著者

服部 美咲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.169-172, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-04-22)

参考文献数

11

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Through the publication of articles on its website, Fukushima Report has attempted risk communication to contribute the residents of Fukushima following the TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident making the choices for their healthy lives on their own initiative, and their happy lives with conviction. This paper reports on our objectives, methods, and future plans.

著者

村上 道夫 大沼 進 柴田 侑秀 高田 モモ 小林 智之 後藤 あや 保高 徹生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-L-22-021, (Released:2022-12-26)

参考文献数

30

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The environment surrounding surveys requiring the cooperation of participants has been changing, with increasing awareness of the need to protect personal information and the use of online surveys. Issues such as how to respond to inquiries from participants, what should be communicated to relevant bodies in advance about the survey, and how to provide incentives and feedback to participants are important to ease tension and prevent conflicts between participants and researchers, or between researchers and relevant bodies, and to increase the public trust in researchers and the science. Based on the authors’ experiences, this letter summarizes notes for conducting surveys that require participants’ cooperation. As the social impact of research has been gaining increasing attention, it is expected that practical tips and views on conducting field surveys are widely shared.

著者

岸川 洋紀

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.131-142, 2023-01-15 (Released:2023-01-15)

参考文献数

40

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It is important for the decision making against COVID-19 to understand characteristics of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance. Many studies have shown that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was correlated with demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and incomes, but there has not been sufficient evidence whether COVID-19 fatigue affected public acceptance of vaccine. In addition, previous studies have discussed vaccine hesitancy without adequate consideration for the diversity of individual vaccination behaviors. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey of university students to investigate factors causing vaccine hesitancy and acceptance and to examine individual differences. Answers of 191 respondents were collected. Perceived risk toward COVID-19 did not influence vaccine intention, while concerns about vaccine side effects and unreliability of vaccine efficacy contributed to hesitancy. Respondents who believed that they might be relieved of COVID-19 stress after vaccination tended to accept vaccine. Vaccine hesitant respondents were divided into subgroups by cluster analysis. Reasons for hesitancy vary greatly among subgroups. A factor of hesitancy for one group was not always a factor for another group.

著者

奥田 知明 村上 道夫 内藤 航 篠原 直秀 藤井 健吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-0364, (Released:2021-04-30)

参考文献数

32

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Since airborne transmission has been considered as a possible infection route for the novel coronavirus in addition to contact and droplet infection routes, ventilation is an important measure against airborne route. In this paper, we describe the history of setting regulatory standard values and the interpretation of CO2 concentration as a measure against infectious diseases. Although the standard value of 1,000 ppm is not intended originally for infection control, it is practically useful as a guide value for potential infection risk management.

著者

Michio MURAKAMI Takashi NAGAI Michiaki KAI

出版者

The Society for Risk Analysis, Japan

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.R-22-008, (Released:2022-11-16)

参考文献数

76

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Risk analysis approaches involving risk assessment, management, and communication have been developed independently in radiological protection, food safety, and environmental sciences. Summarizing the commonalities and differences in risk analysis methodologies in these fields may contribute to updating future risk analysis. Therefore, this review summarizes the multifaceted perspectives of risk assessment, management, and communication, with actual application examples, by introducing the birth of risk concepts and various risk indicators, and the historical development of risk management and assessment. Particularly, reviewing the relationship of socio-psychological aspects, the importance of ethical and normative perspectives, and the role of dialog with stakeholders is helpful. Based on these reviews, we note that understanding and applying risk indicators across fields is necessary in comparing different types of risk events. Furthermore, we mention that the application of risk assessment that considers egalitarianism and maximin principles will become more important in the future when emphasizing the consideration of ethical and normative perspectives in accordance with the social context and needs from the field. We then discuss the challenges and the need to update the risk analysis for planning and crisis management. We argue that incorporating collaboration with stakeholders can lead to ethically and socially acceptable risk assessment, management and communication.

著者

安東 量子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.65-68, 2022-09-15 (Released:2022-09-23)

参考文献数

4

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The 23rd Fukushima Dialogue, a stakeholder meeting to discuss treated water from TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, was held in Naraha-machi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima Prefecture, in November 2021. Stakeholders from local communities and experts participated in the dialogue, as well as participants from overseas via an online connection. What emerged from the discussions were the issues regarding the decision-making process. This report provides a summary of the Fukushima Dialogue.

著者

横畑 綾治 石田 悠記 西尾 正也 山本 哲司 森 卓也 鈴木 不律 蓮見 基充 岡野 哲也 森本 拓也 藤井 健吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.5-28, 2020-09-25 (Released:2020-10-09)

参考文献数

87

被引用文献数

9

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging social risk with a rapid increase in cases of 5,200,000 and deaths of 330,000 (23/May/2020) since its first identification in Wuhan China, in December 2019. The COVID-19 is spreading all over the world as an emerging pandemic, and global society need fundamental risk management concepts against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human-to-human transmissions have been facilitating via droplets and contaminated surfaces to hands. Therefore, we developed the systematic review comprehensively using available information about coronaviruses on environmental surfaces and inactivation mechanisms of antiviral chemicals possible to apply as chemical disinfectants. The analysis of literatures revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can persist on environmental surfaces like plastics and glasses for up to 7 days, but might be efficiently inactivated with 45–81% ethanol, 50–80% 2-propanol, 0.05–0.3% benzalkonium chloride, various detergents, >0.5% hydrogen peroxide or >0.045% sodium hypochlorite within 30 sec–10 min or 30 min. As no specific therapies are available for SARS-CoV-2, we propose the risk mitigation on the contact infection route by anti-virus household products is promising for prevention of further spread via hands to mouth, nose, and eyes. and to control this novel social problem.

著者

中川 彩美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.67-76, 2023-10-20 (Released:2023-10-20)

参考文献数

46

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Even though the outbreak of sick school syndrome (SSS) and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in schools has recently been recognized as an issue, no sufficient countermeasures have yet been developed to deal with the health hazards as risk management. This study aim is to clarify the issues found in the model of risk management applied by the MEXT and in risk communication, which is the mainstay of risk management to ensure the safety of children, based on a case study of a school that suffered from chemical sensitivity, and to make suggestions for the improvement of the risk management guidelines in the future.

著者

関澤 純

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.31-42, 2022-09-15 (Released:2022-09-23)

参考文献数

73

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Recently attention is focused on the disposal of treated radioactively polluted water to the ocean from collapsed Fukushima nuclear power plant. Japanese government claiming safety of the treated water, is trying to mitigate “reputational damages” of Fukushima fishery people. However, there are real risks with the damaged plant, such as lowering of water level in the reactor vessel by a big earthquake early 2021. After the plant accident, Japanese government forced the Fukushima residents to leave their home towns by setting difficult-to-return zones, etc. Besides, Japanese government set new strict rules on radioactive pollution of foods. These regulations have caused difficult situations in living conditions of Fukushima people through long time evacuation and superfluous testing of many foods etc. Consequently, based on these critical governmental regulations, not only “reputational damages”, but real serious damages, are brought about to many people. Rules must be based on basic safe sciences and be reasonable in minimizing possible risks to people and the society. This paper is dedicated to the Ukrainian who suffer from unjustifiable war crime.

著者

村上 道夫 小林 智之 越智 小枝 後藤 あや 五十嵐 泰正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-0361, (Released:2021-05-19)

参考文献数

41

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A planning session was held at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis, Japan, with the aim of sorting out the similarities and differences between the Fukushima disaster and the COVID-19 pandemic, and discussing the implications for social policy. This paper reports on the planning session, entitled “Thinking about COVID-19 from Fukushima and Fukushima from COVID-19.” This paper reports on the topics including “Risk perception, psychological distress and social division at the Fukushima disaster and COVID-19 pandemic,” “Why Japanese people pursuit null-risk?: Lessons learned from the two disasters,” “Risk perception and resilience among mothers: Data from the Fukushima nuclear accident and COVID-19 pandemic,” and “Perspectives on societal risk trade-offs: Nuclear accident /pandemic.” Although the disaster and the pandemic have different characteristics, it was confirmed that there are many findings that need to be shared regarding various individual and societal risk issues, risk trade-offs, and measures to recognize and adapt to these risks. The significance of interdisciplinary and bird’s eye view disaster risk research across disaster types and disciplines was highlighted.

著者

永井 孝志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.97-100, 2023-01-15 (Released:2023-01-15)

参考文献数

6

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This paper presents “solution-focused risk assessment (SFRA)” as a useful approach for policy making. The purpose of risk assessment is not just to alert, but rather to support the decision as to which risk management measures should be taken. SFRA is to show several risk management measures and evaluate their risk mitigation impact, costs, risk trade-offs, and so on. Recent examples of SFRA were shown, including measures against COVID-19 and maritime safety. In addition, the factors may limit the implementation of SFRA were discussed. One of the factors is that the governmental sides don’t prefer the SFRA. Because they can transfer the responsibility to the experts for the explanation and results of the decision by explaining that “the decision was made by experts’ opinions” or “the decision was made based on science”.

著者

上野 雄史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.253-258, 2023-05-15 (Released:2023-05-16)

参考文献数

18

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the current status and challenges to the final disposal of radiocesium-contaminated soil and to explore a theoretical framework for building shared knowledge and collaboration among a wide range of stakeholders. It is difficult to make effective solutions about the issues only by accountability from stakeholders. It is necessary to build common goals for cooperation among stakeholders.

著者

藤長 愛一郎 岸川 洋紀 村山 留美子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.249-259, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-04-22)

参考文献数

52

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Since Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was spread in the world, we have been compelled to do infection controls such as putting a mask on, washing hands, avoiding contact to other people, and so on. However, it is difficult to know how effective the infection controls are. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide the information about the evaluation of the infection controls based on infection risk. In this study, infection risk was calculated semi-quantitatively. As a result, it is numerically shown that air-mediated routes such as droplets and aerosols are important for the infection. And also, it is effective to put a mask on, take social distancing, and ventilate as infection controls. If people could understand what infection controls are effective on the infection risk, the people would continue the infection controls in order to control COVID-19.

著者

高木 彩 武田 美亜 今野 将

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-0412, (Released:2022-12-09)

参考文献数

35

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In COVID-19, the use of science and technology is required to achieve a balance between infection control and the maintenance of socioeconomic activities. In doing so, people’s understanding and acceptance of science and technology are indispensable. Therefore, in this study, we took up three new technologies that contribute to COVID-19 countermeasures: contact confirmation application (COCOA), health observation application, and sewage surveillance, measured the cognitive and affective factors toward each technology and the attitude toward social acceptance, and examined the psychological factors that prescribe the acceptance attitude. The results showed that trust in performance, perceived benefits, perceived risks, and negative emotions toward the technology were significant determinants for all the technologies.

著者

古口 凌太郎 石橋 由基 田谷 元 安保 悠里子 伊豆藏 栞 奈良 由美子 堀口 逸子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-0383, (Released:2022-03-01)

参考文献数

22

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In 2020, COVID-19 had a huge impact worldwide. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan organized a “cluster countermeasure group” comprising public health and infectious diseases experts. They provided information about COVID-19 on Twitter. In this study, the text analysis software “KH Coder” was used to confirm the kind of information posted by these experts on the Twitter account. Scientific information, such as explanations of terms, future predictions of the spread of infection, and public health measures, were provided. Twitter account had played a role in providing scientific information. That is, we practiced risk communication. It helped to increase the trust of the account by receiving genuine certification from Twitter Inc. Text analysis helped assess risk communication.

著者

奥田 知明 村上 道夫 内藤 航 篠原 直秀 藤井 健吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.207-212, 2021-06-25 (Released:2021-06-23)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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Since airborne transmission has been considered as a possible infection route for the novel coronavirus in addition to contact and droplet infection routes, ventilation is an important measure against airborne route. In this paper, we describe the history of setting regulatory standard values and the interpretation of CO2 concentration as a measure against infectious diseases. Although the standard value of 1,000 ppm is not intended originally for infection control, it is practically useful as a guide value for potential infection risk management.

著者

高木 彩 武田 美亜 小森 めぐみ 今野 将

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.213-221, 2021-06-25 (Released:2021-06-23)

参考文献数

21

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Emerging information technologies are rapidly growing and expected to change the social systems drastically. This study investigated the relationships between knowledge and risk perceptions regarding new technologies such as AI, machine learning, self-driving, and VR. We conducted an online survey and measured the risk perception and basic scientific knowledge and domain specific knowledge (subjective and objective knowledge regarding emerging information technologies). The results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that the interactive effect of subjective and objective domain specific knowledge was significant. Participants who rated higher in both of subjective and objective knowledge perceived lower risk than other participants. Basic scientific knowledge was correlated with objective knowledge but not significant predictor of risk perception. The explanatory power of the knowledge factors was lower than institutional trust.

著者

永井 孝志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.147-153, 2021-04-25 (Released:2021-04-24)

参考文献数

12

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The present study investigated the rationale for the derivation of criteria in the measures against novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The following four cases were included in this study: the physical distance (social distance) of “1–2 m”; the criterion for ending isolation and returning to work after a COVID-19 suspected fever of “8 days after onset of fever”; the criterion for medical consultation and examination of “fever of more than 37.5°C for 4 days”; and the criteria for lifting intervention of self-restraint in each prefecture. These criteria could not be derived based on clear scientific facts in all cases. The actual processes of how the criteria were derived were organized.

著者

村上 道夫 坪倉 正治 鳥居 寛之 Yuliya Lyamzina 林 岳彦 宇野 賀津子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.259-263, 2023-05-15 (Released:2023-05-16)

参考文献数

8

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Social networking services (SNS) such as Twitter play an important role in the collective knowledge, consensus of citizens and decision making regarding various countermeasures. In particular, since SNS have great power to communicate information in the context of disasters and pandemics, scientists and administrators are required to understand how people’s collective knowledge and trust are formed through SNS and how to communicate risk and scientific information using SNS. Therefore, a special session entitled “Considering the state of scientific information dissemination during crises in the age of social networking” was held at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis Japan. Risk and scientific information dissemination using SNS regarding the Fukushima disaster was discussed: characteristics related to information diffusion on Twitter, the evaluation and fact check of information that influenced the evacuation behavior in Fukushima, and recommendations for scientific information dissemination in the age of SNS derived from these research findings. This paper introduces the contents of the presentations and discussions at the session.

著者

安東 量子 小林 智之 児山 洋平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.271-277, 2023-05-15 (Released:2023-05-16)

参考文献数

11

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The 24th Fukushima Dialogue, a stakeholder meeting to discuss the future of the recovery phase in Fukushima among the younger generation, was held in Naraha-machi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima Prefecture, in November 2022. Ten participants aged 18 to 35 discussed the current situation and what is needed to improve the situation. It was revealed that the younger generation is eager to engage in the decision-making process directly in the recovery phase.