- 著者
- 
             
             遠藤 正敬
             
          
- 出版者
- 一般財団法人 アジア政経学会
- 雑誌
- アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.56, no.3, pp.1-11, 2010-07-31 (Released:2014-09-15)
- 参考文献数
- 28
        Manchoukuo, founded in 1932 as a Japanese puppet-state, was a compound-national                    state, in which it was difficult to enforce nationality law and family                    registration (koseki) law. ‘Nation registration’                        (minseki) was enforced in 1940 as an alternative                    institution. The governments of Japan and Manchoukuo were faced with the                    difficulty of how to deal with the koseki of ‘Japanese subjects’, including Japanese, Koreans and Taiwanese, and how to treat their                    identities in Manchoukuo–this problem was exacerbated by the increase in the                    population of ‘Japanese subjects’ in Manchoukuo caused by Japan’s immigration                    policy. Japanese colonial rule required the Japanese, Koreans and Taiwanese                    inhabitants of Manchoukuo to have separate registered domiciles                        (honseki), which reflected their respective ethnicities.                    Changes in this status were not generally permitted. The Japanese government                    implemented the policy of requiring ‘Japanese subjects’ who had registered                    according to minseki also to register their                        koseki for the purposes of convenience. Consequently                    ‘Japanese subjects’ in Manchoukuo had dual registered domiciles,                        koseki and minseki. Although Japanese and                    Koreans had dual identities, ‘Japanese subjects’ and ‘Manchoukuo nationals’, the                    governments of Japan and Manchoukuo adopted the policy that ‘Japanese subjects’                    had priority over ‘Manchoukuo nationals’. Consequently, minseki                    were subordinate to Japanese koseki.The majority of Koreans in Manchoukuo had been omitted from Korean                        koseki. In 1939, The Japanese Governor-General of Korea                    coerced them into applying for registration. Japanese government decided to                    adopt conscription in Korea in 1944, and a Korean resident registration law                        (Chosen kiryu-rei) was enacted to register the persons who                    had not resided in honseki in Korean                    koseki.In Japan, the resident registration (kiryu) law had been in                    force in 1917 to register the Japanese who had resided in places other than                        honseki. In Manchoukuo, therefore, the                        honseki of ‘Manchoukuo nationals’ recorded in minseki did not match their                    actual places of residences. In 1943, the Manchoukuo government also enacted the kiryu law so                    that they could obtain the actual addresses of ‘Manchoukuo nationals’.‘Japanese subjects’ in Manchoukuo were bound by a system of triple registration.                    Under Japanese colonial rule, the koseki system had played an                    important part as a ‘safety device’ to distinguish the Japanese from the Koreans                    or the Taiwanese. However, the system also had the effect of determining the                        honseki of registrants. Consequently, the                        kiryu system was indispensable as a complement to the                    above-mentioned functions of the koseki system in the Japanese                    empire.