著者

千賀 則史 SENGA Norifumi

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, pp.21-33, 2016-12-28

---

The purpose of this study is to explore the diversity and possibility of psychological support in the field of child welfare by taking up the practice at a child guidance center and a child welfare institution as a subject for discussion. Since a clinical psychology in Japan has developed centering on psychoanalytic therapy, the primary emphasis is on individual psychotherapy in a room, which focuses on the internal world. However, in order to solve child maltreatment it is necessary to have the idea of improving daily life and the environment of children and parents by creating a social network because children are immature and strongly influenced by the external environment. Therefore, it is required for a child welfare psychologist, as a member of the multidisciplinary team, to go out of a room to approach not only the internal world but also the external world. The greatest characteristic of the support system at a child guidance center is a multidisciplinary team approach. The assessment and planning of all cases of a child guidance center are carried out collaboratively by the council system, in which a psychologist is expected to play a role in psychological assessment. Since child maltreatment became a social problem, a child guidance center has been asked to actively intervene in the family suspected of child maltreatment for the purpose of child protection. As a result, the workers at a child guidance center in Japan sought for a new approach, until safety oriented child protection frameworks such as Signs of Safety Approach (SoSA) and Partnering for Safety (PFS) were introduced from foreign countries. In the field of child welfare institutions, psychological support is provided in daily life instead of in a room. It is essential for a psychologist to approach not only an individual child by play therapy but also the environment surrounding a child by consultation for the care workers. A psychologist in a child welfare institution is expected to promote a therapeutic function of network support by bringing the perspective of clinical psychology. It is necessary for a child welfare psychologist to take an integrative approach based on daily life, which deals with both the internal and the external world because child maltreatment occurs when the bio-psycho-social multidimensional factors are complexly intertwined. With the diversity of clinical psychology increasing in this way, unique and innovative approaches such as Holonical Therapy and Open Dialogue have been established as a possibility of new types of psychological support. Although there are already many good practices in the field of child welfare, there are few academic theses which collect such clinical wisdom. It is an urgent task to construct the psychological support model which is effective in the field of child welfare.

著者

藤江 里衣子 FUJIE Rieko

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.29-38, 2009-12-30

---

There is such experience as feeling incompetent in spite of one's outstanding accomplishments. Clance and Imes focused on this experience, and proposed a new concept "impostor phenomenon". In this study, researches on the impostor phenomenon were overviewed from the viewpoint of characteristics of the phenomenon, the trends of research before the proposal on it, its background, the relevant variables, and the measurement scales. As a result, it was revealed that there was ambiguity in the definition of the impostor phenomenon, in the significance of proposing this concept, and in the reality of it. In the future research, it is necessary to define the impostor phenomenon and to reveal the reality of it. Moreover, on the assumption that the impostor phenomenon as a state, its generation mechanism model was showed.

著者

吉田 琢哉 YOSHIDA Takuya

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.69-79, 2007-12-28

---

There has been a number of research on emotion regulation, especially on anger regulation. However, the monitoring aspects of emotion regulation and response styles of anger regulation have been separately explored. Existing scales have taped various monitoring aspects, which would be extracted to four kinds of monitoring: monitoring skill of one's own emotion, monitoring orientation of one’s emotion, monitoring of others’emotion, and situation monitoring. Based on these perspectives, the present research examined the role of each monitoring aspect on use of anger regulation tactics in two different interpersonal relationships: non-intimate target with higher status and intimate target with equal status. In preliminary study, emotion regulation monitoring scale was established to cover four aspects of monitoring. Factor analysis confirmed four-factor structure and construct validity was also confirmed in relation to self consciousness, others consciousness, and self esteem. Then the relationship between these four aspects of monitoring and four types of anger regulation tactics: emotional anger expression, anger expression with target concern, suppression, and reappraisal. As predicted, results showed that situation monitoring suppressed use of emotional anger expression in both agent conditions. Toward non-intimate target with higher status, situation monitoring promoted use of reappraisal, which also supported hypothesis. Toward intimate target with equal status, however, situation monitoring had no effect on use of anger expression with target concern. As to other monitoring factors, skill of monitoring one’s emotion suppressed use of reappraisal toward non-intimate target with higher status. Neither orientation of monitoring one’s emotion and monitoring others’emotion showed any effect on anger regulation tactics. As no effect was found on anger expression with target concern, the role of interpersonal skill was discussed in relation to social information model.

著者

佐藤 暁子 金井 篤子 SATO Akiko KANAI Atsuko

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.111-117, 2017-12-28

---

In recent years, studies on resilience have been increasing at home and abroad. One of the reasons of this increase is that resilience has attracted a lot of expectations because it is believed to enhance social adaptation. However, in the studies on resiliency so far, we have had no sole fixed definition for this concept of. In these studies, the term “resilience” was used in different ways, and the methods and the objects of these studies were different as well. Therefore, we have had a lot of confusion over this concept. In addition, the differences between the concept of resilience and the psychological stress model are not clear, either. In this paper, we will review how the resilience concept developed in studies of abroad. Also, we will cover the existing issues while providing the overview of the current status of resiliency studies in Japan.

著者

緒川 和代 OGAWA Kazuyo

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, pp.123-136, 2014-12-26

---

This paper reviews 50 case studies of dissociative disorders in Japanese children and examines the feature from the standpoints of “age of initial diagnosis”, “gender”, “diagnosis”, “family background”, “life episode”, “symptoms”, “type of therapist”, “therapy style, technique and theory used”, “length of treatment”, and “convalescence”. Results clarified that, before reaching the age of 15, few children of dissociative disorders seek medical consultation despite showing signs of illness. Also it is possible that “an abusive growing environment”, “parents with hands-off policy or over-protective child-rearing attitude”, “a good boy/girl personality”, and “traumatic episodes such as being bullied or sexually abused” are some of the indicators used in identifying child dissociative disorders. The paper concludes that dissociative disorders among Japanese children should be identified earlier in life by assessing his/her growing environment, parents’ child-rearing attitude, personalities, and traumatic episodes, and professional personnel should refer these children to appropriate medical treatment as soon as possible.

著者

丸山 真名美

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.131-140, 2001

---

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

著者

井手 裕子 IDE Yuko

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, pp.57-65, 2015-12-28

---

This paper focuses on mirroring as an intervention in language development and, through reconfirmation of its definitions and an overview of studies on approximate concepts, examines effects of the mirroring. The mirroring is defined as becoming synchronized with emotional conditions of infants and reflecting them like a mirror. This is considered to serve an important role in encouraging infants to increase their self-awareness by functions of giving feedback, controlling emotions, maintaining communication, and sharing feelings. During language development of a child, imitation by his/her mother plays a role in enhancing the child’s understanding of language and nurturing his/her sociality. The mirroring is always accompanied by the mother’s behavior for attracting the child’s attention. As preceding studies show, for drawing attention of young infants, more salient behavior is needed. The above-mentioned knowledge suggests that in order to make the mirroring more effective it is necessary to give guidance to attract children’s attention as well as recommending the mirroring itself. Therefore, further study on a role of the attention-attracting behavior in the mirroring is expected.

著者

石井 僚 ISHII Ryo

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, pp.83-91, 2016-12-28

---

The current study is a review of time perspective studies in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Time perspective was first conceptualized by Lewin (1951), and was involved in field theory. It is defined as “the totality of the individual’s views of his (or her) psychological future and psychological past existing at a given time.” It has been thought that time perspective has an effect on the present behavior of an individual. Since the time that this theory was first introduced, research has increased on various topics related to this concept, especially in the area of clinical, motivational, and developmental psychology. Adolescence and emerging adulthood are critical periods for time perspective, because time perspective develops in these periods, and the developmental tasks associated with these periods are closely related to time perspective. Many studies have examined the relationship between time perspective and identity, which is the developmental task in these periods, and have revealed a relationship between future orientation and positive attitude toward time, and identity achievement. However, previous research has not specifically investigated the identity formation processes. In addition, the focus of previous research concerning time perspective has been biased towards future time. Because of this, it is imperative that future research focuses on both the identity formation process and product, with emphasis on not only the future, but also the past and present as well. Finally, previous research has not paid appropriate attention to time perspective until the death of the individual. The perspective of time, based upon the finiteness of life, can certainly influence adolescent and emerging adult development. Thus, future research should examine this issue further

著者

藤野 真行

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, 2020-01-31

著者

陳 佳怡 松本 真理子 CHEN Jiayi MATSUMOTO Mariko

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, pp.1-6, 2020-01-31

---

Asians have shown a tendency of being reluctant to seek help from others. It is important to not only understand what factors affect help-seeking in order to promote help-seeking behaviors, but also necessary to examine the influence of situational differences and cultural background in help-seeking. In the present review, studies of help-seeking in China were classified into 4 categories: 1) demographic variables, 2) personality variables, 3) network variables, and 4) helper and method. In general, the findings from the literature on revealed many studies on gender differences, type of helpers and help-seeking behaviors, but very few studies were found on the psychological factors that affect help-seeking among Chinese students compared to other countries. Consequently, this gap points to the need for more research emphasis on Chinese children and adolescent 1) help-seeking intentions and attitudes 2) the psychological variables which affect Chinese children and adolescent help-seeking behaviors, and 3) help-seeking attitudes among Chinese international students studying abroad.

著者

小川 一美 Ogawa Kazumi

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.173-183, 2000-12

---

In the development of any interpersonal relationship, impression formation in the early stages is crucial. The current research focused on the initial encounter will examine the variables of the dyadic balance in the amount of speech exchanged, and the impression of the partner, as well as the conversation. The major findings were as follows : (1) better impressions of both the partner and the conversation were seen in dyads which were characterized by a good balance in disclosure; (2) better impressions of the partner were seen in dyads in which equal time at questioning each other were made, and in dyads in which the subject made more verbal reinforcement than the partner; (3) a positive correlation between the perception that the partner disclosed more than the self, and the desirability of the impression of the partner were seen; (4) a positive correlation between the impressions formed during the conversation and the anticipation of future exchanges were seen.

著者

千賀 則史 SENGA Norifumi

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, pp.57-68, 2014-12-26

---

The purpose of this study is to explore the current situation and tasks regarding psychological supports for family reunification at child guidance centers. Recently, child maltreatment has become a serious social problem and the number of the cases of child maltreatment accepted and dealt in child guidance centers has rapidly increased since 1990’s. Since the Child Abuse Prevention Law was enforced in 2000, child guidance centers have been reinforced to intervene in the families suspected of child maltreatment. However, the role conflict occurs because child guidance centers have both roles of compulsory intervention and family reunification. It is a difficult and complex work for child guidance centers to build constructive relationship with the parents who are compulsorily intervened. At the field of child protection, community approaches such as outreach and network supports based on multi-institutional collaboration are essential in order to provide necessary services for the involuntary cases of child maltreatment. While there are various factors causing child maltreatment, it is significant for the workers to evaluate not only risk factors but also protective factors. Even if there are many risk factors, protective factors may act as buffers to prevent child maltreatment. Among the cases which achieved family reunification, 50 percent of children returned home within a year and a half, and 70 percent within three years. Meanwhile, 50 to 60 percent of the reunified families got back together with some problems to be solved in a long term; 11 to 14 percent of the cases were re-intervened as child maltreatment case within a year. In practice, it is impossible to solve all of the problems within such a short term. It is necessary to build social support network so that the children can live in the community despite some problems left unsolved. In Japan, 44 percent of child guidance centers use Common Sense Parenting (CSP), and 26 percent of them apply Signs of Safety Approach (SoSA) as family reunification programs. While CSP is a parenting program to give parents effective discipline skills, family reunification is developed by the approach not only to parents but also to children, family and extended family members. Therefore, it is essential for the workers to have not only the perspective on an individual but also the perspective of community psychology, or an ecological perspective on the person-environment fit. SoSA is a safety oriented child protection framework which focuses on the interaction between a person and society. One of the features of SoSA is that it integrates the role of crisis intervention with that of family reunification, so it can be extended to the general social work process. Partnering for Safety (PFS) is a family and safety-centered approach which integrates various theories including SoSA. PFS has useful tools such as ‘The Safety House’ which help the children and their parents participate in the casework process. Through the process of psychological supports for family reunification above, the core role of child psychologists at child guidance centers is to make psychological assessments, which help to share the understanding of the cases and to facilitate collaboration with the workers. As child psychologists are now expected to work in a team, it is required to construct a new psychological support model which takes account of team approach.

著者

玉井 颯一 五十嵐 祐 TAMAI Ryuichi IGARASHI Tasuku

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, pp.77-84, 2014

---

Ostracism, the act of ignoring, exclusion and rejection, occurs across the life span and has been documented as harmful and powerful not only for the ostracized member, but also for the ostracizing member and the observers. To ostracize others, individuals vary in the extent to which they evaluate ostracism as an effective and just method to promote group solidarity and efficiency. In this study, we developed and validated the Legitimacy of Ostracism Scale (LOS) that measures one's tendency to accept ostracizing someone from a group as a legitimate action to increase group benefits. Japanese undergraduates (n = 513) completed a questionnaire including LOS (10 items), Machiavellianism, vigilance, relational models, and prevention focus. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a single-factor structure with seven items (α = .832). Confirmatory factor analysis on 7-item LOS also indicated that the data best fit a single-factor model. As theoretically predicted, LOS was positively correlated with Machiavellianism, vigilance, orientations for authority ranking and equality matching, and prevention focus. These results demonstrate the high reliability and validity of the 7-item LOS. Further studies need to show that LOS indicates one's actual propensity to ostracize others.

著者

高木 邦子

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.63-76, 2004

---

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

著者

ISHAKU Utek Grace MATSUMOTO Mariko

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

no.65, pp.1-20, 2018-12-28

---

The problem of untreated mental disorders is serious and appears to be worsening in university student populations, especially in developing countries. Although resources are considerably scarce in low-income societies, there appear to be other challenges to mental health help-seeking on university campuses. The present study employed face-to-face semi-structured interviews to explore the array of factors that impede and promote help-seeking behavior among university students in Nigeria. The participants were 16 mentally distressed students at a public university in the central region of Nigeria. The interview schedule addressed the key study variables as well as the students' perceptions of their current mental state, treatment need, and intentions to seek help. The collated data revealed that all the participants were either moderately or severely mentally distressed. Even though the majority of the students (94%) were willing to seek help for a mental disorder, only 50% indicated that they currently need help for their mental distress. Of the latter, only about 13% had initiated actual attempts to seek professional guidance. Qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts highlighted three major barriers to help-seeking, namely: individual factors, confidentiality issues, and institutional inadequacies. Similarly, three sets of support were relevant for facilitating help-seeking including intrapersonal support, interpersonal support and institutional support. Interpreting these findings in accordance with the ecological systems theory suggested that the barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking are multifaceted and encompass individual, social and institutional domains. Interventions targeting the micro and macro level barriers in university and support for students' help-seeking needs through a top-down strategy which prioritizes the provision of better mental health infrastructure, adequate number of professionals, effective mental health policies, and gatekeeper training for members of the university community are potentially beneficial for improving treatment rates among students in developing countries.

著者

鈴木 真之 浜本 真規子 久利 恭士 上杉 春香 小倉 正義 能勢 有希

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.183-197, 2005

---

It has been ten years since school counseling was installed into Japanese public schools. Their activities were, however, being restricted because of the several limitations. On this condition, primary protection should be focused on for school counselors to be more effective. For the first, in this article, we reviewed conventional activities that had already been conducted in school setting and that could be seen to have the characteristics of primary protection, respectively each for students, families and teachers. Secondary, we pointed out that these programs were not against the conventional Japanese education system, rather the ones that would help it. Thereafter, some of the primary protection programs that had not been prevailed yet, were introduced. Finally, in discussion, we indicated it important for school counselors to give teachers an idea of primary protection and suggested the way to install those programs into current Japanese educational setting.国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

著者

白木 優馬 五十嵐 祐 SHIRAKI Yuma IGARASHI Tasuku

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, pp.97-106, 2015-12-28

---

The development of Information Technology has unraveled a new form of employment, crowdsourcing. With the spread of crowdsourcing, psychological researchers began collecting data with crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing enables them to collect data from a wider range of people in a shorter timespan relative to the conventional methods. Although the application of crowdsourcing has gained popularity in foreign psychological research in recent times, Japanese researchers have not yet tapped this resource. Therefore, this paper presents the available framework of crowdsourcing service for Japanese researchers and its usage aiming for the spread of crowdsourcing in Japanese psychological research. Furthermore, we underline the required precautionary measures while collecting data using crowdsourcing.

著者

四辻 伸吾 YOTSUTSUJI Shingo

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.99-109, 2017-12-28

---

News of bullying-related suicides being reported almost on a daily basis and it is a major problem in the field of education. Different bullying prevention programs have been developed and conducted in educational settings for preventing bullying. Programs including Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP; Olweus, 2007) and KiVa program, among others have been used internationally and have reported good results. These programs are currently being comprehensively utilized. On the other hand, development and conduct of bullying prevention programs in Japan are often left to individual schools, and nationwide systematic programs have not been developed to date. Moreover, in many cases, effects of bullying prevention programs have not been empirically verified. This study analyzed Japanese bullying prevention programs used in educational settings, from the following perspectives: (1) statistical verification of program efficacy, and (2) confirmation of consistency with curriculum guidelines. "confirmation of consistency with curriculum guidelines" means that the practice contents of the practiced bullying prevention program accorded with an aim and the contents such as each subject shown in curriculum guidelines. First, we searched the Internet for the keywords "bullying," and "programs" in the Japanese literature, and identified 33 articles, which were reviewed. Among the 33 papers, statistical verification of program efficacy was conducted in 15 studies, all of which indicated that the programs were effective. Moreover, 19 papers described subjects and fields in which the programs were practiced. Among the 19 papers, only four described the consistency between practice and contents of subjects and fields. Previous studies might be insufficient in both statistical verification of program efficacy and examining the consistency between programs and learning contents. Therefore, further studies on this topic are required. Future perspectives of Japanese bullying prevention programs are discussed based on these results from following perspective. (1) Developing a program of annual curriculums composed of small plural learning units having statistically established efficacy for bullying prevention. (2) Developing a program that is specifically placed in curriculum guidelines, especially in "moral education," "integrated studies," and "special activities," lessons, which are often used in bullying prevention programs. It is expected that programs for bullying prevention for wide use in Japanese educational settings could be developed based on these perspectives.

著者

風間 惇希 KAZAMA Junki

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.127-140, 2017-12-28

---

The present study is a review of "over-adaptation" in adolescence. In this study, the author reviewed the definitions and measures of over-adaptation, constructed a comprehensive model of overadaptation and its relevant factors, and clarified the trends and future directions of studies about overadaptation in adolescence. At first, this study clarified that there were many definitions and measures of over-adaptation by reviewing previous studies. Then, the author suggested two ways of understanding over-adaptation for the purpose of integrating knowledge of previous studies and making future studies accumulated more systematically. That is, one is (a) over-adaptation with internal maladjustment, and the other is (b) over-adaptation as a risk factor for internal maladjustment. Secondly, this study classified relevant factors of over-adaptation into two categories, (a) the factors explaining over-adaptation and (b) the ones affected by over-adaptation. In addition, explanatory factors of over-adaptation were classified into intrapersonal factors and interpersonal (environmental) ones. From this perspective, this study suggested that intrapersonal and interpersonal factors influenced over-adaptation and it was important to consider both factors to understand over-adaptation. Kazama & Hiraishi (submitted) considered that interaction of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors formed over-adaptation in relationships with parents, peers, and teachers, and developed Over-Adaptation Scale - Relationships Specified (OAS-RS) measuring the extent to which an individual engages to over-adaptive behavior in relationships with parents, peers, teachers, respectively. Like that, future studies may need to consider the diversity of over-adaptation in adolescence. Finally, this study showed that most previous studies were based on cross-sectional data. Then, longitudinal studies will be needed to investigate occurrence and developmental processes of overadaptation.

著者

梶田 正巳 KAJITA Masami 西口 利文 NISHIGUCHI Toshifumi

出版者

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13461729)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.1-8, 2001-12-27 (Released:2006-01-05)

---

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを利用している。