著者

村越 真 小山 真人

出版者

Japan Cartographers Association

雑誌

地図 (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.1-11, 2007-12-31 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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From two experiments, effect of drill map presentation for reading task of hazard map was examined. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether providing specialized projected volcanic activity maps (drill maps) resulted in improved interpretation of publicly available volcanic hazard maps.In the first experiment, 113 junior high school students and 33 university students were required to formulate a plan of action in the event of a volcanic activity alert working in pairs. This task was carried out by two groups of participants: an experimental group and a control group. For the experimental group, a drill map showing projected lava flows from three different volcanic craters was presented before the task. The participants also filled out a questionnaire regarding their level of knowledge about volcanic hazards and their impressions about the task. Although no difference in performance was discernable in relation to the questionnaire responses, the general quality of plans produced by the experimental group was better than the control group.In the second experiment the task, carried outindividually, was to evaluate the urgency to evacuate at six different locations shown on a hazard map under three different hypothetical situations: 1) a volcanic activity advisory, 2) volcanic activity alert with an assumed crater location, and 3) volcanic activity alert with a different assumed crater location. Forty-two university students were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group participants were presented with a drill map and given an explanation of the drill map. The same task was also given to ten experts on volcanic activity. The evaluation of the threat was significantly different a one location (location E) between situation 2 and 3 in the control group while at three locations (A, C, & D) in the experimental group and at two locations (location A & D) in the expert group. Also, a comparison between the three groups showed that the evaluations of the experimental group were similar to those of the experts. This indicates that presentation of drill maps enables adults with no special knowledge about hazard maps to evaluate the urgency of the threat due to volcanic activities more accurately from hazard maps.

著者

村越 真 小山 真人 上西 智紀

出版者

日本地図学会

雑誌

地図 (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.3_17-3_27, 2011 (Released:2015-11-07)

参考文献数

20

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The purpose of this study is to examine characteristics of the Red Relief Image Maps (RRIM) comparing to contour maps and to search for suitable topographic expression for geological tours (geotours) in geoparks. An experiment of map reading tasks involving inclination comparison, ridge / valley judgement, and geological reasoning was conducted. The participants were 40 university students and 81 high school students. They were given the above tasks both with the RRIM as well as with normal contour maps except for the geological reasoning task. Results of the inclination comparison and ridge / valley judgement with RRIM and contour maps were compared among the participants and those of the geological reasoning was compared between each participant. The results indicate that the inclination comparison is better with contour maps than with RRIM while the geological reasoning is better with RRIM among university students. As to ridge/ valley judgement results, fifteen percent of the participants mistook all ridges as valleys and vice versa with RRIM. These results imply that the contour maps are better for grasping local characteristics of landforms while RRIM are better for comprehending large scale landform features so as to lead appropriate geological reasoning from maps. Utility and limitation of RRIM for geotours were also discussed.

著者

村越 真 満下 健太 小山 真人

出版者

日本地図学会

雑誌

地図 (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.1-16, 2020-12-31 (Released:2022-04-19)

参考文献数

51

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This study examined whether students can recognize the risk of natural hazards using topographic or hazard maps, and whether recognition accuracy improves by learning about the relationships between topographic features and hazards from the viewpoint of map literacy. An experiment was conducted with 37 student participants and 3 natural hazard experts. Risk evaluation of sediment-related hazards for 6 sites and floods for 5 sites was required with 7-point scale, both with topographic maps and with hazard maps. The selected sites were either high risk with the risks displayed, high risk without the risks displayed, or low risk, and the participants were randomly assigned either to the experimental group or the control group. The experimental group participants learned about the relationships between topographic features and the risk of natural hazards for 10 minutes, and the control group participants learned about the risk of natural hazards without mention of the relationships. Risk evaluations for the 11 sites were required twice, before and after the learning sessions. As a result, participants were able to evaluate the risk of natural hazards to some extent even with topographic maps, but there were also some sites where they could recognize risks first by using hazard maps. Evaluated risks for many sites declined when the hazard risk was higher but not displayed on the hazard maps, while the experts maintained risk evaluations for such sites. Free descriptions explaining the evaluations revealed that the experimental group acquired knowledge of the relationships between topographic features and risk of natural hazards from the learning sessions, but it did not appear to affect their evaluations of risk. Based on the results, it was argued that autonomous judgments of the risk of natural hazards required knowledge of the relationships between topographic features and risky area of natural hazards as well as the reasons for the relationships and topographic features that should be paid attention to. Theoretical and practical implications for map literacy were also discussed.

著者

村越 真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.177-191, 2010 (Released:2010-07-20)

参考文献数

29

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The 2007 statistics from 11 prefectural police departments in central Honshu (the largest island in Japan) regarding incidents in mountain areas were subjected to detailed analysis to assess the risk levels associated with mountain activities. These statistics were also compared with published statistics on mountain incidents that form the current basis for analysis of mountain incidents. The results of this analysis were: 1) The highest incidence rate is in the 50-69 age group for men, and the 40-59 age group for women. 2) A high percentage of incidents among people over the age of 40 and people getting lost reflected characteristic of incidents among people who were picking wild vegetables. 3) Incidents that were not officially classified as “getting lost”, but began when someone got lost their way, had a high risk of fatal injury. 4) Incidents that involved people getting lost were due not only to poor navigation skills but also to poor planning, a lack of general knowledge about mountain areas, and low basic skill levels. The importance of detailed analysis of mountain incidents for promotion of mountain safety is discussed.

著者

村越 真 中村 美智太郎 河合 美保

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14029, (Released:2014-10-27)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

---

Perception and management of risk by high altitude mountain climbers were investigated by qualitative analysis. Reports of high altitude mountain climbing collected from three books and 15 articles from mountaineering magazines were analyzed by the KJ method (Kawakita, 1967) and transcripts derived from semi-structured interview of six distinguished Japanese expert mountain climbers were analyzed by M-GTA (Kinoshita, 2003, 2007). The results indicated the following trends: 1) The desire for more fascinating high altitude mountain climbing routes inevitably leads climbers to face difficult and uncertain situations. 2) Such climbers are highly aware of the uncertainty derived from the high altitude environment and the exertion of climbing. 3) Because they are aware of this uncertainty, their decisions always waver between challenge and safety, and they always attempt to reduce the degree of risk. 4) Such efforts consist of two phases: risk reduction prior to the climb, and on-site avoidance of risk, each being characterized by mental simulation, avoidance of uncontrollable situations, and endeavours to salvage a positive result. 5) After the climb, ambivalent cognition between reflection on their optimism and achievement also emerges. Among all, mental simulation primed by on-site signs of risk, and risk evaluation from the viewpoint of controllability were regarded as keys to staying alive in high risk situations during high altitude mountaineering. Through this risk perception and management process, high altitude climbers possess a contradictory sense of “controllable risk” that enables them to engage in high risk activity. Overall, the characteristics of risk perception and management were similar among the materials obtained from books/magazine articles and interview transcripts. The characteristics of climbers' perception and risk management were rationalized by the characteristics of the natural environment in which they were climbing, and also from the viewpoint of the situated action (Suchman, 1987). The possible application of these findings to risk management in outdoor sports was also discussed.

著者

村越 真 満下 健太 小山 真人

出版者

日本地図学会

雑誌

地図 = Map : journal of the Japan Cartographies Association (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.1-16, 2020

著者

村越 真

出版者

金子書房

雑誌

児童心理 (ISSN:0385826X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.266-271, 2003-02

著者

村越 真 小山 真人 上西 智紀

出版者

日本国際地図学会

雑誌

地図 = Map (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.17-27, 2011-09-30

被引用文献数

1

著者

村越 真

出版者

Japan Cartographers Association

雑誌

地図 (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.1-8, 1989-06-30 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

13

著者

村越 真 中村 美智太郎 河合 美保

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.653-671, 2014 (Released:2014-12-20)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

2 1

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Perception and management of risk by high altitude mountain climbers were investigated by qualitative analysis. Reports of high altitude mountain climbing collected from 3 books and 15 articles from mountaineering magazines were analyzed by the KJ method and transcripts derived from semi-structured interview of 6 distinguished Japanese expert mountain climbers were analyzed by M-GTA. The results indicated the following trends: 1) The desire for more fascinating high altitude mountain climbing routes inevitably leads climbers to face difficult and uncertain situations. 2) Such climbers are highly aware of the uncertainty derived from the high altitude environment and the exertion of climbing. 3) Because they are aware of this uncertainty, their decisions always waver between challenge and safety, and they always attempt to reduce the degree of risk. 4) Such efforts consist of two phases: risk reduction prior to the climb, and on-site avoidance of risk, each being characterized by mental simulation, avoidance of uncontrollable situations, and endeavours to salvage a positive result. 5) After the climb, ambivalent cognition between reflection on their optimism and achievement also emerges. Among all, mental simulation primed by on-site signs of risk, and risk evaluation from the viewpoint of controllability were regarded as keys to staying alive in high risk situations during high altitude mountaineering. Through this risk perception and management process, high altitude climbers possess a contradictory sense of “controllable risk” that enables them to engage in high risk activity. Overall, the characteristics of risk perception and management were similar among the materials obtained from books/magazine articles and interview transcripts. The characteristics of climbers' perception and risk management were rationalized by the characteristics of the natural environment in which they were climbing, and also from the viewpoint of the situated action. The possible application of these findings to risk management in outdoor sports was also discussed.

著者

杉山 康司 中野 偉夫 村越 真

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.41, 1990-09-10

著者

満下 健太 鎌塚 優子 村越 真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.233-241, 2023-03-15 (Released:2023-03-15)

参考文献数

32

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The aim of this study is to analyze how accidents occur during recess under school management quantitatively with accidents data recorded by Japan Sports Council. In total, 823 accidents data in elementary school from 2005 to 2019 were analyzed by principal component analysis, which extracted five components for interpretation (destruction of glass, eye injury in ball game, being off balance, fall from a bar, and game of tag). Multiple regression analysis revealed the factors (age, sex, type of recess, and place of occurrence) that can affect the component scores on each dimension. Specifically, school grade affected scores of 1st and 2nd component score. Sex affected 2nd and 4th component score. Type of recess affected 1st and 5th component score. The place of occurrence affected each component score by some places. It is considered that this result represents how often each summarized situation occurs proportionately in each category with controlling confounders. From these analyses, some trends about how accidents under school management were indicated. It can be considered that quantitative analysis is one profitable method to analyze data of occurrence status and to understand the current situation about accidents under school management.

著者

LAMMING Mik FLYNN Mike 村越 真

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.16-25, 1995-02-25

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2

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コンピュータは記憶を助ける道具である一方, 人間の記憶負荷を驚くほど増加させてもいる. 「Forget-me-not」は, エピソード記憶に似た方法でデータを体制化し, 日常記憶の課題を支援するために開発中のコンピューティング・モデルである. 身につけることの可能なこのモデルは, 利用者とともに移動し, 利用者が遭遇する人や機器からの信号を記録することで利用者の出会ったエピソードを記憶する. 利用者は記憶の断片から「Forget-me-not」の検索機能を使って, 自分でも忘れかけている出来事を思い出すことができる. 本稿では開発中のモデルの仕様と実際の使用例について紹介する.

著者

村越 真 菊池 雅行

出版者

国立極地研究所

雑誌

南極資料 = Antarctic Record (ISSN:2432079X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.61, pp.81-107, 2017-11

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第58次日本南極地域観測隊員に,冬期総合訓練前後と出発直前の計3回,南極リスクに関する質問紙調査を実施した.その結果,①リスクに対する態度では「南極リスクの脅威」,「南極リスクへの効力感」の2因子が得られ,②両因子の得点とも経験者が高かった.③リスク対応の自己評価では,「作業工具による打撲等」「一酸化酸素中毒」が全時点で経験差がなかったが,他の南極特有のリスクの多くで経験差が見られたほか,④未経験者の「クレバス転落」「タイドクラック転落」への対応の自己評価で調査時期による向上が見られた.⑤発生可能性が場所に依存するクレバス,タイドクラック,ウィンドスクープ転落について,未経験者は経験者より発生を過剰に評価していた.結果より,訓練や全員打ち合わせ等による情報提供は,未経験者のリスク対応の自己評価を高めるが,場所に依存するリスクを十分に理解できていない点に課題があることが指摘された.A questionnaire was completed by members of the 58th Japan Antarctic Research Expedition before and after winter training, and shortly before departure. The questionnaire yielded the following results: 1) the factors "threat of risks in Antarctica" and "self-confidence regarding risks in Antarctica" were yielded from attitude items. 2) Members with JARE experience yielded higher scores for both factors. 3) There was no difference in the self-evaluation of measures to prevent "injury by work tool" and "carbon monoxide poisoning" between experience groups for all survey periods, but significant differences were observed among other risks in Antarctica. 4) Self-evaluation of members without JARE experience regarding "fall into tidal crack" or "fall into crevasse" improved over time. 5) Members without JARE experience evaluated the risk of "fall into crevasse", "fall into tidal crack", and "fall into wind scoop" to be higher than did members with JARE experience. It is concluded that information given at the training sessions improved the self-evaluation of members without JARE experience, although they may not comprehend that the occurrence of risks is dependent on site characteristics.

著者

満下 健太 村越 真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19048, (Released:2020-01-10)

被引用文献数

1

著者

村越 真 菊池 雅行

出版者

国立極地研究所

雑誌

南極資料 = Antarctic Record (ISSN:2432079X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, pp.81-107, 2017-11

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第58次日本南極地域観測隊員に,冬期総合訓練前後と出発直前の計3回,南極リスクに関する質問紙調査を実施した.その結果,①リスクに対する態度では「南極リスクの脅威」,「南極リスクへの効力感」の2因子が得られ,②両因子の得点とも経験者が高かった.③リスク対応の自己評価では,「作業工具による打撲等」「一酸化酸素中毒」が全時点で経験差がなかったが,他の南極特有のリスクの多くで経験差が見られたほか,④未経験者の「クレバス転落」「タイドクラック転落」への対応の自己評価で調査時期による向上が見られた.⑤発生可能性が場所に依存するクレバス,タイドクラック,ウィンドスクープ転落について,未経験者は経験者より発生を過剰に評価していた.結果より,訓練や全員打ち合わせ等による情報提供は,未経験者のリスク対応の自己評価を高めるが,場所に依存するリスクを十分に理解できていない点に課題があることが指摘された.A questionnaire was completed by members of the 58th Japan Antarctic Research Expedition before and after winter training, and shortly before departure. The questionnaire yielded the following results: 1) the factors "threat of risks in Antarctica" and "self-confidence regarding risks in Antarctica" were yielded from attitude items. 2) Members with JARE experience yielded higher scores for both factors. 3) There was no difference in the self-evaluation of measures to prevent "injury by work tool" and "carbon monoxide poisoning" between experience groups for all survey periods, but significant differences were observed among other risks in Antarctica. 4) Self-evaluation of members without JARE experience regarding "fall into tidal crack" or "fall into crevasse" improved over time. 5) Members without JARE experience evaluated the risk of "fall into crevasse", "fall into tidal crack", and "fall into wind scoop" to be higher than did members with JARE experience. It is concluded that information given at the training sessions improved the self-evaluation of members without JARE experience, although they may not comprehend that the occurrence of risks is dependent on site characteristics.

著者

橘 直隆 岡沢 祥訓 村越 真

出版者

筑波大学

雑誌

体育科学系紀要 (ISSN:03867129)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.115-122, 1989

著者

吉田 和人 杉山 康司 村越 真

出版者

静岡大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2006

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本研究では,卓球選手を対象に,スイングの回転半径の大小が異なる2つの打法(フォアハンドによるドライブ打法とフリック打法)における,打球直前の動作修正時のスイング様式を検討した.その結果,いずれの打法でも,イレギュラーバウンドにより打球までの時間が短くなった場合,遂行中のスイングの慣性モーメントを小さくするなどの動作修正がみられた.こうした素早い動作制御の検討では,動作の力学的特性に着目することが重要であると考えられた.

著者

吉田 和人 村越 真 杉山 康司

出版者

静岡大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2003

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本研究の目的は,ボールの視覚情報による卓球一流選手の瞬時の動作修正における反応のメカニズムについて,実験的に検討することであった.卓球選手2名を対象に、フォアハンドによるフリック打法とドライブ打法における,上肢の筋活動、手関節の動き,および動作に関する内観を測定した.試技は,配球者から送られる4m/s程度のスピードの無回転のボールに対する強打とした.配球には,公式ボール(レギュラーバウンド条件)と,イレギュラーバウンドが発生しやすいように表面を凹凸に加工したボール(イレギュラーバウンド条件)を用いた,加工ボールの存在については,被験者に事前に告知しなかった.結果および考察は以下の通り.(1)レギュラーバウンド条件において,被験者コートでのボールバウンドからインパクトまでの平均時間は,フォアハンドフリック打法の場合,被験者Aが205ms,被験者Bが208ms,フォアハンドドライブ打法の場合,被験者Aが243ms,被験者Bが303msであった.(2)イレギュラーバウンド条件における,被験者コートでのボールバウンドからインパクトまでの時間や,動作に関する内観から,手関節を中心とした小さな動きが主なフォアハンドフリック打法は,肩関節を中心とした大きな動きが主なフォアハンドドライブ打法と比べ,短時間での動作修正に適していると考えられた.このことから,動作修正に要する時間は,動作の力学的特性と関連していると推察された.(3)イレギュラーバウンド条件において打球直前の動作修正が知覚された場面では,上肢骨格筋に動作修正への関与が推察される放電パターンの観察される試技と,観察されない試技とがみられた.この筋放電パターンの観察されない試技については,瞬時の動作修正における筋の作用機序のさらなる検討が必要であると考えられた.