著者

齋藤 僚介

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, pp.59-78, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-09-11)

参考文献数

33

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This study aimed to identify the types of nationalists who will participate in political activities on the Internet. Since the 2000s, people who use the Internet to make xenophobic claims, such as the “Nettouyoku” and “Zaitokukai,” have been singled out. However, quantitative studies have not examined what type of nationalists makes people engage in political activities on the Internet in contemporary Japan. This study examined the types of nationalism and morality/emotion as psychological incentives for political activities on the Internet by focusing on three areas. First, based on the arguments of Opp (2009), Snow et al. (1986), and Higuchi (2014), it is predicted that the more one has xenophobic nationalism, the more likely one will engage in protest activities on the Internet. Second, from several existing theories, it is predicted that the more one is morally and emotionally dissatisfied, the more likely one is to engage in political activities on the Internet. Third, interaction effects between nationalism and morality/emotion is predicted. The hypotheses were tested through a quantitative analysis using web survey data and a hurdle model. The results suggested that people with the most xenophobic type of nationalism and a strong sense of justice were more likely to engage in political activities on the Internet. The results suggested that “Nettouyoku” engages in political activities on the Internet due to a sense of justice rather than dissatisfaction.

著者

倉橋 耕平

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.153-171, 2009-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

19

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Our concern i s to examine i ssues relating to the falsification of the NHK televisionprogram“ ETV 2001” broadcasted on Jan. 30, 2001. But here we limit ourdiscussion to the matter of press freedom. The judgment each pronounced bythe Supreme Court and the Tokyo High Court i llustrate the point. The formertook account of“ the freedom of expression” i ndemnified by the Constitution ofJapan, the latter condemned an i llegality of NHK for dereliction of i ts duty as acorporate body. It i s clear that there are substantial discrepancies betweenthem i n the concept of freedom.

著者

津田 正太郎

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.131-147, 2006

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss why John Reith, the first Director-General of the BBC, had sympathy for fascism despite his pursuit of the independence of broadcasting from government control. In Japan, it is hardly known that his political thought was quite elitist. This paper shows that it was his elitism to make him pursue independence of the BBC from government control. Because he distrusted government elected by mass votes, he tried to establish public corporations which might be independent from it and enable elites to control the society without suffering from mass democracy.

著者

永田 大輔 松永 伸太朗

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, pp.183-201, 2019-07-31 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

16

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In the 1970s and 1980s, the animation industry in Japan saw the emergenceof distinctive consumers, called “anime fans.” This brought quantitative andqualitative changes in products in the animation market. The aim of this paperis to reveal how animators dealt with this change and how they reformed theirworking culture. The authors have shown that the working culture underpinnedmarket movements in the 1970s and 1980s. Historically, animators preferred working as freelancers on a piece-ratesystem rather than as regular workers on a fixed salary. This was due to theirmeritocratic occupational norm. However, the number of animation programsincreased during the anime-boom period, and animators were forced to cooperatewith a much broader workforce to produce many programs suitable for thediverse demands of fans. This limited animators’ discretion. In this study, theauthors wanted to understand how it was possible for the animation industry tocontinue supplying the workforce necessary to adapt to market changes duringthis time. For this purpose, the authors analyzed texts in animation magazines fromthe perspective of the labor process theory, which explains the relationshipbetween workstyles and the transformation of markets. One of the key conceptsof this approach is workers’ shared norms. The authors also employedethnomethodology, which elicits vivid insights regarding such norms, to analyzeround-table talks and interviews with animators working at animation magazines. While animators understood the quantitative expansion of the animationmarket as limiting their discretion, there was a disparity in how they copedwith the situation. The older generation recognized their skills in detail andrelied on networks built by longtime co-working. The younger generationaccepted the new situation and found their occupational value in the new workingenvironment through the occupational image of “the artisan.” This imagereflected the new occupational competence and made the formation of peercommunities of young animators possible. This industrial transformation sustainedthe supply of a broad workforce, which drew on various expressions duringthe anime-boom period.

著者

葉口 英子

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, pp.116-133, 2003

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The five-minute music program 'MINNA NO UTA' (Everyone's Songs), which has been broadcast on NHK since 1961, has contributed to the popularization of new children's songs. It has created about one thousand tunes, influencing musical education and popular music in Japan. This paper explores the characteristics and meanings of this program by focusing on its text as well as the processes of its production and consumption. My research involved conducting interviews with directors and distributing questionnaires to audiences. My aim is to explain the uses of this program by audiences through their everyday lives and how this TV program contributes to creating new children's songs. My conclusions are, firstly, that this program has a distinctive history that has been flexibly transforming songs into appropriate styles for children in the TV age. Secondly, these songs played a role in constructing a national collective identity for everyone (including grown-ups), especially from the 60s to the 80s, because these texts have functioned as 'national music' mediated by a state channel.

著者

大久保 遼

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, pp.209-230, 2011-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

30

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This article analyzes the page layouts of photography magazines during the Russo-Japanese War, and it thus reveals the emergence of the "photographic construction of vision" in photography magazines, or the mutual referencing and montage between the photographs and the text on the same page. The page layouts of photography magazines are visually constructed not only by the photographs themselves but also by the relationship between the photographs and the text such as articles or captions. Such "photographic construction of vision" in these magazines is a historic phenomenon. Through an examination of the Records of the Russo-Japanese War (Nichiro senso jikki) and its special issue Photographic Pictorial of Russo-Japanese War (Nichiro senso shashin gaho), a study of the photography correspondents dispatched by these magazines, and a comparative analysis of the page layouts and the moving pictures of that time, this article reveals that the concept of photographic construction emerged in photography magazines around 1900. This finding can be confirmed by the following observations: (1) the editor's reflective consideration of photo editing, (2) mutual referencing between the photographs and the text, and (3) the photographic style of the montages used in the magazine. Finally, this article concludes that such photographic construction became more complicated and established in later periods, and that it came to be a precursor of the modernist movement in the 1930s and the war propaganda by means of photographs in the 1940s. Moreover, it caused distraction and lead to readers cursorily examining the relationship between the text and photographs without deconstructing this relationship.

著者

永田 大輔

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

no.88, pp.137-155, 2016-01-31

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This paper discusses the Video Tape Recorder (VTR) spread process in the 1960s and 1970s. Previous studies on videos have mainly focused on two aspects: (1) sexual media and (2) leisure communities' unique consumption. This paper examines how functions such as slow motion, which were usually used by the leisure communities only were prepared in the first process of family spread. This paper researches the industry paper Video Journal in the period 1968-1978. This industrial magazine has a different focus than that of leisure magazines. This magazine discusses multiple markets in the spread process. This paper will examine each market's demands, according to the industry magazine. From the 1960s to the 1970s the video market was supported by an educational demand. Video was a revolutionary media in audio-visual education. Education has diverse functional needs and feedback regarding these needs can reach the market through study groups. These unique functional demands of leisure groups later spread to family use. In the mid -1970s, Video Journal was conscious of the family market, but its development in this market had been late. First, this may be due to a lack of good content on video. But the true reason is the cost of video recording. Thus, the market could not identify families' needs for a long time, and could not predict the time of family spread. Furthermore, educational needs continued and their demand is left. Both family and educational needs continued and their demand is left. Both family and educational needs did not utilize video functions such as slow motion, which were only used by leisure groups.

著者

峰久 和哲

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, pp.39-58, 2010

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Japanese public opinion polls have introduced by GHQ after WWII, and they also have improved the quality much better than before by the cooperation with news organizations and mathematicians. Due to the start of election situation survey by Asahi newspaper at The House of Representatives election in 1958, public opinion functioned much important rolls with the election news by news organizations. For long time, search procedures are mainly examined by visiting each object person by examiners, however, since 1980s, each news organization attempted to use public opinion polls by telephone. After the 21 century, RDD (Random Digit Dialing) with random dialing by computers has spread. It is lower the costs and it is also easier to get survey result promptly, and then, 'Cabinet support rate' reported by more than ten news organizations each month has come and gone. However, due to the spread of cell phones, etc., this search procedure showed some limitations. Together with this fact, public opinion polls are facing huge crisis. About the issues in the society, survey object persons themselves do not form their own opinions and also do not think about the resolution, and they answer promptly to the public opinion polls. And then, the answer was easily induced by the amplification which was introduced during the making of questioners by news organizations. Following these result, we do not have to undervalue public opinion polls. They have important roles as to 'measure' the public opinions and to keep polishing fair examinations.

著者

永田 大輔

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, pp.209-227, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-09-11)

参考文献数

30

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This paper focuses on content acceptance centered on video in the late 1970s and 1980s. In particular, we will focus on how anime fans, the early adopters of the video format, experienced the content-accepting space.In the Japanese literature, there is a certain accumulation for the content receiving space for the anime fans, but It has not yet been discussed in connection with the transformation history of the broader content acceptance space. However, the process of transforming the receptive space of bookstores has grown, and it has become clear over time that this process historically conditions the development of a culture. However, no studies to date have specialized in video acceptance.Outside Japan, there has been one study focused on the spatial organization processes of video stores in the United States. In it, the development of video stores is described as a “geography of tastes,” and the relationship with the movie industry and the process of forming a receiving space in each region is clarified. However, the study does not clarify for consumers specifically how such a “geography of tastes” was experienced.To understand the relationship between anime fans and video, we used anime magazines as resources for this paper. The use of video was positioned differently in the amine fans’ groups, depending on the stage of penetration rate. While its rates were low, anime fans’ video collections were often exchanged in the informal fan community; however, as video stores became legal, the exchange of videos was discouraged. Therefore, a variety of information about video stores and the characteristics of the community of each video store were posted. Such information also tended to lose its meaning as franchising progressed. The experience history of video-receiving spaces is clarified in this paper, in light of the experiences of anime fans.

著者

斉藤 正美

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.88-103, 1998-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

被引用文献数

1

著者

小川 博司

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, pp.193-194, 2011

著者

大尾 侑子

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, pp.143-162, 2022-01-31 (Released:2022-03-29)

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After World War II, an action called the “Campaign against Bad Books (Akusho Tsuihou Undou),” rejected men’s entertainment/pornographic magazines, led by many mothers’ groups, police, and the government in Japan. As a part of this movement, in 1963, the “White Post Box” was placed in Amagasaki City, Kobe Prefecture, to collect “bad books.” This post box subsequently emerged in Tokyo in 1966 and spread to many other prefectures in the late 1960s. However, it is rare to see such a post box nowadays, and their number has been decreasing nationwide since the 1980s. This article discusses how this post box was omnipresent and used in the 1960s and the 1970s by exploring mass media discourses and representations. Mothers expected this box to serve as a gatekeeper in protecting underage children from so-called, “harmful books,” which were brought into their homes by the fathers. The police and the national government also wanted this equipment to become a symbol of the “Campaign against Bad Books” movement, to activate and accelerate this atmosphere. The reality differed from their expectations; people often used it as a garbage can. As the number of harmful books did not gradually decrease, the actors of this movement and mass media became indifferent to this box. Unfortunately, some people began to steal its contents, and finally, people started to consider it useless in the early 1970s. In conclusion, the White Post Box was a physical media that worked to visualize the discourse of “harmful media/non-harmful media” through its own body, by being placed in the public space. In other words, this equipment further contributed to this latent function than to a manifest function: gatekeeping to protect children from “bad books.”

著者

内田 力

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, pp.87-104, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-09-26)

参考文献数

21

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In the publishing world in the 1980s, as the number of publicationsincreased, visual expression came to be more pronounced in both magazinesand books. How did this change in publishing media affect the content of thepublications and their authors? By focusing on the case of Amino Yoshihiko(1928-2004)―a historian on the Japanese Middle Ages―this articleexamines the relationship between published media in the 1980s and thevisualization of history. In particular, it explores the extent to which Amino’scommitment to visualizing history was of his own accord. This article analyzes publications by Amino from the 1980s to elucidatehow his history books were connected with visual expression in the process oftheir production. After receiving opportunities to write in a PR magazine published by a company, he began to write on the subject of color and costumein history. Afterward, he acquired knowledge on historical paintings whileproofreading the Pictopedia of Everyday Life in Medieval Japan, New Edition(1984), and he made the best use of this experience to write his own bookThe Grotesque Emperor( 1986), which became one of his primary works.After writing The Grotesque Emperor, he collaborated with a painter toproduce a picture book for children and participated in two large-scaleprojects featuring visual expression. This article reveals that although he wasreluctant to commit to the work of visualizing history initially, he deepenedhis understanding of the subject through various publishing projects.Additionally, the publishing projects that he participated in grew in scale andrequired more initiative. This article also found that Amino collaborated witheditors as well as at times a painter to complete all of his works, as early asthe proposal stage.

著者

荒牧 央

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, pp.59-75, 2010-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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Due to the decrease of response rate and the inspection limitation of basic resident register recently, the execution of public opinion poll faces many difficulties. At once the response rate of face-to-face interview had from 70% to 80%, but because of the increase of temporary absence and refusal, recent response rate decreased to 50% level. Especially the increase of refusal become remarkable and in addition to the increase of privacy consideration as a background, the shortage of understanding for meaning of survey and the evasion feeling of visitation by interviewer may exist. To deal with such a temporary absence and refusal, there are some movements of reevaluation of self-registering investigation such as drop-off/pick-up and postal survey. Once postal survey has a shortage of low response rate, some examples show the high response rate recently. And the opinion pools which can use such register has been limited due to the change of inspection system in the basic resident register and electoral roll. Moreover, there are issues that criteria and procedure of right or wrong of inspection are not unified each autonomy level. Recently, while public opinion polls conducted by mass-media are mainly persuaded by telephone survey of RDD, RDD has some issues that the increasing of young people who does not have fixed-line causes distortion of samples. To study more about these issues related to public opinion polls, it may be needed to share and discuss with the fielding methods among survey organizations.

著者

栗田 宣義

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.131-152, 1999

著者

卓 南生

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.60-79,239, 1995-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

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"Nanpo"is the term used during the war era to describe South-east Asia. Extensive coverage of the region by the Japanese press began in September 1940 after the Japanese army invaded and occupied the French colony of Indo-China. The event sparked a five year long"Nanpo"news reporting craze. It was not untill the late 1960s, when the Japanese economy advanced rapidly Southward that the Japanese media would again to start to pay attention to South-east Asia. This study seeks to discuss and compare the changes in the stance of Japanese press reports on South-east Asia since 1940. A study of war correspondents' news reports on"Nanpo", as well as the lessons and experiences of post-war journalism will also be made.

著者

小川 有希子

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

no.54, pp.96-112, 249, 1999-01-31

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The purpose of this study was to propose a method of 'qualitative' content anlysis, and to examine its methodological usefulness by relating its results to the viewers' reactions. A televised drama, in which a committed teacher dealt with the problem of bullying the classroom was analyzed, and viewers' reactions to the drama were collected by a questionnaire and summarized. The content analysis was done in the following manner: First, the development of the drama was analyzed and then segmented into units. Second, the units were categorized into three negative stages and two positive stages in terms of the characters' mental state. It was found that this method of content analysis was quite informative for identifying the segments of the problem that probably induced each reaction of the viewers.

著者

佐藤 潤司

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

no.85, pp.185-204, 2014-07-31

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In this paper, I will specifically and objectively identify critical opinions on the mass media that have developed on the Internet about a report giving the real names of the Japanese victims of the hostage crisis of January 2013 in Algeria, and consider the structural factors of such criticism. The targets of this analysis are 1262 cases of opinions output from highly-ranked Web pages displayed on a search engine listing using fixed criteria. 7.1% of the opinions supported the news report, 68.5% of opinions did not support it, with other opinions accounting for 24.4%. The results of an analysis of opinions that did not support the report by using a text-mining approach did not necessarily indicate criticisms of the report that used the real names of the victims, but were an accumulation of various feelings of distrust against the mass media expressed on the Internet that were triggered by this news report. In addition, opinions that did not support the report were formed using language structures peculiar to the Internet; namely, a cyber-cascade that began at the point where people critical of the mass media became sympathetic and radicalized as unclear information spread on the Internet.

著者

山本 昭宏

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, pp.153-170, 2011

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This paper analyzes articles about nuclear energy in three science magazines, Kagaku Asahi (Asahi Science), Shizen (Nature), and Kagaku (Science), which were published in Japan in the 1950s. The analytical methodology used in the study is a combination of quantitative analysis and theory concerned with the agenda-setting function of the media. The study aims to reveal the relationship between the discourse found in the articles and Japanese opinions concerning nuclear energy development and radioactive substances, and to explore the qualitative changes in the discourse of the articles and the reasons underlying such changes. One conclusion that emerges from the quantitative analysis is that the number of discourses concerning nuclear energy increased between 1954 and 1955, and following this started to steadily decrease. Generally speaking, the Lucky Dragon 5 incident in 1954, in which the crew of a Japanese fishing vessel was exposed to nuclear fallout from US nuclear testing on Bikini Atoll, is considered to have started the anti-nuclear movement in Japan. At this time, in the science magazines, there was an increase in specialist discourses concerning topics such as nuclear reactors and methods of measuring nuclear fallout. In reality, almost all the scientists involved in nuclear energy research and development thought that they had no connection to the anti-nuclear movement. Based on a purely dualistic conception of good and bad, they continued to position nuclear energy as something to be used for good. From this perspective, it can be seen that in the Japanese science magazines of the 1950s, the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and its effects were understood only in a very limited sense.

著者

彭 永成

出版者

日本メディア学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, pp.125-142, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-09-26)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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This paper focused on a content analysis of the Zexy magazine to examinethe ideal marriage image constructed in it. Before the appearance of aspecialized marriage information magazine, the sources of information werelimited, so individuals (consumers) had little choice in their own weddings.Therefore, it can be said that the concept of a “marriage between twofamilies” was still emphasized in weddings. The appearance of specializedmarriage information magazines in the 1990s prompted a change inwedding culture back then.Among them, Zexy, which was launched in 1993, has changed from amagazine which was aimed to show information about married life, into amagazine which focuses on bridal information only about weddings. At the same time, it became clear that the ideal marriage conceptpresented in the magazine changed from a “marriage involving entirefamilies” in the 1990s to “a marriage between two individuals.” In addition,it is also revealed the process by which Zexy socially builds a wedding intoan event in which the bride has the right to make decisions.