著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.89-95, 2021-01-25 (Released:2021-02-25)

参考文献数

25

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On April 15, 2020, one member of the Cluster Intervention Group, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, released his risk assessment, which stated that 420,000 people in Japan would die from COVID-19 if no countermeasure is taken. His prediction was criticized for causing excessive anxiety in people and atrophying the national economy. This article discusses whether such a form of risk assessment inflames public emotions. The problem was examined based on the three models in decision-making and risk perception research: the value function of prospect theory, the two-factor model of risk perception, and the dual-process theories. From these perspectives, it was tentatively concluded that no matter how large the number of deaths that are forecasted is, it is difficult for statistical risk assessments to cause excessive fear in people.

著者

満下 健太 鎌塚 優子 村越 真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.233-241, 2023-03-15 (Released:2023-03-15)

参考文献数

32

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The aim of this study is to analyze how accidents occur during recess under school management quantitatively with accidents data recorded by Japan Sports Council. In total, 823 accidents data in elementary school from 2005 to 2019 were analyzed by principal component analysis, which extracted five components for interpretation (destruction of glass, eye injury in ball game, being off balance, fall from a bar, and game of tag). Multiple regression analysis revealed the factors (age, sex, type of recess, and place of occurrence) that can affect the component scores on each dimension. Specifically, school grade affected scores of 1st and 2nd component score. Sex affected 2nd and 4th component score. Type of recess affected 1st and 5th component score. The place of occurrence affected each component score by some places. It is considered that this result represents how often each summarized situation occurs proportionately in each category with controlling confounders. From these analyses, some trends about how accidents under school management were indicated. It can be considered that quantitative analysis is one profitable method to analyze data of occurrence status and to understand the current situation about accidents under school management.

著者

高橋 哲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.155-164, 2023-01-15 (Released:2023-01-15)

参考文献数

43

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The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of perceived risk of recidivism in the general public in comparison with actual crime statistics. Participants were 280 female university students, and they were asked to estimate risks of reincarceration of released prison inmates within five years using a web-based self-report questionnaire. Results showed that the risks of recidivism were overestimated for sex offenders and drug offenders while they were underestimated for those who committed theft, assault, and arson compared to the actual statistical data shown in the White Paper on Crime. Future research recommendation and practical implications, especially on recidivism risk communication, were discussed.

著者

相馬 ゆめ 横山 実紀 中澤 高師 辰巳 智行 大沼 進

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.11-23, 2022-09-15 (Released:2022-09-23)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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An enormous amount of removed soils were produced by the decontaminated works derived from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Public understanding and dialogues are required to realize the final disposal of the removed soils. This study contemplated the plural principles of common goods surrounding the removed soils. A group discussion experiment was conducted, setting three arguing points. Before the experiment, the Discourse Quality Index (DQI) was developed to visualize the discussion qualities by plural evaluators, which was confirmed the validity showing sufficient matching rates between the evaluators. Results of the experiment by the analysis of DQI score showed that statements from the points of Utilitarianism were observed the most, while the statements from maximin were fewer. However, many decisions of the groups gave priority to the inequity alleviation and the maximin principles.

著者

増川 克典 白石 晶子 高田 郁美 早瀬 温子 森 卓也 田中 紀行 藤井 健吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-0420, (Released:2022-07-01)

参考文献数

39

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Aiming at solving a social challenge for compatibility of infection risk mitigation with better QOL to prevent viral contact infection via hands, an effect of ethanol (EtOH) combined with benzalkonium chloride (BC) on inactivation of Influenza virus A (IVA) and SARS-CoV-2 was investigated under conditions of exposure time, 30 sec. Although either just 20–30 vol% EtOH or just 0.05w/v% BC were weak for the inactivation, the combination showed the synergic effects. It was also demonstrated that a commercial hand sanitizer containing both 44 vol% EtOH and 0.05w/v% BC is effective to highly inactivate IVA and SARS-CoV-2. The consideration on the practical usage of hand sanitizers suggests that 20–50 vol% EtOH combined with 0.05 w/v% BC would be effective and beneficial. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the emerging importance of community infection control which is different from a long-term challenge on hospital infection management, and a new hand sanitizing-system using lower EtOH combined with BC is expected to be a measure of community infection control.

著者

高木 彩 武田 美亜 小森 めぐみ

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.113-121, 2021-12-25 (Released:2021-12-17)

参考文献数

27

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Digital contact tracing applications have been promoted as a tool to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The effectiveness of these applications depends on their rate of adoption. However, this appears to be low. Therefore, this study investigated the psychological factors associated with the use of a contact tracing application (COCOA) in Japan. An online survey was administered to 1000 participants living in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Respondents were classified into three groups: advocates, critics, and undecided. Our results indicated that perceptions of risk, benefit, cost, social norm and knowledge were significant prescriptive factors of COCOA usage. The results revealed that the critics group perceived low benefit and social norms appeared to hinder application adoption relative to the undecided group.

著者

関澤 純

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.313-315, 2022-07-15 (Released:2022-07-23)

参考文献数

8

著者

大澤 英昭 広瀬 幸雄 大友 章司 大沼 進

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.235-247, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-04-22)

参考文献数

39

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This study examined effects of a management strategy and of site selection process for high-level radioactive waste disposal on acceptance of siting repository in a German case. Data from 1,000 German residents, assigned by population composition ratio of 16 states, were collected in 2018 by internet survey. We considered evaluation of two policies: management strategy and site selection process. We also hypothesized own and national evaluations of the policies were relevant factors on the acceptance of siting repository. Results indicated that own evaluation of management strategy and site selection process directly had an effect on acceptance of siting repository, while own and national evaluation of management strategy had effects on own and national evaluation of site selection process, respectively. In addition, latent variables affected by the policies were different depending on which policy and/or which evaluation. National evaluations of both policies had effects on personal benefit, while own evaluations of both policies had effects on social benefit. Own evaluation of management policy had an effect on intergenerational subjective norms, while national evaluation of site selection process has an effect on stigma.

著者

MARCO (MAss gathering Risk COntrol and COmmunication)

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.173-179, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-04-22)

参考文献数

18

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Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), MARCO has been established as a volunteer research team of researchers from various fields of expertise for the purpose of risk control and communication at mass gathering events. Here, we introduce some of MARCO’s activities for the quantitative evaluation of infection risk and effectiveness of infection control based on the latest scientific findings and various measurements conducted by MARCO members at the stadiums of the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games and other events such as professional baseball and football.

著者

保高 徹生 村上 道夫 仲村 健太郎 加茂 将史 内藤 航 竹下 潤一 井元 清哉 大竹 文雄 井出 和希 岸本 充生 粥川 準二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.145-150, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-04-22)

参考文献数

18

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As the novel coronavirus disease continues, attention has been focused on holding mass gathering events while protecting the safety of spectators, players and staffs. In this session, we discussed the implementation of frequent antigen testing and PCR testing for players and staffs in the J-League, a model evaluation of the effectiveness of infection risk reduction, and the incentives and ethical and social aspects of vaccination and testing packages. We deepened our knowledge of effective testing systems, strategies to improve vaccination coverage, and ethical and social aspects of vaccination and testing packages, and confirmed that countermeasures against novel coronavirus disease can be organically linked in actual practices such as the J-League.

著者

望月 智也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.49-53, 2021-08-25 (Released:2021-09-04)

参考文献数

20

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In the event of earthquake damage to production facilities, there are a variety of possible effects, such as the impact on nearby residents due to secondary disasters such as fires, explosions, and leaks, and the impoverishment of people’s lives due to stagnation of economic activities and bankruptcy of companies. Although the government and local governments have made progress in earthquake-resistant buildings designed according to the old earthquake resistance standards, the progress of production facilities has been slow. This paper examines and shows the problems of production facilities in order to provide incentives for their seismic retrofitting.

著者

土田 昭司 元吉 忠寛 近藤 誠司 静間 健人 浦山 郁 小村 佳代

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.79-88, 2021-12-25 (Released:2021-12-17)

参考文献数

25

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Response of the Japanese to COVID-19 was investigated with 2 online questionnaire surveys conducted on May 2020 [N=1,200] and on August 2020 [N=6,000]. The results showed that high anxiety led sense of discrimination and adopting prevention behaviors against infection. People in metropolitan areas seemed estimating infection risk of long rage transport lower than people in rural areas. And response to Covid-19 of the Japanese residing outside of Japan was investigated with an online survey on August 2020 [N=116]. The results showed that in many countries the respondents answered that their local governments’ policies against COVID-19 were better than the Japanese policy because of swiftness, leadership, public relations, ICT use, and so on.

著者

蒲生 昌志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.1-2, 2021-08-25 (Released:2021-09-04)

参考文献数

3

著者

望月 智也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-0380, (Released:2021-08-10)

参考文献数

20

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In the event of earthquake damage to production facilities, there are a variety of possible effects, such as the impact on nearby residents due to secondary disasters such as fires, explosions, and leaks, and the impoverishment of people’s lives due to stagnation of economic activities and bankruptcy of companies. Although the government and local governments have made progress in earthquake-resistant buildings designed according to the old earthquake resistance standards, the progress of production facilities has been slow. This paper examines and shows the problems of production facilities in order to provide incentives for their seismic retrofitting.

著者

小野 恭子 藤井 健吉 大沼 進

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.143-146, 2021-04-25 (Released:2021-04-24)

参考文献数

6

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The committee of Society for Risk Analysis, Japan translated a report “COVID-19 a risk governance perspective” into Japanese, which was published by International Risk Governance Center (IRGC). This article introduces the Japanese translation of the report to share the state-of-art of risk governance methodology for Japanese readers. IRGC risk governance framework, which can be used as a structured method for examining the steps of solving various risk problems, was customized to COVID-19. IRGC proposed the five stages of the framework as follows: scientific assessment, perception, evaluation, management and communication. IRGC re-organized procedures which were used for cope with COVID-19 problems on these 5 stages and listed remaining challenges for each stage. Finally, IRGC listed 10 lessons (might be) learned for the immediate future.

著者

岡田 祥宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-0341, (Released:2020-11-27)

参考文献数

19

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Japanese higher educational community just declared enhancement of internal control and governance system in the university management, following the government's line. In this letter, the COSO-Internal control framework, enterprise risk management, ISO31000 and university governance code of Japan are introduced. They are useful concepts for all those who are interested in risk management of universities to discuss how to clarify the risk management concept of treating genetic resources in the universities. As mentioned in ISO31000, managing risk is part of governance and leadership, and is fundamental to how the organization is managed at all levels. That's why risk management of treating genetic resources under the Nagoya Protocol should be implemented in harmony with the internal control function of universities. Finally four points for discussion are offered.

著者

柴田 侑秀 中谷内 一也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.29-36, 2020-09-25 (Released:2020-10-09)

参考文献数

25

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In the field of fear of crime, literature has yet to confirm a causal relationship between people’s estimated damage of crime and fear of crime. This study examines this potential relationship by providing participants with information about the severity of crime victims’ injuries. Survey data were collected from 336 participants. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: in the first condition, information about the severity of crime victims’ injuries was presented, and in the control condition, information unrelated to crime was presented. The results revealed that the participants who perceived a decrease in the amount of estimated damage had a diminished fear of crime. However, the experimental operation did not significantly affect the estimated damage.