著者

松永 順夫 片田 清次

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.5, pp.205-206, 1963

著者

鈴木 英治 沼田 真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.129-142, 1982

被引用文献数

4

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Elymus mollis, an introduced species, was planted on the seaward slope of sand banks constructed along the coast of Kuju-Kuri Hama (sand beach), central Japan, some 15 years ago. Since that time, the zone of Elymus has advanced seaward at a speed of about 5 m/yr, which was 2.5 times as fast as that of land accretion. Since E. mollis produced few seeds at Kuju-Kuri, the advancement was solely caused by the elongation of new rhizomes, whose mean length amounted to 4.8 m. Certain native species such as Carex kobomugi established themselves behind the Elymus zone and was replacing E. mollis. Saccharum spontaneum var. arenicola, which was planted on the opposite (landward) slope of the banks, remained on the slope without further spreading, being gradually replaced by Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii. The mechanism of these changes and local differences in the semi-natural vegetation of the coast were discussed.

著者

沼田 真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, 1968

著者

沼田 真 山井 広

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.4, pp.166-171, 1955

被引用文献数

6

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1. A permanent quadrat of 1 sq. m. was laid in the abandoned farmland in the grounds of the Chiba University where a field experiment concerning the competition between crops and weeds was perfomed. The surface soil was cultivated, mixed, and weeded in January, 1953. There, the developmental process of a weed community was examined. 2. There, at first, appeared a herbaceous community dominated by Ambrosia artemisiaefolia which is often a pioneer plant in the bare area. After the death of the hog weed, the rosettes of Erigeron were found in abundance (Table 1). The hog weed was stratified into the upper and lower layers because of the divergence of the germinating period. It will be a kind of social adaptation (Fig. 1). 3. The combination of dominated life-form and migrule type according to the number of species Is Th-D_4-R_5,which is a usual type of weed communities in the farmland (Table 2). That according to the density is Th-D_1-R_5,which coincides with the first rank of the actual combinations (Table 3). In the growth form spectra (Table 4). the erect form and tufted growth exceed the rosette and prostrate form where the habitat is spatially segregated and especially the rosette plants are to dominate in the following year. 4. Concerning the organizing process of the weed community, the law of geometrical progression can be applied in August when the Ambrosia community of the aestival type arrived at the maximum development (Fig. 2). Such a linear relationship was not recognized before and after August. This is a balance of power relations among species in the form of seasonal aspection or early development. Then it is shown that there is an undulatory process of establishment and breaking in the organisation of a community. 5. The mean area of the commonnest species (M) is related closely with P (dominant ratio)=(number of individuals of the commonnest species)/(total number of individuals) and the gradient of a straight line showing the number of individuals-rank relationship (Table 8,9). The suitability of 2M as a sampling unit should be, in general, determined by the individual structure of a community, which is indicated partly by P and the gradient. The distribution type of the weed community was considered as the POLYA-EGGENEERGER type (Table 10).

著者

長谷川 眞理子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.281-286, 2007-07-31 (Released:2016-09-15)

著者

川勝 正治 手代木 渉 八木橋 元一

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.43-47, 1969-04-01

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The vertical distribution of freshwater planarians in the Tsugaru Peninsula in Aomori Prefecture (Lat. 40°40′N. to lat. 41°20′N. and Long, 140°10′E. to Long. 140°45′E.), the northernmost part of Honshu, was surveyed in 1966 and 1967. The Peninsula faces both the Tsugaru Straits and Mutsu Bay. The larger part of the Peninsula is covered with low mountains, of which the highest peak is 827 metres in height. The south-western part of the Peninsula is characterized by a level plain of cultivation. The main river system in the area surveyed is the Iwaki, which discharges into Juni-ko Lake and the Sea of Japan. In the area surveyed, six species of freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Phagocata vivida (IJIMA et KABURAKI), Phagocata teshirogii ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Polycelis auriculata IJIMA et KABURAKI, Polycelis sapporo (IJIMA et KABURAKI) and Dendrocoelopsis lacteus ICHIKAWA et OKUGAWA, were found. D. japonica was found to be common at the stations below the altitude of about 160 metres (inhabitable water temperature range, 8.0〜22.2℃). Ph. vivida was common at the stations below the altitude of about 380 metres (5.0〜21.8.C). Pol. auriculata was found in both the cold-water mountain streams and in some cold-water springs in the seaward district (0.5〜480m, 9.0〜14.0℃). Pol. sapporo, one of the common species in Hokkaido, was found at the stations below the altitude of about 120 metres (9.0〜21.8℃). It is an interesting fact that this species was rather common at the stations in the Tappizaki Cape district in the Tsugaru Peninsula. Small populations of Ph. teshirogii and Den. lacteus were found in the Tsugaru Peninsula. The type of the vertical distribution of the planarians in the area surveyed is (JSV)-JSVA-SVA-VA-A (J : D. japonica ; V : Ph. vivida ; S : Pol. sapporo ; A : Pol. auriculata). The geographical distribution of Pol. sapporo and Den. lacteus in Honshu were discussed. According to the best of our knowledge, Pol. sapporo has been recorded only from the northern side of the demarcation line drawn between the base of the Shimokita Peninsula and of the Tsugaru Peninsula (cf. KAWAKATSU 1965,p. 356,Fig. 5,1967,p. 125,Fig. 5). Den. lacteus has been recorded both from the Tsugaru Peninsula and in a little south of the southern demarcation line of distribution of Pol. sapporo (cf. KAWAKATSU, TESHIROGI, ISHIOKA & KASAHARA 1968).

著者

川勝 正治 手代木 渉 八木橋 元一

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.34-41, 1967-02-01

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In this paper, the vertical distribution of freshwater planarians in Hirosaki City, the Mt. Iwaki district (Lat. 40°30′N. to 40°50′N. and Long. 140°15′E. to 140°30′E.) and in the Juniko district (Lat. 40°32′N. to 40°35′N. and Long. 139°56′E. to 140°00′E.), all in the western part of Aomori Prefecture, Honshu, is reported. Mt. Iwaki (altitude, 1625 metres) is an extinct volcano of the Chokai Volcanic Zone and is situated at the south-western corner of the Tsugaru Plain. The Juniko district near the seashore of the Sea of Japan is characterized by many ponds or marshs. The main river systems in the area surveyed are the Iwaki and the Narusawa. The surveys were made in the summer of 1965 and in the spring and summer of 1966. In the area surveyed, five species of freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Phagocata vivida (IJIMA et KABURAKI), Phagocata teshirogii ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Polycelis auriculata IJIMA et KABURAKI and Bdellocephala brunnea IJIMA et KABURAKI, were found. D. japonica and Bd. brunnea were found to be common in many springs in Hirosaki City. Small populations of Ph. vivida and of Ph. teshirogii were also found in some of these springs. In the other districts of the area surveyed, D. japonica, Ph. vivida and Pol. auriculata were widely distributed. D. japonica was found in the stations below the altitude of about 525 metres (inhabitable water temperature range, 9.0〜25.0℃). Ph. vivida was found in the stations within the altitude range from about 40 to 620 metres (5.0〜15.0℃) above sea level. It is however clear that Ph. vivida is the species of nondominance in the western part of Aomori Prefecture. Pol. auriculata was common in the stations within the altitude range from about 200 to 1320 metres (5.0〜14.5℃). The type of the vertical distribution in the area surveyed is shown as J-JV-JVA-VA-A (J : D. japonica ; V : Ph. vivida ; A : Pol. auriculata). The geographical distribution and the breeding of Bd. brunnea were also discussed. According to the best of our knowledge, this species is distributed in Middle and North Honshu (from Kyoto City in the Kinki Region to the Shimokita Peninsula in the northernmost part of the Tohoku Region). In general, their active breeding season was from early February to mid-May. In one breeding period one worm laid one cocoon of 2 to 2.5mm in diametre. The hatching of the cocoons was observed within 23 to 37 days after the laying. In the laboratory cultures, 3 to 12 jveniles were released from one cocooon.

著者

中西 弘樹 福本 紘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.225-235, 1991-12-31 (Released:2017-05-24)

被引用文献数

8

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The vegetational zonation of sandy coasts in the San in District was studied in relation to depositional topography. The vegetation was divided into four zones (Z1-Z4). The first (Z1) was pioneer zone where only young plants were found in places. The second (Z2) was of grass communities which were divided into two subzones (Z2-a, Z2-b). Carex kobomugi was a dominant of Z2-a and Ischaemum anthephoroides of Z2-b. The third (Z3) was occupied by scrub demarcated by dominant growth of Vitex rotudifolia, and the fourth (Z4) was represented by plantations of Pinus thunbergii and Robinia pseudo-acasia. The Izumo coast faces north-west and receives prevailing NW-wind in winter and sand dunes develop. As dune height increases, Z2-a becomes narrower and Z2-b becomes wider. The Yumigahama coast, however, does not have prevailing winds in its front, so that dunes do not develop to make flat topography. The vegetation was found far from the shore-line. The Hojyo coast has well-developed dunes which are comparatively stable, because of the coarse beach sediments, leeward place and snow accumulation in winter. On the stable dune the narrow grasses of Z2 zone and Artemisia capillaris and Heteropappus hispidus var. arenarius on the third zone (Z3) were commonly found. The relationship between the zonation of the dune vegetation and topography was discussed with respect to the prevailing winds and the particle of the beach sediments.

著者

嶋田 正和

出版者

日本生態学会暫定事務局

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.669-670, 2016

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教わって真似することは、教える側の大事な第一歩であることを改めて悟った。また、松村さんの発言「フィードバックが重要。たくさんの人からフィードバックする仕組みをつくれば、教材はブラッシュアップしていく」は、実は、大学の生態教育の実習にも、大いに役に立つスタンスだと実感した。むしろ、学校教育や社会での生態教育の真の重要さは、将来、国土政策や農林政策に関わる行政官、初等中等教育の教員、ゼネコン企業の社員、環境経済学などの異分野研究者、自然を愛する小説家、科学ジャーナリストなど他分野を目指す多くの生徒や学生にこそ、であろう。彼らの人生に大きな影響を与える実体験を与えることが必要である。教育効果の観点からみれば、それこそ、アウェイではなく「本当のホームの生態教育」ではないか。

著者

山口 諒

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.151-169, 2019 (Released:2019-12-24)

参考文献数

145

被引用文献数

2

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生物多様性の創出要因である種分化は、基本的に長い時間を要する事象であるため時系列に沿った直接観測は難しい。そのため20世紀前半より、数理モデルを用いた理論的研究が種分化に関わる仮説の検証や新仮説の提唱に大きく関わってきた。しかし、種分化の促進要因は多岐にわたるため、それぞれの種分化が個別の機構によって説明されることが多く、未だ統一理論は存在しない。一方、野外データやゲノムデータをどの種分化シナリオと対応させ、どのように生物地理学的な議論を行うかは、まず関連する進化機構の整理と統合が必要であるため、一見したところ乱立して見える理論を理解することは欠かせない。本総説では、種分化を達成する際に障壁となる諸過程の整理から始め、どのようなメカニズムがそれらを乗り越えて生殖隔離の進化を促すかを概説する。非常に多くの生殖隔離機構やそれらの進化パターンから共通する要素を抽出し、種分化ダイナミクスにおいて鍵となるメカニズムを特定することが目標である。そのため、古典的な地理的要因の理論から、近年の潮流である生態的種分化まで広範なトピックを扱うが、基本的には遺伝的浮動と多様化淘汰を強める要因を俯瞰したい。数理モデルを背景としてはいるものの、生態学者を対象に理論の理解を促進することを目指すとともに、現在提示されている生態的な仮説に対してはできる限りその対立仮説を取り扱うこととした。また、すでに検証が行なわれている仮説や理論的枠組みが遅れている箇所を明記することで、今後の種分化理論の発展が期待される方向を示した。

著者

中須賀 常雄 馬場 繁幸 高畠 恵光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.27-33, 1990

被引用文献数

1

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During October 1986,excessive sap uptake by jumping plant lice (Heteropsylla cubana) caused severe damage to the canopy foliage of the Leucaena leucocephala scrub at a site in central Okinawa Island. From December 1986 to June 1988 a study was made of the vegetational succession on the floor beneath the damaged canopy. By the December 1986,two types of herbaceous undergrowth, zebra grass (Miscanthus sinensis) and the climber Ipomoea acuminata, had begun to grow. Investigations revealed about 4,000 seeds/m^2 to be burried in the topsoil, 35% of which were lost during half of the 1987 growing season. Seedling number gradually decreased due to both coverage by the herbaceous species and to the repeated attacks by jumping plant lice. The seedlings of broadleaved tree species were suptessed by zebra grass, and gradually decreased in number, whereas in stands of the climbing plant, they were able to maintain their numbers. The damage to Leucaena trees by jumping plant lice is so severe that reforestation by making coppices from remnant trees and the growth of seedlings on the stand floor does not feasible. Following the likely the stand floor destraction of the Leucaena scrub, succession may depend on the result of the competition between zebra grass and the seedlings of broad-leaved tree species.

著者

峰岸 有紀 青山 潤

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.201-207, 2019 (Released:2019-12-24)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

著者

常木 勝次 安達 之彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.4, pp.166-171, 1957-12-31 (Released:2017-04-08)

被引用文献数

3

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A horizontal, well sun-shiny area of 16×20 sq. m. in the precincts of a temple, deeply surrounded by trees and shrubs, inhabited by four species of ants-Camponotus herculeanus japonicus MAYR (abbreviated to C), Formica fusca japonica MOTSCHULSKY (abbr. to F), Aphae-nogaster famelica SMITH (abbr. to A) and Tetramorium caespitum jacoti WHEELER (abbr. to T)-was adopted as the observation ground. It was sectioned into a net of 2 m (partly 1 m)meshes and was baited at all corners of the meshes with such small insects as house flies and the like. All the baits were numbered by means of a tiny label respectively which was attached with a silk thread, in order to make clear their original positions even when they were carried afar by the ant. They were always replaced by another new ones as soon as dragged off. Observations were made as to the species and the nest of the ant by which the bait was found and transported. Also every event occurred during the transportation was recorded in detail. The investigation was conducted during 8-10 o'clock a.m. every day from Aug. 3 to 26,1956. The records thus obtained were put in order on a sheet of section paper per species (Figs. 2,4 and 5) and the foraging range of each nest population, its size, form and distribution, as well as its intra-and interspecific relations were investigated. Also the social order among the species concerned could be elucidated through the observation of their behaviour during forage and bait transportation. The results can be summarized as follows : 1) Habitat segregation and territoriality can be observed, as a rule, among nest populations of the same species (Fig. 2,4 and 5). Such relations, however, could not be confirmed, as a rule, between populations of different species, although there can be admitted some tendency towards such a segregation between A and T, A and F and C and A. 2) Foraging distance is greatest in F, next to it in C and much less in A and T, the last mentioned two being nearly equal to each other in the range of their foraging. (Fig. 3). 3) Social order among the species concluded from the observation of the behaviour at the time when they met with one another is A=T>C>F. While the ratio of the total number of the baits carried away by each species is C>T>F>A. However, when the dimension of the ants is taken into consideration, it comes to be efficiently T>F>C>A. Possibly this is the practical scale of the population prosperity among them.

著者

藤巻 裕蔵

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, 1972

著者

鈴木 時夫 梅津 幸雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.113-124, 1965-06-01 (Released:2017-04-08)

被引用文献数

1

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In den Gebieten vom inneren Kurobe, Tateyama-und Hakusan-Gebirge, gedeihen Zwergkieferngestrauche, das Vaccinieto-Pinetum pumilae, oberhalb der Waldgrenze ganz uppig. Alpine Heiden, das Arcterio-Loiseleurietum OHBA, befinden sich hier auch als eine Dauergesellschaft am Standorte, wo der Windsto B das Vorkommen der ersten Gesellschaft verhindert. Von der ersten kann man zwei Subassoziationen, cetrarietosum und rubetosum pedati, und von der zweiten Subassoziation noch vier Varianten kennzeichnen. Diese Assoziation gehort zum Verband Pinion pumilae, der Ordnung Pinetalia pumilae und der Klasse Vaccinio-Piceetea japonica. Das Arcterio-Loiseleurietum soll sich mit dem Loiseleurieto-Cetrarietum von den Schweizer Alpen in die neue Klasse der Loiseleurio-Cetrarietea ordnen lassen. Das Verband Arcterion wird sonst das Caricetoum Doenitzii im Berg Gassan umfassen. Das Vaccinio-Pinetum ist eine Pflanzengesellschaft, worin immergrune Nadelstrauche mit Bryochamaephyten vergesellschaftet sind : dagegen liefert das Arcterio-Loiseleurietum einen Platz zum Zusammenleben von Zwergstrauchen mit Strauchflechten. Floristisch erhalt das erstere die typische Verbindung von Pinaceen und Erikaceen von der Vaccinio-Piceetea, aber fur das letztere spielen Erikaceen und Cypteraceen eine Hauptrolle. Beide Assoziationen sind sonnenliebend und gegen die Schneedauen empfindlich, aber die letztere ertragt einen starkeren WindstoB. Das Vaccinieto-Pinetum pumilae ist durch den Eisenpodsol unterlegt, dagegen ist der Boden unter dem Arcterio-Loiseleurietum noch unreif. Die Xeroserie entspringt zuerst aus der Ryrophora-Rhizocarpon-Flechten-Gesellschaft auf den Felsen und dann tritt durch das Arcterio-Loiseleurietum und die Subassoziation cetrarietosum bis auf rubetosum pedati vom Vaccinieto-Pinetum pumilae ein. Die Sasa kurilensis Variante entsteht von der Torfserie aus dem Faurieto-Caricetum blepharicarpae. Die Sukzession ist tatsachlich kaum weiter fort zu erwagen.

著者

大塚 泰介 山崎 真嗣 西村 洋子

出版者

日本生態学会暫定事務局

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.167-177, 2012 (Released:2013-10-08)

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水田の多面的機能は、そこに生息する生物間の相互作用に負うところが大きい。水田にキーストーン捕食者である魚を放流して魚を放流しない水田と比較すれば、対照区つきの隔離水界実験(メソコスム実験)になり、水田の生物間相互作用を解明する上で有効である。水田にカダヤシを放流しても、カに対する抑制効果が見られないことがある。カダヤシはカの幼虫・蛹のほかに、その捕食者や競争者も食べるので、捕食による効果の総和が必ずしもカを減らす方向に働かないためである。メコン川デルタの水田に3種の魚を放し、魚を放さない水田と生物群集を比較した実験では、ミジンコ目が減少し、原生動物とワムシが増加し、水中のクロロフィルa濃度が増加するという結果が得られている。水田にニゴロブナの孵化仔魚を放流した私たちの実験でも、これと類似の結果が得られた。ニゴロブナの後期仔魚および前期稚魚はミジンコ目を選択的に捕食し、ほぼ全滅させた。すると放流区では対照区よりも繊毛虫、ミドリムシなどが多くなった。また放流区では、ミジンコ目の餌サイズに対応する植物プランクトン、細菌、従属栄養性ナノ鞭毛虫などの数も増加した。メコン川デルタと私たちの結果は、ともに典型的なトップダウン栄養カスケードとして説明できる。また、魚の採食活動が、底泥からの栄養塩のくみ上げや底生性藻類の水中への懸濁を引き起こしたことも示唆される。これとは逆に、コイの採食活動によって生じた濁りが、水田の植物プランクトンの生産を抑制したと考えられる事例もある。こうした実験の前提となるのは、魚が強い捕食圧を受けていないことである。魚に対する捕食圧が大きい条件下での水田生物群集の動態は、今後研究すべき課題である。

著者

和田 英太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.259-268, 2009 (Released:2017-04-20)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

6

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近年、生態学に二つの手法が導入され新しい地平を切り開いている。一つは種レベルのDNA解析で進化系統を解析する分子生物学的方法となっている。他は安定同位体精密測定法で生態系の物質循環の特長やその物質の起源・生成経路・食物網の構造を知る有力な化学的方法を提供する。この手法はここ10年我が国の生態学の分野において急速に広まった。ここではこの手法の近過去史の概要、この手法の現状での評価、生物圏における炭素・窒素同位体比分布則の骨格、食物網解析の問題点、環境科学への応用、今後の展望についてまとめた。

著者

阿部 永

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.221-227, 1976-12-31 (Released:2017-04-11)

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Seven hundred and sixty four specimens of Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae (THOMAS) were collected in a wind shelterbelt on the Ishikari Piain, Hokkaido, from May to November of 1966 and 1967,and 300 specimens of voles which had been reared in captivity were used for the determination of age criteria for wild voles. In the stage before the formation of separate roots in M^2,the features of eruption and wearing of M^2 and the neck formation in M^2 were employed as age criteria. Seven age classes were recognized in this stage of growth. After the formation of separate roots in M^2,root ratios {(root length/total length)×100} were used and divided into 12 classes. Growth rate of the separate roots was better in the laboratory-reared specimens than in the wild in the early stages of growth, but it was reversed in older stages. Maximum iongevity of this vole in the natural habitat appeared to be in the region of 70 to 80 per cent of root ratios. The deficiency in employing body weight and the length of head and body as age criteria was enumerated.

著者

島谷 健一郎 齋藤 大輔 川口 英之 舘野 隆之輔 井鷺 裕司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.165-178, 2004-12-25 (Released:2017-05-26)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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Genes move between plants through reproduction, in a process known as gene flow. There are various statistical methods for quantifying current spatial genetic structures of populations, and the recent development of highly polymorphic markers has made it possible to identify gene flow between individuals with high accuracy. Nonetheless, none of the previous methods provides satisfactory visual imaging of the continuously changing spatial genetic structure resulting from gene flow and reproduction. In this study, we developed visualization techniques for illustrating spatial genetic structures on commonly used spreadsheet files, for one specific case study. When combined with basic gene flow models over two generations, we can quantitatively assess the effects of ecological factors in reproduction on spatial genetic structures of offspring, together with visual illustrations. Consequently, for the specific population, we can easily recognize how spatial genetic structure is affected by the density of parents and distance distributions of pollen and seed dispersal, and that if the ratio of maternal adults succeeding in reproduction is small, then extensive pollen flow will be necessary in order to preserve the current genetic diversity.

著者

市岡 孝朗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.431-437, 2005

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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熱帯域には、アリ植物と呼ばれる、アリと密接な相利共生系を形成するように独特の進化をとげた植物種が多くの分類群にみられる。アリ植物は、茎などの組織を変型させて空洞を形成し、そこを巣場所として共生するアリに提供する。アリ植物に営巣する共生アリは、植食者からアリ植物を防衛する。東南アジア熱帯を中心に分布するオオバギ属植物には何種類ものアリ植物種が含まれており、広い地域で複数のアリ植物種が共存する。オオバギとアリとの間に成立する相利共生系には、パートナーシップに強い特異性が見られ、両者の関係のあり方や相互依存度の強さは、オオバギの種ごとに異なっている。そうした二者間の関係性の種間変異は、特に、アリによる対植食者防衛(アリ防衛)の強さとそれと相補的にはたらく植物の物理的化学的防衛(非アリ防衛)の強さのバランスに顕著にあらわれることが近年明らかになってきた。アリ防衛と非アリ防衛のバランスの種間変異は、オオバギをとりまく植食者群集や共生アリを捕食する動物の群集の多様化をもたらすことが考えられる。本稿では、現在までの研究をふりかえって、これまでに明らかになったアリ-オオバギ共生系の多様性を紹介するとともに、アリ-オオバギ共生系の多様性が、それをとりまく生物群集にどのような影響をあたえているのかといった問題を議論した。筆者とその共同研究者によるこれまでの研究の結果は、アリ-オオバギ共生系にみられる多様性が、この系に関連する生物群集の多様性を増大させる効果をもっていることを示唆している。