著者

村尾 修 山崎 文雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.555, pp.185-192, 2002-05-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

15 10

---

A number of building damage surveys were carried out for different purposes after the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake. The damage surveys by local governments intended its use for property tax reduction while the survey by the CPIJ & AIJ group aimed to get technical records. This paper presents building fragility curves based on the CPIJ & AIJ damage survey data for Nada Ward, Kobe City, and the detailed building inventory, structural type and construction period, provided by Kobe City Government. This paper also compares them with the fragility curves based on the local government's survey for property tax reduction to clarify the relationship between the two evaluations.

著者

木村 俊明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.790, pp.1655-1663, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

---

Since there is a close relationship between the form and force in the large span spatial structures, it needs to design a suitable structural form corresponding to the stress transmission. Furthermore, it is desired to construct efficiently with saving resources for reducing environmental loading. Structural engineers need to judge totally by considering various requirements (e.g. structural safety, aesthetics, constructability, and economics) for a short time. A structural rational form can be found easily using the optimization method. There are various studies of computational form-finding methods for large-span spatial structures. Recently, it has been applied for the realization of practical design. Generally, optimal shape tends to be a complex shape. According to the construction reports of its application, it can be confirmed that issues about constructability of complex shapes and reducing scaffolding material have been solved in the construction phase. It is significant to solve the construction problems during the early design phase by using optimization methods. Removing supports is one of the important construction processes for spatial structures. Generally, it is mentioned that depending on the support conditions during the removal process, the internal stress may be higher than those in the completed state in the RC large-span structures. From a point of view of safety, it is necessary to plan to remove supports carefully. Furthermore, planning for the construction process depends largely on the experience of the contractors/designers. In the case of complex shapes, it can be imagined that it involves a lot of trial and error and is extremely difficult. If the construction plan can be reasonably designed at the stage of the form-finding process, it will be possible to realize further resource-saving and efficiency of construction materials. There are a lot of studies about optimization for removing supports in the construction process of the truss or tensile structures. However, to the author's knowledge, there are a few studies for RC spatial structures. This paper presents a simultaneous optimization method for the large span spatial structures obtaining the process of removing supports in the construction and the shape of the completed state. An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the summation of the strain energy during removing supports. The optimization algorithm consists of two methods. The coordinates of B-spline control points are optimized using Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP). Furthermore, Local Search (LS) is used for obtaining the order of removing supports. It is shown in the numerical examples that not only obtaining strain energy minimized shape, react force and stress are suppressed during the process of removing through optimization. In the case of a 2D arch, the optimal order is to start from the end with removing the center at last. In the removal phase, it is effective to leave the center support during the removal to reduce bending deformation. By using this method, it can realize the construction plan for the supports considering both structural safety and constructive efficiency. Moreover, the proposed methods require less computational cost than the heuristic method shown in the numerical example. In the optimization using NP2, it is possible to obtain the solution with less computational cost than using NP1. However, the order of removal of supports becomes complicated. From a point of view of practical design, this result needs caution to avoid mistakes in construction.

著者

八木 尚太朗 伊山 潤 福島 佳浩 吉敷 祥一 石田 孝徳 清家 剛 山田 哲

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.788, pp.1400-1411, 2021-10-30 (Released:2021-10-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

---

From a viewpoint of continuous use of buildings after an earthquake, it is important to understand the behavior and damage progress of non-structural elements such as dry partition wall under a large deformation owing to earthquake, and to establish a method to monitor the condition of non-structural element in a qualitative manner as well as in a quantitative manner. In this paper, first the past studies on loading experiments for dry partition wall were summarized, showing that enough studies considering the effect of opening and the behavior of walls located away from beam location have not been done. Based on the review of past studies, a full-scale static loading test of steel moment frame with dry partition walls was performed. The specimen has two frames; one frame has a flat wall without opening and the other frame has a wall with a door opening and a corner in the frame. In the latter frame, some part of the wall is placed not directly under the beam. Static cyclic loading was applied, increasing the peak story drift up to as large as 1/33. In the experiment, visual observation was performed at each loading step. Rotation angle and vibration of the walls was also measured using MEMS acceleration sensors. The flat wall had relatively few board cracks and other damage. However, the boards on upper layer in the center part of the wall began to rock at the loading step of a 1/100 story drift. Then at 1/50, the boards showed out-of-plane deformation and when unloading after reaching 1/33, boards fell off. On the other hand, on the wall with the opening, a gap opening between the boards, and a crack on the L-shaped boards at the corner of the opening were observed at a relatively small story drift angle of 1/400. Regarding the wall located away from the beam, damage was concentrated on the wall which was orthogonal to the frame and not under the beam. The wall rotated around the vertical axis, and this was thought to be due to the difference of trackability to the structure between walls. Due to this behavior, a crack at the corner of the wall was seen at the story drift angle of 1/400, and at 1/75 the upper track opened, and studs were seen to come off. The rotation angle and the vibration of the walls were measured by MEMS acceleration sensors. The measurement result corresponded well with the damage observation. It was found from the measurement results that there were signs before damage and behavior of walls could be visually confirmed. Moreover, it was found that the vibration frequency of the damaged wall decreased (period became longer) as the loading progressed. This change may be representing the damage development in the wall. From these observations, it was confirmed that the MEMS acceleration sensor can capture small movement implying damage in partition wall in a quantitative manner, but more study should be necessary about the relationship between the measured deformation and the degree of damage and performance degradation, to utilize accelerometers for structural health monitoring of partition walls.

著者

村上 雅英

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.785, pp.1068-1073, 2021-07-30 (Released:2021-07-30)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

---

The formula for the full plastic nail arrangement modulus Zpxy which is used in the calculation of the ultimate shear capacity of the sheathed shear walls with any nail arrangement was theoretically derived by using the upper bound theorem.The unknown values are the rotation ratio (θx/θy) and the neutral axis positions (xo and yo) in the calculation.The difference between the calculation with the elastic values and the plastic values as unknown values is within 1.5%.

著者

五十子 幸樹 井上 範夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.655, pp.1653-1660, 2010-09-30 (Released:2010-10-20)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3 1

---

Study on frequency transfer characteristics of a displacement-dependent damper modeled by complex stiffness shows that it has advantage in reduction of base shear and maximum response acceleration of the superstructure of a base-isolated building compared with a conventional velocity-dependent damper such as an oil damper. To realize a displacement-dependent damper, a simple control rule to simulate the complex damping model for active or semi-active dampers is proposed.

著者

早川 崇 片岡 俊一 宮腰 淳一 佐藤 俊明 横田 治彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.650, pp.723-730, 2010-04-30 (Released:2010-06-14)

参考文献数

25

---

We estimated the fault of the 1924 Tanzawa earthquake (Mj7.3), which was the largest aftershock of the 1923 Kanto earthquake (Ms8.2). We could successfully reproduce the observed waveforms in central of Tokyo based on the estimated fault model. This is very important to investigate the characteristics of ground motions by M7 events occurring in the Tokyo Metropolitan area because we only have a few observed waveforms of such events in central Tokyo. Finally, we calculated ground motions around Tokyo metropolitan area by the estimated fault model. The simulated ground motions do not exceed the design spectra around the area but in west of Kanagawa Pref.

著者

今岡 克也 桜井 秀浩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.519, pp.47-54, 1999

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The 1997 Aichiken-Tobu Earthquake (M5.8) occured in 39 km depth beneath Mikawa region. By questionnaire survey method seismic intensitiy distribution was investigated to about 250 elementary schools in Mikawa region. And microtremor measurement have been carried out at the same schools. The purpose of this study is to interpretate the seismic intensity distribution from microtremor characteristics and souce effects. Seismic intensity increment is defined to be difference of seismic intensity of equivalent hypocentral distance in which source effects are excluded. In conclusion the period of peak horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of short-period microtremors is found to be in good agreement with seismic intensity increase. And the average of horizontal-to-vertical amplitude ratio of microtremors is better agreement with seismic intensity increase.

著者

磯部 大吾郎 レ ティタイタン

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.667, pp.1659-1664, 2011-09-30 (Released:2012-01-13)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

---

Fire-induced collapse behaviors of a high-rise building with an outrigger truss system were verified using the ASI-Gauss technique. The effects of fire patterns and structural parameters on the redundant strengths were surveyed by observing the collapse initiation time: the duration from the beginning of the fire until collapse initiation. From the numerical results, it is confirmed that collapse initiation times are significantly affected by the member joint strengths if the axial force ratio is small on the condition that the fire pattern is nearly symmetrical, and the load paths to and from the outrigger truss system are sufficiently protected.

著者

平石 久廣 吉益 幸寛 露木 裕史 喜々津 仁密

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.672, pp.259-264, 2012-02-29 (Released:2012-03-07)

参考文献数

6

---

This paper studies seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings under the effect of high wind. Three types of structures of earthquake-resistant construction, damper construction and base isolation construction, two types of seismic force of moderate earthquake and severe earthquake, and three different levels of wind load are investigated.Following items were found through this study; in the case that buildings form plastic hinge mechanism, they deform into one-way and show poor energy consumption, so, their deformation remarkably increases, and this increase is controlled if the damper with the same strength as the wind load is installed in the building.

著者

大森 博司 崔 昌禹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.552, pp.109-116, 2002-02-28 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 5

---

Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) method is one of the most powerful and promising technique for pursuing the optimal structural form among the other methods as the homogenization design technique and the bubble method. Although it is easy to carry out the calculation of ESO, there have been remained some weak points in its evolutionary process, by which inefficiency of calculation is caused or unreasonable solutions are concluded. A new method through the usage of the contour lines is proposed in order to remove such defects of the usual ESO as well as to enable the structures to not only be scraped off but also grow up toward the final optimal structures. Numerical examples on the structural form creation for plane structures subjected to multiple loadings as well as shell structures are demonstrated so as to show the potential ability of the present method toward effective structural design tools.

著者

山田 義智 東舟道 裕亮 上原 義己 崎原 康平

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.756, pp.139-148, 2019

被引用文献数

4

---

&nbsp;In order to conduct flow analysis of cement paste, mortar and concrete, it is important to obtain rheological constants representing the flow characteristics of the material. In this study, we measured cement paste's rheological constants by using rotational viscometer. Here, it was measured in consideration of flow history on cement paste. Furthermore, in this study, we derived the flow constitutive equation of the cement paste and proposed a marker particle visco-plastic finite element method. Using this marker particle visco-plastic finite element method, simulation of flow test of cement paste was attempted.<br>&nbsp;The results obtained from the experimental study and analytical study of this research can be summarized as follows.<br>&nbsp;Using a rotational viscometer, the flow curve of cement paste was measured for various shear conditions. It was confirmed that the flow curves of all cement paste samples can be approximated by the Bingham model under all shear conditions. And the obtained flow curve was approximated by the Bingham model, and the rheological constants (yield value and plastic viscosity) of the paste sample was determined. Thixotropy was confirmed in the flow characteristics of the cement paste sample from the obtained flow curves and rheological constants.<br>&nbsp;The cement paste was regarded as a visco-plastic fluid and derived the flow constitutive equation of visco-plastic fluid using overstress theory. The obtained flow constitutive equation considers non-Bingham characteristic, flow history, and pressure dependency of yield value. It was confirmed that the flow curves of cement pastes differing depending on shear conditions can be expressed by the proposed flow constitutive equation.<br>&nbsp;Marker particle visco-plastic finite element method was used to analyze the flow test of cement pastes. The results obtained by the analysis agreed well with the experimental results. Therefore, the marker particle visco-plastic finite element method and the rheological constants are effective.

著者

薫田 匡史 栗田 光樹夫 大森 博司

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.676, pp.899-904, 2012-06-30 (Released:2012-07-27)

参考文献数

9

---

Recently, the construction of the large astronomical telescope has been planned for better astronomical observation. In this project, it is necessary to design the structure of the telescope economically as well as easy to construct. Additionally homogeneous deformation of the supporting structure of the telescope is desirable to realize the stable supporting system of the main system of the telescope. However it is not so easy to design such structure, because the various tilt angle caused by the rotation of telescope for astronomical observation result in the large amount of the change in the external load. In this paper, the scheme of multi-objective optimal design for truss structures supporting large telescope are proposed and demonstrated in an actually constructed 3.8 m telescope. Using SPEA2 as multi-objective optimal method, where standard deviation of nodal displacements is adopted to evaluate homologous deformation, simultaneously satisfies the requirement of both weight minimization and homologous deformation.

著者

李 暁赫 杉山 央 小野 克也 藤本 郷史

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.703, pp.1215-1225, 2014-09-30 (Released:2014-09-30)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

---

Curing condition of concrete in early ages has a significant influence on the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The influence of curing condition in early ages on the carbonation of concrete was studied in this paper. Following results were obtained; 1) The accelerated carbonation depth of concrete depends on the strength at the age of 28 days. 2) Evaporation rate is a useful indicator of earlyage curing with respect to concrete carbonation.

著者

倉本 洋 勅使川原 正臣 小鹿 紀英 五十田 博

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.546, pp.79-85, 2001

被引用文献数

25 14

---

This paper shows a method of converting a multi-story building into the equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) system, which can be applied to performance-based seismic evaluation methods such as the Capacity Spectrum Method. The feature of the converting method is to use information obtained from non-linear push-over analysis. The validity and applicable scope of the converting method were examined through the earthquake response analyses for several regular and irregular shaped buildings in which the responses of the equivalent SDOF system and the multi degree of freedom system were compared. The analytical results showed that the earthquake responses of not only regular shaped buildings but also irregular ones can be predicted by using SDOF system converted by the proposed method. For relatively high-rise buildings, however, the higher mode effect should appropriately be considered to the response of SDOF system.

著者

山本 剛 井上 正文

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.724, pp.959-969, 2016 (Released:2016-06-30)

参考文献数

18

---

An eruption of Mt. Ontake on September 27, 2014, which was small scale stream eruption with about 500,000 ton volcanic products, caused 47 deaths and 6 missing. Though volcanoes take on serious aspect in actively in Japan, the concern with the effect of falling of volcanic ash in huge eruption to buildings has been growing. A large volume of ash fall can destroy a building or lead to a catastrophe causing tragic loss of human life. It is important to understand of a characteristic of sliding of volcanic ash depositing on the roof to estimate an amount of accumulation of volcanic ash on the roof. The aim of the present work is to observe behavior of volcanic ash on pitched roof and to understand the basic characteristics of the sliding of volcanic ash on the roof using a model testing. The model testing was carried out using a roof model consisted of two components: one was a roof and another was a supporting structure that held up the roof. These two components were jointed each other with a pin-connected which allowed the roof rotate and replace the roof to another type of roofs; an opposite side of the joint was connected to a crane attached on a ceiling in a laboratory. Four types of roof were prepared to investigate an effect of surface roughness of roof materials and shape of a surface of the roofs on the sliding. The types of roof covers were cement tile, plane Galvalume steel plate, plane Galvalume steel plate with straight line roofing and Galvalume steel plate with seven steel plates substituted for snow steps. The sliding of volcanic ash on the roof could be occurred when the crane pulled a free end of the roof upward. The pitch of the roof was increased until the falling of volcanic ash depositing on the roof was observed and a drop amount of the volcanic ash from a roof and a pitch of a roof were measured when the sliding of the volcanic ash stopped. Two kinds of volcanic ash which were spouted from Mt. Sakurajima in 2014 and from Mt. Shinmoedake in 2011 were accumulated on the roofs. Each roof had a unique characteristic of sliding of volcanic ash when a drop amount of the volcanic ash from the roof reached to same value. This result suggested that the sliding of volcanic ash on the roof depended on surface roughness of roof material and shape of a surface of the roof. A trapezoid model which approximated to a cross-section shape of volcanic ash on the roof was developed to calculate an angle of a slope φ of the volcanic ash which was a value of the angle of slope when the sliding was over. The angle of a slope φ was closed to an angle of internal friction when the pitch of roof was small; it gradually decreased close to 70% of an initial value. A pitch of the roof θMAX which was maximal angle that the volcanic ash could accumulate was calculated by extrapolation of the angle of a slope φ. The values were in the range of 21° to 26°. This result suggested that sliding would occur and could cause serious damage to buildings in huge eruption. These results indicated that the sliding of the volcanic ash would be one of issues in volcanic disaster prevention in Japan and the angle of a slope φ could be main factor to understand the sliding. Further research on angle of a slope φ was needed to clarify the characteristics of the sliding.

著者

小山 智幸 松藤 泰典 小山田 英弘 山口 謙太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.600, pp.17-21, 2006

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3 5

---

In this paper, the tendency of labor accident affected by hot weather ambience were analyzed and discussed. At first, severity of construction works was evaluated in relative metabolic rate (RMR), and temperature limit of works was shown as some index, such as the wet bulb glove temperature (WBGT). The frequency of heat attack occurrence correlated with the number of the days when the maximum temperature became higher than 30℃. Because many processes were executed over the temperature limit, labor accident tended to occur in hot season, and particularly the fall accident from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. due to high temperature.

著者

松島 信一 川瀬 博

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.534, pp.33-40, 2000

被引用文献数

15 12

---

We simulate strong motions in Kobe during the Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake of 1995 using a multiple asperity source model and a three-dimensional (3-D) basin structure. We derive a relatively simple rupture process, which consists of four asperities, using theoretical synthetics so that it matches the deconvolved bedrock motion at JMA Kobe. A realistic 3-D basin structure is constructed based on the exploration data. A 3-D finite difference method with fourth ordered staggered-grid scheme developed by Graves (1996) is used. The results show that with the combination of a relatively simple four asperity model and a 3-D basin structure, it is possible to reproduce strong ground motions in a wide area quite accurately. Peak velocity distribution is very similar to the JMA intensity distribution. From these results we confirm that we can reproduce strong ground motion in Kobe quite quantitatively by using a relatively simple source model that efficiently generate 1 second velocity pulses, together with a realistic 3-D basin structure.

著者

池田 孝 加藤 研一 植竹 富一 敦賀 隆史

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.633, pp.1951-1958, 2008-11-30 (Released:2009-10-28)

参考文献数

30

---

Fault models of the 1938 Shioyazaki-oki earthquakes, event 1 (May 23) and event 2 and 3 (Nov. 5), are characterized using the slip distributions on the fault plane by waveform inversion analysis. Stress parameters of each asperity Δσa are estimated as 37MPa for event 1 and 22MPa for event 2 and 3 from empirical Green's function method (EGFM) by simulating the seismic intensity of JMA observation stations which locate in near fault region. Short-period spectral level of event 1 is higher than those of event 2 and 3 which are as high as that of the 1978 Miyagi-ken-oki earthquake. The spatial distribution of seismic intensity 5 for each event is well reproduced by EGFM using the proposed fault model in this study.

著者

大野 晋 高橋 克也 源栄 正人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.544, pp.39-46, 2001

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

3

---

Attenuation relations of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and acceleration response spectrum in both horizontal and vertical components are estimated by regression analyses of California strong-motion data set, which contains many near-source records of shallow inland earthquakes. These attenuation relations can take into account the effects of fault extension, reflection from Moho, and nonlinear amplification of holocene stratum. By comparing with Japan inland earthquake data, it is confirmed that these attenuation relations are applicable to the estimation of strong motions on pre-Quaternary and Pleistocene strata for Japan inland earthquakes. However, in the estimation on Holocene stratum the applicability are decreased because area-dependent variations of soil amplification are large.

著者

李 建哲 谷川 恭雄 森 博嗣 黒川 善幸 三島 直生

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.588, pp.7-12, 2005

---

In this study, the rheological properties of fresh mortar and concrete were investigated experimentally by shear box test. The pore water pressure in fresh mortar and concrete was measured as an influence factor of rheological properties of fresh concrete. The cohesion and the coefficient of dynamic internal friction were represented from pore water pressure and shear stress measured in the experiment. As the result, it was clarified that the rheological properties is affected by the pore water pressure in fresh mortar and concrete. Moreover, the correcting method of shear stress in case of shear box test was obtained, and the cohesion and the coefficient of dynamic internal friction were quantified.