著者

林田 敏幸 佐々木 洋 浜田 信行 立崎 英夫 初坂 奈津子 赤羽 恵一 横山 須美

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.88-99, 2017 (Released:2017-07-29)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

5

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In March 2011, the accident occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company. During recovery from critical situations, the radiation dose for some emergency workers exceeded the effective dose limit recommended for an emergency situation. A month after the accident, the International Commission on Radiological Protection issued a statement on tissue reactions recommending significant reduction of the equivalent dose limit to the lens of the eye. Many radiation workers will need to be involved in treatment of water contaminated with radionuclides, fuel debris retrieval, and decommissioning of reactors for a long period of time. Thus, the optimized radiation control in the fields, exposure reduction, prevention of tissue reactions, and reduction of stochastic risks for workers becomes necessary. This paper discusses issues in relation to radiation protection of the ocular lens in such recovery workers, from the viewpoint of radiation exposure of workers, its management, manifestations and mechanisms of the lens effects.

著者

藤通 有希 小佐古 敏荘 吉田 和生 浜田 信行

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.86-96, 2013 (Released:2014-03-06)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

3 2 1

---

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has classified radiation cataract as tissue reactions (formerly known as deterministic effects or non-stochastic effects) for which a threshold dose exists, and recommended an equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye to prevent vision-impairing cataracts. A recommended occupational dose limit has been 150 mSv/year predicated on the threshold of >8 Sv since the 1980 Brighton Statement, but was drastically lowered by the 2011 Seoul Statement to 20 mSv/year, averaged over defined periods of 5 years, with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. Such a new limit was included immediately in the Interim Edition of General Safety Requirements Part 3 of the International Atomic Energy Agency. In contrast, a dose limit of 15 mSv/year for members of the public has not been changed since the 1990 Recommendations. This paper considers the impacts of a new limit focusing on conformity with cancer risk management, the necessity of the public dose limit in planned exposure situations and the occupational dose limit in emergency exposure situations. Potential issues arising from its implementation shall also be discussed especially in terms of the compensation problem and the possibility of exceeding a dose limit in interventional cardiologists.

著者

坂本 隆一 斎藤 公明 堤 正博 長岡 鋭

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.297-307, 2001 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

辻村 憲雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.40-44, 2019-04-18 (Released:2019-09-03)

参考文献数

21

---

Rainwater containing radioactive materials originating from the USA’s nuclear weapon test conducted at Bikini Atoll was observed throughout Japan in 1954. It has been reported that the maximum gross beta activity observed at that time in Kyoto was 523 pCi/mL (19,000 Bq/L). This measurement, however, focused on the gross beta activity contained in a small amount of rain sampled at the beginning of rainfall, which is different from present observations that are based on the average gross beta activity contained in rain collected during a 24-h period. As a result of reviewing and converting the 1954 data to be equivalent to current measurement, the maximum value was reduced to 50 pCi/mL (1,800 Bq/L), with a resultant surface deposition density of 310 mCi/km2 (11,000 MBq/km2). These values are well below 1/10 of the past maximum observed a few days after China’s fifth nuclear weapon test in 1966.

著者

宮本 霧子

出版者

Japan Health Physics Society

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.50-59, 2008 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

9

---

The international program, known as the EMRAS (Environmental Modeling for Radiation Safety) project was carried out in 2003-2007. “The working group for modelling of tritium and carbon-14 transfer to biota and man” took an active part in the EMRAS by presenting the eight scenarios for the purpose of the validation of the environmental tritium model. Three scenarios were concerned about uptake and depuration of tritium by bivalves and various biological species in a steady state lake. Two scenarios dealt with tritium uptake of soybean and pine tree, other two did pig metabolism and various products from a farm land. One scenario was designed to estimate human dose exposed by a hypothetical shot of tritium release in the atmosphere. OBT definition and revision of parameter values in the Handbook, IAEA-TRS No. 364 were also carried out.

著者

藤波 直人 渡辺 哲也 都築 英明 伊吹 勝蔵

出版者

Japan Health Physics Society

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.357-360, 1996 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

石川 徹夫 内山 正史

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.67-70, 1997 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 3

著者

村上 博幸 箕輪 雄資 新野 二男 松井 智明 大畑 勉

出版者

Japan Health Physics Society

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.255-258, 1981 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

下 道國

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.75-78, 2016 (Released:2016-07-06)

参考文献数

6

著者

Wei Bo LI

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.72-99, 2018 (Released:2018-09-13)

参考文献数

132

被引用文献数

5

---

Fifty-five years after discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) established a committee on permission internal exposure. Natural and man-made radionuclides can enter human body, cause damage effect and lead to health risk; on the other hand, radionuclides can cure cancers and other non-cancer diseases by irradiating the malignant cells and tissues. The radiation doses delivered to the tissues and organs are inevitable to assess risk or to judge the benefit of application of radiation on humans. In this article, basic methodology for dose assessment of internally deposited radionuclides is reviewed. After brief introduction of interactions and effects of radiation, the biokinetic models developed by ICRP for incorporation of radionuclides in humans are described. Then, the dosimetric formula generalized by ICRP and Committee on Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) is presented. Treatment of decay products and uncertainty analysis in internal dosimetry are especially addressed. Moreover, applications of internal dosimetry in radiation protection, internal exposure monitoring, radon inhalation dosimetry and nuclear medicine are presented with several calculation examples. At last, the future perspective of internal dosimetry is discussed. In an appendix basic internal dosimetric quantities are provided.

著者

山田 裕司 小泉 彰 宮本 勝宏 稲葉 次郎

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.283-289, 1994 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Decontamination Factors (DFs) of HEPA filter were measured against 239Pu oxide aerosols. Collection performance of HEPA filter media was investigated using monodisperse NaCl aerosols at various air flow face velocities. From the penetration curves the most penetrating particle size, MPPS, and the maximum penetration, Pmax, were obtained in each face velocity. The MPPSs at 0.8-11cm s-1 flow were not found in 0.3μm size range but in 0.1-0.15μm size range. The reciprocal of Pmax, which means the minimum of decontamination factor, DFmin, linearly increased with decreasing face velocity in a logarithmic paper. Experimental DFs against Pu aerosols in the MPPS range were nearly equal to the DFmin, and the others were always larger than the DFmin. This means that there are no differences between Pu and NaCl aerosols in terms of filtration. The DFmin estimated from the nonradioactive test aerosols is important for evaluating the performance of HEPA filters in the radiation protection field.

著者

Chanis PORNNUMPA Kazuki IWAOKA Naofumi AKATA Masahiro HOSODA Atsuyuki SORIMACHI Shinji TOKONAMI

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.115-121, 2016 (Released:2016-08-09)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

4

---

Namie Town, Fukushima Prefecture was instituted as an evacuation zone and a controlled area after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in April, 2011 which immediately resulted in a significant amount of radionuclides leakage to the environment. In this study, a car-borne survey utilizing a NaI(Tl) scintillation survey meter was carried out along ordinary roads and forest areas in Namie Town from September 29th to October 1st, 2011 to measure the absorbed dose rate by gamma-rays from 137Cs (T1/2: 30.05 y) and 134Cs (T1/2: 2.04 y) for the estimation of the radiation levels over long periods of time. The similar surveys were conducted again on August 22nd-24th, 2014 and September 14th-16th, 2015 using a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. The ratios of data obtained from urban areas to total surveyed areas in the same measurements were 27%, 34% and 48% in 2011, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The ratios of those measured from forest areas and mountain regions were 73%, 66% and 52% in 2011, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The absorbed dose rates in air obtained from these surveys were used to draw dose rate distribution maps to monitor the variation of the dose rates, and the distribution was found to be heterogeneous. The maximum value, minimum value and geometric mean of the absorbed dose rates in air for 2011 were estimated to be 47.6, 0.15 and 3.7 μGy h-1, respectively. The values for 2014 were estimated to be 5.8, 0.09 and 1.2 μGy h-1, respectively. In 2015, the values were estimated to be 5.6, 0.05 and 0.9 μGy h-1, respectively. The annual effective doses in 2014 and 2015 dropped by 66% and 75% from 2011, respectively. The annual effective doses estimated in 2014 and 2015 were lower than the annual effective dose limit of 20 mSv recommended by the Japanese government for an evacuation directive lift in the prepared area.

著者

吉岡 勝廣 飯田 孝夫

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.53-62, 2007 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2 4

---

We compared the periodic characteristics of the atmospheric radon concentration on the land and ocean, using data simultaneously measured at Oki Island in the Sea of Japan and Matsue, which is located 70km south of the island and on the Shimane peninsula. The radon concentration was the highest in the fall at Matsue and in the winter at Oki Island and the lowest during the summer at both locations. The frequency distributions and the annual periodic variations of the arriving pathways of the air masses and these radon concentrations at Matsue and Oki Island showed the same tendency. At Matsue, the monthly average of diurnal minimum of the radon concentration was highest in the winter that was three month late from the maximum season of the monthly average of all measurements. The monthly average of radon concentration at Matsue showed the positive correlation between the monthly occurrence times of temperature inversion. The annual periodic variation of the radon concentration at Oki Island depends on the long-term variation of the distribution of arriving pathways of the air masses.

著者

細田 正洋 井上 一雅 岡 光昭 大森 康孝 岩岡 和輝 床次 眞司

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.27-40, 2016 (Released:2016-07-06)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

1

---

Many nuclear facilities are located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. However, no detailed dose rate distribution map of Aomori Prefecture, including its mountain regions has been reported since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. Thus, a car-borne survey which used a 3-in × 3-in NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer was done throughout the prefecture for the purposes of making a dose distribution map and estimating the annual external dose. These results have been published in the same issue of this journal. On the other hand, many researchers have performed car-borne surveys in Fukushima Prefecture after the FDNPP accident. In this paper, the methods of car-borne survey of the present author are explained in detail. 1) The relationship between the total counts per minute of a gamma-ray pulse height distribution and an absorbed dose rate in air is examined for the estimation of dose rate conversion factor. 2) The relationship between count rates outside and inside the car is examined for the estimation of the shielding factor by car body. 3) The uncertainties to the counts inside the car, the dose rate conversion factor and the shielding factor are evaluated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement published by the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology. 4) The gamma-ray pulse height distributions are unfolded using a 22 × 22 response matrix for the analysis of activity concentrations in soil of 40K, 238U and 232Th and the contributions of their nuclides to absorbed dose rate in air. 5) The distribution map of absorbed dose rate in air of Aomori Prefecture is drawn using the Generic Mapping Tool which was developed by Hawaii University.

著者

Masahiro HOSODA Kazumasa INOUE Mitsuaki OKA Yasutaka OMORI Kazuki IWAOKA Shinji TOKONAMI

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.41-50, 2016 (Released:2016-07-06)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

2 25

---

Many nuclear facilities are located within Aomori Prefecture, Japan. However, no detailed dose rate distribution map of Aomori Prefecture, including its mountain regions has been reported since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. A car-borne survey which used a 3-in × 3-in NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer was carried out throughout the prefecture for the purposes of making a dose distribution map and estimating the annual external dose. The average absorbed dose rate in air and the annual effective dose were found to be 22 ± 5 nGy h-1 and 0.20 ± 0.08 mSv, respectively. These average values for all of Aomori Prefecture were respectively 44% and 59% of the nationwide average values. The average values with standard deviations of activity concentrations in soil of 40K, 238U and 232Th were 234 ± 148, 15 ± 6, 12 ± 6 Bq kg-1, respectively. The average values of contributions of 40K, 238U and 232Th to absorbed dose rates in air were 39%, 29% and 32%, respectively. The contributions of 134Cs and 137Cs to the absorbed dose rates in air were judged to be negligible.

著者

山口 武憲

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.11-17, 2001 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

著者

吉澤 道夫 水下 誠一 日本学術会議 核科学総合研究連洛委員会原子力基礎

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.319-324, 1999 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

---

放射線や放射性同位元素の利用は, 基礎及び応用の諸科学, 工業, 農水産業, 医療等の広い分野で進められ, 現在の社会にとって欠かすことの出来ない手段となっている。一方, 放射線や放射性同位元素はその発見当時から人体への影響が研究され, 不用意な被ぼくが悪影響を及ぼすことが知られてきた。このために, 安全のための規制が設けられ, その取扱いは厳重な管理の下に行われている。わが国で放射性同位元素等による放射線障害の防止に関する法律 (以下「放射線障害防止法」という。) が定められた当時, 放射性同位元素の利用は, 原子炉等で製造された物を入手して利用するという形態であり, 短時間に減衰し消滅する放射性同位元素は, 加速器を用いた原子核の研究など限られた場所と分野以外には利用の方法が無かった。このため現在の規制は, 短時間に消滅する放射性同位元素を扱うことを想定していない。近年, 医療の分野では, 加速器を用いて短寿命の放射性同位元素を製造し, 人体機能の研究や診断に用いる技術が大きく発展し, 生理学的・生化学的機能を調べる上で欠かすことの出来ない重要な手法となっている。このような手法が医療行為として行われる場合には医療法による規制を受け, 研究に用いる場合には, 放射線障害防止法の規制を受ける。しかし, 研究や診断に用いた短半減期放射性同位元素は短時間に消滅するので, 使用した器具, 投与した動物などは一定の短期間管理すれば, 現在のような放射線管理の必要はなく, その取扱いについて特別の考慮が必要である。このため, 当専門委員会では, 前期に引き続き今期当初より陽電子放出断層撮影 (PET) の使用に係る安全性について, ワーキンググループを設置し検討してきた。検討の結果PETに使用される短半減期放射性同位元素の使用に関する規制について以下のように適正化することを提言する。「短半減期放射性同位元素を用いた放射性薬剤として製造法が確立され, 長半減期放射性同位元素の混入してないことが確認された薬剤について, これを使用した器具, 投与された動物などは, 期間を定めて管理した後, 定められた測定方法により安全性が確認された場合, 放射性物質で汚染されたものとしての管理の必要のないものとして処理できることとする。安全性の確認法, PET用放射性薬剤以外の放射性同位元素の混入防止策等について指針を定めて早急に実施すること。」

著者

佐藤 友樹

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.137-139, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-10-18)

著者

迫田 晃弘 辻 智也 廣田 誠子 渡邊 裕貴

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.108-114, 2022-09-02 (Released:2022-10-19)

参考文献数

11

著者

神田 玲子 辻 さつき 米原 英典

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.68-78, 2014 (Released:2015-05-21)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5 3

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In general, the press is considered to have amplified the level of public's anxiety and perception of risk. In the present study, we analyzed newspaper article headlines and Internet contents that were released from March 11, 2011 to January 31, 2012 using text mining techniques. The aim is to reveal the particular characteristics of the information propagated regarding the Fukushima NPP Accident. The article headlines of the newspapers which had a largest circulation were chosen for analysis, and contents of Internet media were chosen based on the number of times they were linked or retweeted. According to our text mining analysis, newspapers frequently reported the “measurement, investigation and examination” of radiation/radioactive materials caused by the Fukushima Accident, and this information might be spread selectively via the social media. On the other hand, the words related to health effects of radiation exposure (i. e., cancer, hereditary effects) were rare in newspaper headlines. Instead, words like “anxiety” and “safe” were often used to convey the degree of health effects. Particularly in March of 2011, the concept of “danger” was used frequently in newspaper headlines. These indirect characterizations of the situation may have contributed more or less to the misunderstanding of the health effects and to the enhanced perception of risk felt by the public. In conclusion, there were found no evidence to suggest that newspapers or Internet media users released sensational information that increased the health anxiety of readers throughout the period of analysis.