著者

小池 伸介 羽澄 俊裕 古林 賢恒

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.19-30, 2003

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

9

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The authors studied the likelihood that seeds were being dispersed by the Japanese black bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus japonicus</i>) in a deciduous forest near Ashikawa Village, Yamanashi Prefecture. The forest was composed of 113 tree species. Japanese black bear ate fruits and seeds belonging to 37 species (including 7 unidentified). About 86.7 to 99.7% of seeds identified in 360 samples of bear feces were in good condition for 17 species (10 drupes, 5 berries, 1 multiple fruit of droplets and 1 pome). However, no intact seeds were found for 5 nut species. The germination rate of Yamasakura (<i>Prunus jamasakura</i>) seeds taken from feces was the same as for uneaten seeds. The results of this investigation suggest a high likelihood of seed dispersal by the Japanese black bear.

著者

満尾 世志人 西田 一也 千賀 裕太郎

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.1-9, 2010-03-01 (Released:2017-09-20)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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To evaluate how Lefua echigonia use paddy fields, we studied the so-called "yatsuda" paddy fields in Tokyo from April through November of 2006. The investigation consisted of trapping fish that migrate between the paddy fields and the irrigation channel, followed by a distributional survey at the channel. In the analysis, we compared the results of each item assessed for Lefua echigonia with those for Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and found that while both L. echigonia and M. anguillicaudatus bred in the paddy fields, the main breeding site for L. echigonia was apparently the channel. These results along with the observation that many juvenile L. echigonia enter the paddy fields suggest that the paddy fields function mainly as the growth place for L. echigonia. It was also found that L. echigonia tended to exit the paddy fields at the point of water entry.

著者

角田 裕志 土井 真樹絵 大平 充 満尾 世志人 千賀 裕太郎

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.59-66, 2012

参考文献数

26

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We investigated fish fauna in the littoral areas of Lake Saiko and Shojiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, Central Japan and compared them with those in previous studies. Two species have newly appeared in each lake: <i>Oncorhynchus masou masou</i> (Salmonidae) and <i>Pseudogobio esocinus esocinus</i> (Cyprinidae) in Lake Saiko and two Gobiidae species, <i>Tridentiger brevispinis</i> and <i>Gymnogobius urotaenia</i>, in Lake Shojiko. Three of these fishes are non-indigenous Japanese fishes and may have been introduced unintentionally in recent years, whereas <i>O. masou masou</i> was stocked for fishing by fishery managers of Lake Saiko. In Lake Saiko, the fish species composition has greatly changed and a goby, <i>Rhinogobius</i> sp. OR, has been dominated by another goby, <i>T. brevispinis</i>, during the past decade. In Lake Shojiko, species composition and dominant species has not changed and a goby, <i>R.</i> sp. OR, was the dominant benthic fish in littoral areas. However, we found that <i>T. brevispinis</i> has also invaded Lake Shojiko recently and greatly increased in number during the study period. The results indicated that unintentional introduction of non-indigenous fish species may have frequently occurred with fish stocking in recent years.

著者

小寺 祐二 神崎 伸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.67-78, 2001

参考文献数

9

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To analyze the status of wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>), crossbred of pig×wild boar farming, and those feral populations, a written questionnaire was sent to 47 prefectural government offices, 679 branches of Dainippon Ryoyukai (Hunters Club) and 42 farmers. A verbal survey was also conducted on farmers in Gunma, Wakayama, Hokkaido, and Aomori prefectures. Breeding farms of wild boar and crossbreeds existed in 30 (63.8%) and 22 (46.8%) prefectures, respectively. The number of farms trippled between 1955 and 1964. It was the highest in the 1980s and the most popular motivation was to attract tourists. Feral crossbreds have been discovered in 36 prefectures (76.6%). The sources of feral animals were mostly unknown (69.8%). However, 0.9% of feral animals were reported to have been released intentionally. Almost half of the hunters (43.3%) surveyed responded to a question concerning their opinion of feral animals and they agreed to eliminate the animals. 23.0% welcomed them as hunting resources. Breeding was regarded as an industry that reinvigorated the local economy in Wakayama and Gunma prefectures. Delay of counter measures caused the feral crossbreed population to survive in Hokkaido.

著者

助野 実樹郎 宮木 雅美

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.43-66, 2007

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

5

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We surveyed the vascular flora on the Nakanoshima Islands in Toya Lake, Hokkaido, Japan, during the years 2002-2004. Here, the impacts of an excessive population of sika deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i> Temminck) have lasted for more than 20 years. The present survey found 150 plant species in 68 families on the islands (excluding the species recorded only in the areas impossible for the deer to enter), a decrease to 32.6% of the 460 species surveyed in 1977. The survival ratios of herbaceous, shrub and tree species were 18.8% (n = 67), 35.0% (n = 14), and 62.5% (n = 40), respectively. The survival ratios of herbaceous and shrub species were lower than for tree species. These results suggest that shrub and herbaceous species, which utilize the same space as deer, were more affected by the deer compared to the tree species. Numbers of alien plants did not change since the first survey, and the failure to increase was probably because of heavy foraging pressure. In recent years, deer have started foraging on unpalatable plants such as <i>Cephalotaxus harringtonia</i> var. <i>nana</i> and <i>Senecio cannabifolius</i>. The current findings suggest that the flora on the island change rapidly in response to pressure from browsing deer.

著者

小池 伸介 岩井 大輔 佐藤 伸彦 高野 徹

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.31-41, 2007-09-10

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We investigated the environmental conditions of Alnus japonica forests as Neozephyrus japonicus habitat along the Arakawa-River, Saitama Prefecture, in 2004 and 2005. N. japonicus was observed in 40 of the 87 forests (46.0%). We measured 11 microhabitat characteristics in each forest and compared them to determine the specific requirements of the butterfly. A. japonica forests inhabited by the butterfly were younger, and the total stem diameter and coverage of flowering plants in June and July were larger than those not inhibited. This suggests that younger trees are suitable for larval growth and that flower abundance in June and July is an important factor. Significant negative correlations were detected between average tree age and total stem diameter and coverage of flowering plants, suggesting that more flowering plants are found in younger forests. This also indicates that younger forests are more suitable for the butterfly. The younger A. japonica forest has more flowering plants than mature forest edges. To conserve and maintain butterfly habitat, we recommend that A. japonica trees be cut down periodically and allowed to regenerate. This approach can be expected to promote young A. japonica forests with many flowering plants, suitable for both the larvae and adults.

著者

三戸 幸久

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3_4, pp.111-126, 1995 (Released:2017-09-06)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

1

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From the mid-1800s to around 1950, the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) was rarely seen by humans, because this animal had decreased greatly due to being harvested as a natural resource. After 1950, however, wild monkey parks were opened one after another, contributing to the local economy, nature-education of the general public, conservation of monkeys, reduction of crop damages and scientific studies. In 1972, there were 35 parks in total. But from thereon, the number of parks started to decrease again, which was caused by various problems, such as an increase in the running cost, decrease in the number of visitors and poor sanitary conditions. A steady rise in the number of wild monkeys also caused an increase in damages to crops and human dwellings. Important recommendations by naturalists, scientists and nature conservationists for improving the situation of the parks in regard to educational, scientific and nature conservation aspects have been ignored by commercial and administrative authorities. Nevertheless, efforts to improve the situation continued because of the overpopulation of park monkeys and the serious damages caused by them. As a possible solution to this problem it was suggested recently to return the animals to their natural habitat by gradually decreasing and then completely stopping their support, slowly integrating them into the ecosystem again, thereby contributing to public education and nature conservation in cooperation with local museums of natural history.

著者

三戸 幸久

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3, pp.111-126, 1995

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

1

---

From the mid-1800s to around 1950, the Japanese monkey (<i>Macaca fuscata</i>) was rarely seen by humans, because this animal had decreased greatly due to being harvested as a natural resource. After 1950, however, wild monkey parks were opened one after another, contributing to the local economy, nature-education of the general public, conservation of monkeys, reduction of crop damages and scientific studies. In 1972, there were 35 parks in total. But from thereon, the number of parks started to decrease again, which was caused by various problems, such as an increase in the running cost, decrease in the number of visitors and poor sanitary conditions. A steady rise in the number of wild monkeys also caused an increase in damages to crops and human dwellings. Important recommendations by naturalists, scientists and nature conservationists for improving the situation of the parks in regard to educational, scientific and nature conservation aspects have been ignored by commercial and administrative authorities. Nevertheless, efforts to improve the situation continued because of the overpopulation of park monkeys and the serious damages caused by them. As a possible solution to this problem it was suggested recently to return the animals to their natural habitat by gradually decreasing and then completely stopping their support, slowly integrating them into the ecosystem again, thereby contributing to public education and nature conservation in cooperation with local museums of natural history.

著者

野生生物保護学会 [編]

出版者

野生生物保護学会

巻号頁・発行日

0000

著者

伊藤 徹魯 藤田 明良 久保 金弥

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.51-66, 2001-07-31

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We studied nine marine mammal records from two old Korean texts, Chinese writting, Goshu-enjimon-chosen-sanko (Goshu's long, scattered manuscripts) and Chosen-Ocho-jitsuroku (A Korean True Account on the Monarchial Age). Four of the records were identified or assumed to be on the Japanese sea lion (Zalophus californianus japonicus) and five on larga seals (Phoca largha). The Japanese sea lion lived from the end of 17th c. to the beginning of the 19th c. and the larga seal from the 3rd c. B.C. to the end of 18th c. Two places where the sea lion are reported to have lived were Ullung-do in the Sea of Japan, and the estuary of the Tumangang in northeastern Korea, bordering on Russia. One place that the seal is reported to have lived was Kangnung located on the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula. The other four places were somewhere around "the eastern waters", broad area containing the Bo Hai, Huang Hai and Sea of Japan. We confirmed that sea lions had had a breeding colony at Ullung-do at the end of 18th c., and estimate that their population size was substantial during three periods, the end of 17th and 18th c. and the beginning of 19th c.

著者

山田 芳樹 佐々木 功 佐々木 均 原内 裕

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1-2, pp.1-8, 2013-07-01 (Released:2017-09-07)

参考文献数

25

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We examined the escape rate and escape time of 4 carabid beetles, namely, Cychrus morawitzi, Carabus granulatus yezoensis, Damaster blaptoides rugipennis, and Leptocarabus arboreus ishikarinus, for 4 types of ditch blocks, namely, U-shaped ditch blocks, modified U-shaped ditch blocks with textured inner surfaces, Hydsel® type I ditch blocks, and Hydsel® type II ditch blocks. D. blaptoides rugipennis alone could escape from the U-shaped ditch blocks within the predetermined amount of time. Among the ditch blocks examined, the U-shaped ditch blocks were the most difficult to escape from, and the Hydsel®(types I and II) were the easiest to escape from. Although the escape rates for the modified U-shaped ditch blocks and the Hydsel® ditch blocks were the same, the beetles took more time to escape from the modified U-shaped ditch blocks than from the Hydsel® ditch blocks (types I and II).

著者

櫻井 龍彦

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.63-92, 1999-12-28 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

64

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Many myths, legends and old folktales tell the story of the negotiation process between a human being and nature. By retelling the story through the perspective of development, we can see how human beings objectify the natural environment, and how they contextualize and relate to it. To assess these processes, this paper does the following : 1) analyzes these tales in relation to paddy field development, forest development, and urban development, 2) abstracts the Japanese view of nature and concept of the divine, 3) explains the power of the 'epistemological discourse' of folktales, 4) considers whether this power can be efficacious in dealing with today's urgent global problem of protecting the natural environment. 5) The problems included in Environmental Ethics such as 'Native Title', the issue of land ownership rights for aboriginal peoples, 'The Rights of Nature', awarding the right to existence for all natural things including inanimate objects, the concept of 'stewardship' which is found through a close reading of the Bible are considered from the perspective of the potential of folktales.

著者

佐藤 忍

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.31-42, 2013

参考文献数

16

---

In contemporary Japan, in order to ensure the sustainability of resources, the traditional practice of hunting is on the decline; this perspective on hunting wild animals is related to conveying a symbolic message to people living in the urban areas. In this report, I comprehensively investigate the concept of "attachment" or "kindness" to animals and try to verify whether the "Matagi" (bear hunters), who still practice traditional hunting in Japan, can be considered cruel. Once, I caught it at a place far away from a hunting area, and they were brought together and discussed. The object reached active hunters, retired hunters, wives, schoolchildren, educators, myself, and many others. Although, hunting appears to be a cruel act, to hunters, hunting comes naturally. However, they are only hunting their feeling are such kinds. We should bear in mind that hunting involves not just the killing of animals but also some special activities closely related to his occupation. I believe that an understanding of wild animals existing among people in the context of Japan's biodiversity would aid the development of the nation.

著者

鹿野 たか嶺 柳川 久 野呂 美紗子 原 文宏 神馬 強志

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.39-46, 2010-03-01

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We studied the effectiveness of electronic deer whistles in scaring away sika deer that are likely to run onto roads, resulting in accidents. These whistles have been used in the U.S.A. and other countries. In this study, two types of deer whistles were tested: one that has a continuous tone with a fixed frequency (Whistle A) and the other that has an intermittent tone with a modulated frequency (Whistle B). To assess the effectiveness of the whistles in alerting deer, the deer's reactions to the whistles were observed by blowing the whistle from a fixed place that is visible to the deer when they appear by the roadside. For the control sample, deer's behavior when no whistle was blown was observed. When no whistle was blown, 51% of the deer were on alert about the observers. When Whistle A was blown, 67% of the deer were on alert; this figure increased to 95% when Whistle B was blown. The time durations for which the deer were alert when no whistle was blown, Whistle A was blown, and Whistle B was blown were 20%, 42%, and 73%, respectively. These results indicated that the deer whistles are effective in alerting deer, and that Whistle B is more effective than Whistle A. Vehicles can be equipped with deer whistles to alert deer about on-coming vehicles so as to prevent them from crossing roads, and consequently reduce deer-vehicle collisions.

著者

和田 一雄

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.93-120, 1997-01

被引用文献数

2

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In Russia, sea otter (Enhydra lutris) harvest started in 1741 when Bering's expedition arrived at Bering Island and the animals nearly became extinct during the following twenty years. Shortly thereafter sealing of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) started and continued. A Russian monopoly, the Russian-American Company, managed Russian colonies and the land sealing industry from 1799 to 1867. Sealing of northern fur seals at sea started in 1866, and soon its harvest exceeded that of on land. For prohibiting sealing at sea Canada, Japan, USA and USSR contracted the Interim Convention on Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals in 1911 (ICCNPFS). Since the eighteen century, sealing history is divided to three stages : 1) first stage of natural resource plundering with territory, 2) second stage of marketing management during the period of the Russian-American Company (1799-1867), 3) third stage of preliminary natural resource management during 1868 and 1911.

著者

和田 一雄

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.3, pp.141-163, 1997-02

被引用文献数

2

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Japanese sealing of sea otters and northern fur seals directly entered the stage of marketing management without passing through a stage of natural resource plundering, and it may be considered that sealing had advanced to next stage of preliminary resource management by Meiji's social revolution in Japan. Under the support of the "High Seas Fisheries Activity Promotion" treaty that was established in 1897, Japanese sealing started and abruptly developed. On the other hand, USA and England made a contact with each other concerning sealing at sea management which led to a prohibition of sealing at sea. This was in contrast to previous seal harvest irregardless of sex or age. The Japanese government was obliged to honor an international agreement (ICCNPFS), and sealing advanced to the natural resource management as the forth stage. After the second world war, with the increase of animal research activity, ecological management as the fifth stage started. The United States currently follows the Marine Mammal Protection Act which is based on natural resource management through marine community dynamics. It is expected that Japan too will advance its policies to marine community management as the next stage.