameworks. One type could be considered as a "pegged tenon joint". A haunched stob form tenon on the end of the beam inserts into the mortise. For strengthening the mortise and tenon, a peg is drived into one hole both through mortise and tenon. In another type of joints, tenon is in the middle of the horizontal beam (Fang) that could be passed across mortise and a key could be drived into horizontal beam (Fang) close to the pillar. The last type of mortise and tenon joints also could be considered as a "pegged tenon joint". Pair of horizontal symmetry beams come from two sides of the pillar, and two tenons on the end of beams are joint in one mortise. A peg also has been drvied into two tenons and one mortise to fix them. After the processing of wooden components, local villagers have to set up the Chuandou system frame by a very simple way in two days. They move horizontal beams (Fang) or vertical pillars to join mortises and tenons, and use wooden hammers to hit the beams to strengthen the connection of mortise and tenons. To provide an effectively setting-up construction, the local carpenters should devise the combination of mortise and tenon joints, and also process the horizontal beams (Fang) by different heights and widths in different positions even in the same beam as the shorter area can ensure the beams insert mortise smoothly. Therefore, relatively complicated process skill as well as a simple setting-up frame is developed in this region.

著者

李 雪

出版者

早稲田大学教育総合研究所

雑誌

早稲田教育評論 (ISSN:09145680)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.151-167, 2016-03-31

著者

今田 貴和 井上 祐輔 李 雪山 宇津呂 武仁 河田 容英 神門 典子

出版者

人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 (ISSN:13479881)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, 2015

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本論文では,検索エンジン・サジェストによって測定される関心事項の情報を最 大限に有効活用するタスクとして,特定商品ジャンルにおける製品・サービス等 の供給者である複数の企業の間で,検索における関心の度合いを比較するという タスクを設定する.そして,検索における関心の度合いが,実社会における市場 シェア統計との間でどの程度の相関を持つのかについて分析を行う.

著者

金田 勝幸 出山 諭司 李 雪婷 張 彤 笹瀬 人暉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.155, no.3, pp.135-139, 2020 (Released:2020-05-01)

参考文献数

16

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ストレスは麻薬や覚醒剤などに対する欲求を増強させる.薬物欲求増強は一旦中止した薬物を再摂取してしまう再燃につながると考えられることから,欲求増強に関わる神経機構の解明が重要である.薬物欲求には,腹側被蓋野,側坐核,内側前頭前野(mPFC)などから構成される脳内報酬系に加え,報酬系と密接に関わる脳幹の背外側被蓋核(LDT)が関与する.また,ストレス時には,mPFCおよびLDTでのノルアドレナリン(NA)レベルが上昇する.したがって,ストレスによる薬物欲求増強に,これらの脳部位でのNA神経伝達の亢進が関与している可能性が推測される.そこで,コカイン条件付け場所嗜好性試験(CPPテスト)に拘束ストレス負荷を組み合わせる実験系を考案し,この仮説を検証した.ポストテスト直前に拘束ストレスを負荷することで,CPPスコアの有意な増大,すなわち,コカイン欲求の増強が認められ,この増強はLDTへのα2あるいはβ受容体拮抗薬の局所投与により抑制された.さらに,コカイン慢性投与後の動物から得たLDTニューロンでは,NAにより抑制性シナプス後電流が抑制されたことから,コカイン摂取により抑制性シナプス伝達に可塑的変化が誘導され,これが,LDTニューロンの興奮性を増大させることが示唆された.一方,NAはα1受容体を介してmPFC錐体ニューロンの興奮性を上昇させた.また,mPFCへのα1受容体拮抗薬の局所投与はストレスによるCPP増大を抑制し,さらに,薬理遺伝学的手法によりmPFC錐体ニューロンの活動を選択的に抑制することによっても,ストレス誘発性CPP増大は減弱した.以上の結果から,ストレスにより遊離の亢進したNAがLDTおよびmPFCニューロンを活性化させることで,コカイン欲求行動を増強させると考えられる.したがって,NA神経伝達の制御が,再燃に対する治療薬・治療法の開発につながることが期待される.

著者

李 雪

出版者

早稲田大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

早稲田大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 別冊 (ISSN:13402218)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.49-59, 2014

著者

李 雪蓮 朴 紅 坂下 明彦

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.55-66, 2018-03-31

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To solve the problem of a labor shortage in 3D industries (dirty, dangerous and demeaning industries) in a growing economy, the South Korean government began to develop its employment permit system for hiring foreign workers in the 1990s, followed by a series of labor policies in various areas, such as industrial technology training, employment management, and visiting employment. In this research, we focus on Chinese ethnic-Korean migrant workers, the largest group among foreign workers in Korea, study the background and current situation of related labor policies, and analyze the factors that influenced policy changes. By comparing the old- and new-generation migrant workers, it is understood that the deregulation has gradually stabilized in terms of employment, policies, welfare, etc. With the introduction of the visiting employment policy, illegal stays stemming from old policies, such as those for the purpose of visiting relatives or participating in industrial training programs, are legalized and regulated, and illegal ethnic-Korean migrant workers are recognized as“ compatriots.” Since foreign workers are essential for Korea’s labor market, providing access for trainees to change their employment status and join the legal labor force has helped to guarantee the labor supplement on one hand and reduce the number of illegal stays on the other. As a result, nearly 30% of Chinese ethnic-Koreans chose to stay in South Korea, accounting for 2.4% of Korea’s economically active population.

著者

鈴木 洋一 坂本 修 李 雪 楊 雪 青木 洋子 平塚 真弘 成澤 邦明 工藤 純 清水 信義

出版者

公益社団法人 日本ビタミン学会

雑誌

ビタミン (ISSN:0006386X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.330-331, 1999

著者

李 雪蓮 朴 紅 坂下 明彦

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.55-66, 2018-03-31

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To solve the problem of a labor shortage in 3D industries (dirty, dangerous and demeaning industries) in a growing economy, the South Korean government began to develop its employment permit system for hiring foreign workers in the 1990s, followed by a series of labor policies in various areas, such as industrial technology training, employment management, and visiting employment. In this research, we focus on Chinese ethnic-Korean migrant workers, the largest group among foreign workers in Korea, study the background and current situation of related labor policies, and analyze the factors that influenced policy changes. By comparing the old- and new-generation migrant workers, it is understood that the deregulation has gradually stabilized in terms of employment, policies, welfare, etc. With the introduction of the visiting employment policy, illegal stays stemming from old policies, such as those for the purpose of visiting relatives or participating in industrial training programs, are legalized and regulated, and illegal ethnic-Korean migrant workers are recognized as" compatriots." Since foreign workers are essential for Korea's labor market, providing access for trainees to change their employment status and join the legal labor force has helped to guarantee the labor supplement on one hand and reduce the number of illegal stays on the other. As a result, nearly 30% of Chinese ethnic-Koreans chose to stay in South Korea, accounting for 2.4% of Korea's economically active population.

著者

李 雪

出版者

早稲田大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

早稲田大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 別冊 (ISSN:13402218)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.127-138, 2013

著者

李 雪

出版者

早稲田商学同攻会

雑誌

早稲田商學 (ISSN:03873404)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.420-421, pp.127-169, 2009-09-15

著者

李 雪

巻号頁・発行日

2013

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筑波大学博士 (文学) 学位論文・平成25年3月25日授与 (甲第6365号)

著者

李 雪

出版者

筑波大学比較・理論文学会

雑誌

文学研究論集 (ISSN:09158944)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.57-78, 2013-02-28

著者

馬 鳳如 李 雪雲

出版者

山口県立大学

雑誌

山口県立大学学術情報 (ISSN:18826393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.25-32, 2010-03-31