著者

村田 陽平

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.13, pp.813-830, 2002-11-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

3 3

---

本稿の目的は,従来の地理学ではほとんど検討されてこなかったセクシュアリティの視点に注目して,公共空間における男性という性別の意味を解明することである.日本のセクシュアルマイノリティの言説資料を基に,「外見の性」という性別に関わる概念を分析軸として検討する.まず「外見の性」が現代の公共空間といかに関連しているのかを考察する.次に,男性の「外見の性」に意味付けられる女性への抑圧性を検討し,その意味付けを行っている主体は,女性のみならず男性でもあることを示す.そして,公共空間における男性という性別は,「外見の性」が男性である状態を意味することを明らかにする.この知見は,日本における「女性専用空間」の意味を考える上で有意なものである.

著者

村田 陽平

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.533-551, 2000-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

4 5

---

Over the decades since the 1970s, feminist geography has challenged the exclusion of women from the production of geographical knowledge. With the emergence of feminist geography, gender perspectives have attracted considerable attention. However, men who feel alienated by changing gender roles have not received much attention. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the empirical situation of the masculinity of geographical knowledge by highlighting the major characteristics of alienated middle-aged single men in contemporary Japan.In the introductory section, an overview and the significance of feminist geography are discussed. This is followed by a discussion of the importance of men's studies within gender research in geography. The development of men's studies has enabled an interrogation of masculinity from varied angles.The second section is devoted to an explanation of the interview method employed in the article and its limitations. The informants are ten single men, aged 35-64. Their narratives are quoted as evidence of their alienation.The third section interprets the concrete places within which middle-aged single men feel alienated. The specific contents of these places of alienation are presented as follows:1. In rural areas, where they do not play an important role within patriarchy, they are not regarded as 'full-fledged' men.2. At the workplace, where they are unable to participate in male bonding which is a feature of homosocial workspaces.3. At home, where the lack of women results in their homes being labelled as 'dirty', as men are considered to lack the ability to do housework.4. In contemporary gendered urban spaces, where despite an image of these spaces allowing diversity, middle-aged single men feel suppressed.The evidence from the research points to the above four factors being the main considerations underlying the alienation of single and middle-aged men.Based upon the discussion of the preceding sections, the fourth section interprets the meanings of space and place from the standpoint of men who feel alienated, with reference to feminist geography. Firstly, it is noted that place in humanistic geography, which has been criticized by feminist geography as having a masculinist bias, alienates middle-aged single men, as well as women. Moreover, feminist geography points out that the notion of space in Marxist geography is also gendered. This paper draws attention to the fact that gendered space does not privilege all men, but just those men who meet certain conditions of masculinity.The final section discusses the conclusion reached, that hegemonic masculinity in geographical knowledge oppresses not only women, but also men. Therefore, it follows that we need to elucidate differences among men.

著者

村田 陽平

雑誌

日本地理学会発表要旨集 = Proceedings of the General Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers

巻号頁・発行日

no.62, 2002-09-26

参考文献数

6

著者

村田 陽平

雑誌

日本地理学会発表要旨集 = Proceedings of the General Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, 2001

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

著者

村田 陽平

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

E-journal GEO (ISSN:18808107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.165-190, 2012 (Released:2012-03-26)

参考文献数

139

---

本稿の目的は,現代日本の地域政策において主要な課題の一つである喫煙問題に対して,受動喫煙に苦しむ当事者の視点から,身近な環境問題としての受動喫煙被害の実態を明らかにすることである.2007年から2008年にかけて,タバコ問題に取り組む市民団体等の紹介を経て,東京,名古屋,大阪の三大都市圏において受動喫煙被害の当事者に対する聞き取り調査を実施した.その結果,現代の日本では,さまざまな日常空間において受動喫煙の被害が生じており,それにより少なからず生活に支障をきたしていることが明らかになった.本稿の調査を通じて,日本の受動喫煙対策が不十分であることが導出されるとともに,早急な法的整備などによる社会環境の改善が望まれる.

著者

村田 陽平

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.7, pp.463-482, 2004-06-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 1

---

今日の空間論においてジェンダーという視点は注目されつつある一方,男性という主体がその意味を的確に認識しているかは疑問の余地がある.そこで本稿では,男性によってジェンダーの視点を導入して設計されたといわれる岐阜県営住宅「ハイタウン北方・南ブロック」を事例に,この問題を検討した.具体的には,総合プロデューサーの男性建築家,南ブロックの居住者,男性建築家に選定された7名の女性設計者,施工主の岐阜県,という四つのアクターから,この居住空間の実態を分析した.その結果,この居住空間は,ジェンダーの視点を踏まえたものというより,むしろその視点が問題にしてきた男性中心的な発想で生産されたものであることが判明した.このことは,空間論においてジェンダー概念に伴うポジショナリティの意味が,男性という主体に十分に把握されていない表れであると考えられる.

著者

村田 陽平

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.5, pp.453-469, 2006 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

3 3

---

Men’s studies in geography have investigated the meaning of gendered space from a male perspective and have contributed to realizing gender equality since the 1990s. While scholars have been eager to conduct case studies, they have paid little attention to theoretical discussions, however. In this paper, I examine the validity of queer theory as a major theoretical framework in contemporary gender studies, and propose an alternative epistemology of men’s studies in geography.Queer theory is a set of ideas based on the thought that the concept of identity or category is not essentially fixed but constructed by social-cultural performance. Influenced by queer theory, gender geography has also deliberately challenged all notions of fixed gendered space in various ways since the 1990s. Queer theory, however, has some limitations as a theoretical framework for deconstructing the concept of identity.I examine the limitations of queer theory from the perspective of the actual meaning of identity for men. By clarifying how we recognize male identity in daily spaces, I argue that queer theory cannot explain the emotions of ordinary men who have no doubt about the existence of male identity. This is because queer theory places too much emphasis on destabilizing identity and it lacks the perspective that people do not always think that identity should be deconstructed.Based on this examination, I propose an alternative epistemology of men’s studies in gender geography by introducing phenomenology. The epistemology of phenomenology has clarified how we recognize the meaning of everyday world, and helps us to understand the nature of human cognition to gendered space. Men’s studies in geography, therefore, should not anticipate destabilizing to male identity and the space, but should examine the actual meanings for men, which can lead to construct space and place for gender equality.

著者

村田 陽平

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.5, pp.532-548, 2005-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The consideration of male bodies is a significant issue for gender studies in geography since they are an influential factor in constructing gendered spaces. Few studies, however, have paid attention to male bodies, a fact that contrasts starkly with the amount of attention directed toward female bodies. Thus, the objective of this study is to clarify how male bodies contribute to the construction of gender-differentiated spaces by investigating the representation of tobacco advertisements in Japan.In Japan, smoking is primarily a male behavior; the smoking rate for men is about 47%, whereas that for women is about 12%. This is because Japanese tobacco advertisements tend to represent male bodies and their spaces around them.This study uses Japanese tobacco advertisements in Japanese magazines during 1987-2000. Surveying these advertisements, the following five characteristics were more significantly associated with represented male bodies than with female bodies.First, male bodies are represented with natural scenery whereas female bodies are represented in artificial environments. This implies that male bodies are intended to challenge nature. The images also emphasize the vastness of their space.Second, male bodies are represented with few words, while female bodies are accompanied by many words. This means that male space is emphasized by quiet, dignified male bodies through the elimination of words.Third, male bodies are accompanied by women's eyes. This representation of women gazing deeply at smoking men leads to the acknowledgement of male smoking space. This also means that male space is supported by female bodies.Fourth, male bodies are represented with the gesture of exhaling smoke, whereas such representation of female bodies is controlled. This difference indicates that only males are allowed to control their space by breathing out smoke.Fifth, male bodies are represented with distance between each other, contrary to women's bodies. Male relationships are defined only by their work, women, and smoking in order to bridge the distance.In conclusion, Japanese tobacco advertisements represent male bodies and contribute to the construction of male space as well as suggesting how men's personal space is associated with the wide open spaces. On the other hand, this finding also means the advertisements are prejudiced and biased toward men and the spaces they occupy. Therefore, it follows that we need to elucidate the meanings of "ordinary" male bodies in daily spaces.

著者

村田 陽平

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.13, pp.813-830, 2002

被引用文献数

3

---

本稿の目的は,従来の地理学ではほとんど検討されてこなかったセクシュアリティの視点に注目して,公共空間における男性という性別の意味を解明することである.日本のセクシュアルマイノリティの言説資料を基に,「外見の性」という性別に関わる概念を分析軸として検討する.まず「外見の性」が現代の公共空間といかに関連しているのかを考察する.次に,男性の「外見の性」に意味付けられる女性への抑圧性を検討し,その意味付けを行っている主体は,女性のみならず男性でもあることを示す.そして,公共空間における男性という性別は,「外見の性」が男性である状態を意味することを明らかにする.この知見は,日本における「女性専用空間」の意味を考える上で有意なものである.

著者

村田 陽平 埴淵 知哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

E-journal GEO (ISSN:18808107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.154-170, 2011 (Released:2011-02-12)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

2 1

---

本稿は,保健師による地域診断活動の実態を明らかにしながら,健康の地理学の可能性を検討するものである.具体的には,中部地方A地域管内の保健所(2カ所)・市町保健センター(10カ所)の保健師を対象に,2006年10月から2007年2月にかけて地域診断実施に関する半構造化インタビュー調査を実施した.その結果,現状では,多くの保健師が地域診断活動に対して苦手意識を持っており,体系的・理論的レベルにおいて地域診断を十分に実施していないことが明らかになった.一方,暗黙的・経験的なレベルでは,保健師は,地域における人間関係や情報をつなぐ能力を持っていることも導出された.その上で,今後の保健師の地域診断への提言を示し,人間の主観性を射程に入れる健康の地理学の視点が,地域の多様な関係性を結ぶ役割を果たす保健師という専門職の再構築につながることを指摘する.

著者

村田 陽平 埴淵 知哉

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理学会大会 研究発表要旨 2007年 人文地理学会大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.601, 2007 (Released:2007-12-12)

---

回想法(reminiscence, life review)とは,1963年にアメリカの精神科医ロバート・バトラー(Butler,R.N)が提唱した,高齢者を対象とする心理療法の一つである。回想法の目的は,高齢者が専門家とともに,過去の記憶を辿り,今までの人生を振り返りながら,これからの自己の「生」に対する肯定感の獲得を目指すものである。回想法の実施により,自尊感情の高まりなど個人の内面への効果や,生活の活性化や対人関係の進展など社会面への効果等が指摘されており,バトラーの提唱以降,アメリカ,カナダ,イギリスなど欧米を中心に取り組まれてきた。日本でも少なからず研究や実践が進められてきたが,近年では,認知症や閉じこもり等,介護予防の一環として高齢者のQOL(生活の質)の向上に期待できるものとして注目を集めている。この動きの中で,従来は病院や介護施設(特別養護老人ホーム,老人保健施設)など限定された場所で行われてきた回想法を,「地域」の活動としてまちづくりの核に位置づける自治体がみられるようになってきている。そこで,本発表では,回想法を取り入れた2つの地域事例(北名古屋市「回想法センター」・恵那市「明智回想法センター・想い出学校」)の紹介を通じて,回想法と今後の地域づくりとの関係性を考える契機としたい。

著者

村田 陽平

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.6, pp.557-575, 2002

被引用文献数

3 3

---

The politics of space involving sexuality has been studied mainly from the perspective of women and of homosexual men. Women's studies of space make clear that space is not constructed for female sexuality but for that of males. Gay studies of space conclude that, though homosexual men are 'male', they are inclined to be alienated from spaces which are premised as being heterosexual. Otherwise, little attention has been given to the viewpoint of heterosexual men. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the politics of space involving heterosexual men in Japan.<br>This study picks up one of the statements which was brought up in the Japanese political world in 1999. It is the Nishimura's statement, which was claimed by Shingo Nishimura (a member of the Diet)-at the time, a parliamentary vice-minister of the Defense agency-in an article in the '<i>weekly Playboy</i>'. The statement was problematical because it contained positive statements regarding the nuclear armament of Japan and was also sexist. Sexism among Japanese politicians is not unfamiliar, but against this case there was an unprecedented opposition which came in the form of criticism by some members of the men's group in Tokyo. This paper clarifies this situation by analyzing some discourses on relevant texts, magazines and newspapers that reported the statement.<br>First, I point out the spatial structure of sexuality through which Nishimura's statement is premised, in order to elucidate why the discriminatory aspects of the statement were put aside in public space. This is because, in public space, sexual matters are recognized as being a problem of dignity and are regarded as the domain of private space. Otherwise, in private space, sexual matters are thought of as being natural, so Mr. Nishimura and the affirmative people did not recognize the opposition of women and claim that their opinions are sympathetic towards them. Namely, it is made clear that the statement assumes that public space is non-sexual and private space is natural. However, the spatial structure of sexuality has relevance to the one that suppresses both women and homosexual men.<br>Secondly, it is made clear how the spatial structure of sexuality is constructed. First, I indicate the place occupied by the '<i>weekly Playboy</i>' magazine. The magazine has contents oriented towards both private space and the public space of discourse. Secondly, sexual content has a function in public space. The reason that we overlook sexual discourse in public space is that sexual discourses are regarded as natural. So it is thought that private space within which sexual matters are contained was constructed before the construction of public space. However, in actuality, such a private space is a fiction whose logic is hidden. Thirdly, it comes to light how male heterosexuality works in public space. Women tend to be judged by their attributes, while men tend to be judged by their actions. So male heterosexuality is not regarded as a form of action but as an attribute. So long as male heterosexuality is recognized as an attribute, it is not problematized and reproduced in public space.<br>Thirdly, I explain the meanings of space for heterosexual men on the basis of discourses by heterosexual men who have an objective view towards Nishimura's statement. For example, members of the men's movement in Tokyo collected signatures against Nishimura's statement in a petition that was limited only to men. The reason behind it was not necessarily meant to exclude women, but was rather to stress the viewpoint of (heterosexual) men. They found that male members of the Diet did not accept their argument against Nishimura's statement. Though they recognized the sexual contents of the statement as a problem of public space, their argument was not recognized as a problem of public space. This case demonstrates that heterosexual men can also put into question the spatial structure of sexuality as their exclusive problem.

著者

村田 陽平

出版者

経済地理学会

雑誌

経済地理学年報 (ISSN:00045683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.169-170, 2011

著者

村田 陽平

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理学会大会 研究発表要旨

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, pp.29-29, 2005

---

最近の人口地理学において,2007年頃から増加する「団塊世代」の定年退職者が老後をどこで生活するのかという問題は、注目すべき課題の一つになっている。そこで本研究では,積極的に移住政策を進め,退職後の移住地として脚光を浴びる北海道伊達市の現状を報告する。伊達市は,道央胆振支庁に位置する人口約3万6千人の地方都市であるが,北海道においては温暖な気候を持つことから,「北の湘南」とも呼ばれている。この伊達市では,2003年度の基準地価上昇率(住宅地)で全国1位を記録したように住宅地開発が盛んに進められており,道内のみならず全国から多くの移住者が集まっている。本報告では,このような移住を大きく支えている伊達市の「伊達ウェルシーランド」構想という政策の現状を紹介したい。