著者

亀田 豊 益永 茂樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.9, pp.553-560, 2006 (Released:2010-01-09)

参考文献数

22

---

There is growing awareness of the need to evaluate the long-term effects of wildlife populations, not only in terms of the level of short-term effects on individuals, but also in terms of much subtler, multigenerational effects particularly for long-term conservation of ecosystems. Here, we show population genetic structure of Pseudorasbora parva in the Kanto region and estimate the main stressors to influencing genetic variability and genotype. Genetic diversity within a population was significant among sampling sites, but no significant relationship was detected between genetic diversity and contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, because of many types of stress effects and random genetic drift. On the other hand, cluster analysis of the fluorescence intensity of individual DNA fragment profiles measured by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis identified five genotypes: two existed in many sites in the Kanto region, and three existed in only a few sites. Genetic diversity or genotype proportion in a population at the sites where these two genotypes was dominant were also significantly related to dissolved PAH, dissolved fluoranthene, dissolved benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene concentrations in sediments. Finally, the population genetic structure in eight sites along the Nogawa river was evaluated. These results showed genetic diversity and genotype proportion changed discontinuously in some sites, because of changes in PAH concentration and limited migration.

著者

関谷 卓見 竹谷 公貴 天野 佳正 町田 基

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.11, pp.175-179, 2010 (Released:2010-11-10)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

4 5

---

The blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa and the diatom Cyclotella sp. were grown in Wright's cryptophytes medium with various mass ratios of total dissolved nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P = 1, 10, 50 and 100) at different temperatures (15, 20 and 25°C). Similar experiments at lower nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations but using the same N/P ratio were also carried out. At high nutrient concentrations (N = 0.5-50 mg·L-1 and P = 0.5 mg·L-1), Cyclotella sp. was dominant at all N/P ratios at 15°C, but M. aeruginosa became a superior competitor at 20 and 25°C at N/P≠ 1. Generally, Microcystis blooms tend to occur at a low mass ratio of total nitrogen (TN) to total phosphorus (TP), i.e., TN/TP ratio. However, this study clearly showed that a high N/P ratio favored the growth of M. aeruginosa. Moreover, the growth of both algae was controlled significantly at all N/P ratios at low nutrient concentrations (N = 0.05-5 mg·L-1 and P = 0.05 mg·L-1). Therefore, it could be concluded that M. aeruginosa dominance occurs at temperatures above 20°C and is promoted at a certain level of nutrient concentrations (N > 0.5 mg·L-1 at P = 0.5 mg·L-1 and/or P > 0.05 mg·L-1 at N = 0.05-5 mg·L-1) rather than N/P ratio.

著者

中島 淳 長岡 裕 大垣 眞一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.8, pp.664-667, 1996-08-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

6

---

Water quality of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines, was survyed as a small joint survey of Japanese and Philippine NGO groups. The lake water had relatively high concentration of SS caused by resuspending silt and fine clay from the bottom sediment due to shallow water depth and strong wind. Chl a concentration was low in spite of high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Trihalomethane formation potential test showed high formation of bromine compounds due to intrusion of sea water into the lake. Relatively high concentration of SS, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus was observed at the mouth of the most polluted tributary.

著者

藤田 豊 中村 玄正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.197-203, 2007 (Released:2010-01-09)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 3

---

Historically the water quality of Lake Inawashiro has been kept very good in terms of COD and other variables. The reason for this is due to the very low concentration of phosphorus in the lake for example, 0.003mg · l-1. Additionary, the primary production of phytoplankton is controlled at very low level. The authors studied the mechanism by which floc removes phosphorus that is produced in the acidic Nagase River. The major results obtained from this study are as follows : (1) The floc produced in the Nagase River coagulate and then settle as phosphorus sediment. (2) The floc has a particle size distribution that is effective for coagulation and then for phosphorus sedimentation. (3) The main components of the floc are Fe, Ca and Al. (4) When floc was added to the river water, the concentration of phosphorus decreased and the AGPM also decreased.

著者

原本 英司 片山 浩之 大垣 眞一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.315-320, 2009 (Released:2010-01-09)

参考文献数

26

---

The occurrence of pathogenic viruses and indicator microorganisms in water samples from a wastewater treatment plant in Japan was investigated monthly from July 2003 to June 2004. Forty-eight samples of raw sewage, treated sewage before chlorination, effluent after chlorination, and reclaimed water after advanced wastewater treatment using sand filtration and ozonation were subjected to a virus concentration method using an HA electronegative membrane, followed by virus detection using a TaqMan PCR method. Noroviruses of genogroups I and II were detected in all 12 raw sewage samples, showing much higher concentrations in winter, an epidemic season. Corresponding to the occurrence in raw sewage, the concentrations of noroviruses in treated sewage and effluent also increased in winter. The concentrations of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in the tested samples were relatively constant compared with those of noroviruses. Noroviruses and adenoviruses were still detected even after advanced wastewater treatment, but the concentrations of these viruses were much lower than those in the effluent samples. Viruses were removed by wastewater treatment as effectively as indicator microorganisms (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and F-specific phages), suggesting that sewerage systems can contribute to reducing the load of pathogenic viruses discharged into aquatic environments.

著者

風間 真理 小倉 紀雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.11, pp.745-749, 2001-11-10 (Released:2007-02-22)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

---

The aim of the investigation is to show how the Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), a fish living in clean streams, can return to an urban river that believed to be polluted in the past. It was found that the ammonia nitrogen concentration had decreased remarkably, by monitoring of the water quality at the river. Due to the qualitative improvement of the sewage treatment water that is the river's main discharge source, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was decreased. Ammonia is an important substance for the survival of the creature; and a safe level, which makes the Ayu's survival possible, was estimated.

著者

梶原 葉子 山田 真知子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.185-192, 1997-01-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 4 9

---

Quantitative sampling of sessile animals and monitoring of water quality in Dokai Bay, northern Kyushu, Japan, were carried out from 1991 to '92 for four times to evaluate the water condition in the bay, Kitakyushu heavy and chemical industry area.In this study, seventy four species of sessile animals ware collected, which include Mytilus galloprovincialis, Limnoperna fortunei, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilopsis sallei, Balanus amphitrite, Balanus trigonus, Balanus eburneus, Ciona intestinalis, and Styela plicata. These nine reprentative species in the bay showed characteristic distribution and seasonal occurrence patterns. We noted eight immigrated species of sessile animals including an ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis recorded first in Japanese coastal water.Eutrophic level of water in Dokai Bay was classified according to the occurrence of the sessile animals in the bay. Water conditions of the inner most and central parts of the bay were classified as hyper eutrophic level, and those of the bay mouth were at intemediate one between hyper eutrophic and eutrophic levels. We suggest that six dominant species, including a mussel M. galloprovincialis, are useful as biological indicator organisms of hyper eutrophic level of coastal water.

著者

山本 昭子 西山 直宏 吉田 浩介 山根 雅之 石川 百合子 三浦 千明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.1-10, 2010 (Released:2010-01-10)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

3 12

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Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is an anionic surfactant widely used in laundry detergents. The environmental safety of LAS has been extensively reviewed in various chemical safety assessment programs worldwide. In this paper, we report an LAS aquatic environmental risk assessment of Japanese rivers using a high-tier assessment approach. For the exposure assessment, river water monitoring data of more than 400 samples were used to determine predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) which were then verified with the AIST-SHANEL exposure model. For the effect assessment, a statistical extrapolation approach using chronic ecotoxicity data was used. Toxicity data were normalized to the average alkyl chains found in the environment (C11.3) and to that of commercial LAS average alkyl chains in Japan (C11.8). Mesocosm data were also normalized to determine the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) in the environment. The 95th percentile PECs for detected concentrations in Japanese rivers were 32 to 45 μg/L, and the PNECs were 270 (C12) to 530 (C11.3) μg/L based on mesocosm data with an assessment factor of 1 and supported by data from the statistical extrapolation approach. The PEC was about 10 times lower than the PNEC. From the result of the risk characterization, it was concluded that the aquatic environmental risk posed by LAS in Japan is low.

著者

津野 洋 宗宮 功 西村 文武 小島 岳晴

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.246-253, 1997-04-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

---

The low pH of acid precipitation is buffered by soil to some extent, but the pH-buffering mechanism also releases variety of materials, which may cause wide effect on the aquatic environment. So in this research, we have permeated artificial acid rain through soil to examine the quality of soil leachates. As a result, we have found that some soils around Lake Biwa have reached the aluminium buffer range which has possibilities of deteriorating the aquatic ecosystem. We have also found that phosphorus included in the leachate causes great effect on algal growth potential under low pH condition as 4.0.

著者

山本 富久 中曽根 英雄 黒田 久雄 加藤 亮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.9, pp.561-564, 2006 (Released:2010-01-09)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

---

We surveyed the water quality of irrigation reservoirs in a tea field catchment. The study area was located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Water in some of the reservoirs showed alkalinity because of the photosynthesis of aquatic plants. On the other hand, water in one irrigation reservoir showed acidity because of nitrogen fertilizer. The NO3-N concentration increased how many times owing to large runoff from a watershed when rainfall was strong and heavy accumulation. The Changes in NO3-N concentration were small throughout the season when was light rainfall. The average of NO3-N concentration in the irrigation reservoirs was about 5 mg·l-1.

著者

矢部 徹 石井 裕一

出版者

日本水環境学会 ; 1992-

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.67-71, 2015-02

著者

村上 和仁 今富 幸也 駒井 幸雄 永淵 修 清木 徹 小山 武信

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.11, pp.757-764, 1998-11-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 4

---

The Seto Inland Sea in Japan is well known world-widely as one of the famous enclosed coastal sea, which is surrounded on all sides by the three large islands of Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku, and is the largest inland sea in Japan (area ; 22,000Km2, total coastline ; 6,600Km, average depth ; 38m). In order to obtain the information about the environmental condition in the Seto Inland Sea, the quantity and distribution of macrobenthos, especially Annelida which is considered to indicate the sedimental condition, were investigated from the 425 sedimental samples as the Investigation for Environmental Management of the Seto Inland Sea (IEMS), which conducted from 1991 to 1996.The results obtained can be concluded as follows:1) The macrobenthos mainly observed in the Seto Inland Sea were Lumbrineris longiforia, Paraprionospio spp., Prionospio ehlersi and Theora fragilis, which were recognized as the indicator species of organic pollution.2) 16species of Spionidae were observed, i.e. Paraprionospio sp., Prionospio ehlersi, P. cirrifrea, Spiophanes sp. and so on.3) The species number and the individual number of Annelida were decreased with increase of muddy ratio, IL, COD, T-N, T-P and TOC.4) The species number and the individual number of Annelida were decresed with increase of Cd, Cu, Ph, Zn and Mn.5) Organic pollution was suggested especially in inner bay area because of dominations of some species of Annelida, Spionidae.

著者

今井 章雄 福島 武彦 松重 一夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.7, pp.555-560, 1999-07-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4 6

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Aquatic humic substances (AHSs) from the eutrophic Lake Kasumigaura were isolated using XAD-8 resin. The effects of these isolated AHSs on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa cultures were evaluated. M. aeruginosa was isolated from algal blooms in Lake Kasumigaura and grown in a chmically defined medium under iron limitation. The production of siderophores, iron-specific complexing agents, by M. aeruginosa was also examined. Under iron limitation, M. aeruginosa was confirmed to produce hydroxamate-type siderophores; however, they were not effective to enable substantial recovery of the growth rate. The fulvic acid (lower molecular-size fraction of AHSs) isolated from Lake Kasumigaura was found to significantly inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa. The fulvic acid at 2 mg dry weight l-1, the same level as in the lake, significantely inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa even though siderophores were produced. This inhibition was probably due to a deficiency of iron caused by iron complexation with the fulvic acid. These results suggest that AHSs, through their iron complexation reactions, may play an important role in formation of M. aeruginosa algal blooms.

著者

市橋 修 山本 希 廣岡 佳弥子

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.19-26, 2012

被引用文献数

10

---

養豚廃水と酪農廃水の二種類の畜産廃水を用いて,エアカソード一槽型微生物燃料電池を運転した。それぞれのリアクターの最大電力密度は,養豚廃水を用いたリアクターでは831 mW・m<SUP>-2</SUP>,酪農廃水を用いたリアクターでは59 mW・m<SUP>-2</SUP>であった。また,両リアクターのアノードにおける微生物群集構造は大きく異なり,養豚廃水および酪農廃水リアクターからそれぞれ,Acidobacteria門,Proteobacteria門に近縁な細菌が見つかった。また,アノードで主に検出された細菌は流入廃水やカソードからのものとは異なっていた。 養豚廃水を用いた系では,カソードへの塩の析出が多く観察され,析出物にはリン,マグネシウム,カルシウムが高濃度に含まれていた。

著者

臼井 恵次 進藤 晴夫 丸本 卓哉 岸野 拓男

出版者

日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.9, pp.596-599, 1994

被引用文献数

2 1

---

A release of phosphorus from calcium phosphate, iron(III) phosphate, and aluminum phosphate owing to the complex formation of their metals with fulvic acid was examined. Fulvic acid was extracted from lake sediments and treated with Amberlite XAD-8 resin. The non-adsorbed fraction of fulvic acid on the resin, which has highly Cu2+-complexing capacity, was used in this study, because the adsorbed fraction has only little Cu2+-complexing capacity as reported in our previous paper. The non-adsorbed fraction was able to release phosphorus from calcium phosphate, but not from iron(III) phosphate, and aluminum phosphate. The application of X-ray analysis to the calcium phosphate indicated that the major component is hydroxyapatite. The stability constant of the Cu2+-fractionated fulvic acid was determined to be 2×10(5) (log K=5.3) and the average molecular weight of the fulvic acid was 1,026.

著者

臼井 恵次 岸野 拓男 東 俊雄 進藤 晴夫 丸本 卓哉

出版者

日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.10, pp.690-695, 1993

被引用文献数

3 3

---

Fulvic acid extracted from lake sediments was treated with Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-8 resins. The metal complexing ability of the fulvic acid was measured at pH 6.0 with a Cu2+ titration method, in which free Cu2+ was determined with an ion selective electrode. A two binding site model, in which there are two kinds of the molecules having strong and weak complexing ability and they complex with metal ion at the ratio of 1:1, was employed for the determination of the stability constant and complexing capacity of the fulvic acid, because the hyperbolic approxmation could apply to the Scatchard plot of the found values. The stability constants of the fulvic acids having strong complexing ability and weak complexing ability were in the range of 6.33-7.12 and 4.35-4.66, respectively. Both colorless fractions of the fulvic acid which were not adsorbed on XAD-2 and XAD-8 resins had such a high complexing ability as 44 and 32 μmol・g-1, respectively. On the other hand, both colored fractions of the fulvic acid which were adsobed on the resins had only little complexing capacity.

著者

高見 徹 丸山 俊朗 鈴木 祥広 三浦 昭雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.29-34, 1999-01-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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In the short-term bioassay using Porphyra yezoensis conchospores, it is basically important to clarify the most appropriate exposure period and end point to evaluate the effects of toxicants on the growth of Porphyra yezoensis conchospores. In this study, short-term bioassays (120 hours) were conducted on copper (Cu) and monochloramine (NH2Cl), which have different chemical characteristics. Three kinds of end points (survival ratio, germination ratio and growth ratio) at exposure periods every 24 hours were compared to define the most appropriate exposure period and end point.The minimum LOECs (lowest-observed-effect concentration) for Cu occurred at exposure period of 96 hours in the three kinds of end points. The 96-h LOECs from the survival ratio, the germination ratio and the growth ratio were 0.046 ± 0.026mg Cu·l-1 (n=5), 0.033 ± 0.027mg Cu·l-1 (n=5), 0.021 ± 0.019mg Cu·l-1 (n=5), respectively. The minimum LOECs for NH2Cl occurred at exposure period of 96 hours in the survival ratio and the growth ratio of 0.093 ± 0.026mg Cl2·l-1 (n=5) and 0.038 ± 0.016mg Cl2·l-1 (n=5), respectively. The minimum LOEC (0.036 ± 0.000mg Cl2·l-1, n=5) for NH2Cl from the germination ratio occurred at the exposure period of 48 hours.Therefore, taking into account of the simplicity of bioassay and its sensitivity to toxicants, it is concluded that the most appropriate exposure period and end point is 96 hours for Cu and 48 hours for NH2Cl judging from the end point of the germination ratio.

著者

堀越 壮一 飯島 明宏 冨岡 淳 関 順司 加藤 政彦 小澤 邦壽

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.5, pp.283-286, 2007 (Released:2010-01-09)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2 2

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Recently, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) pollution in groundwater was identified as a serious problem in Gunma prefecture. The rate of satisfying the environmental quality standard(EQS) for NO3-N concentration in Gunma prefecture was lowest in Japan from 2000 to 2004. However, a significant decrease in NO3-N concentration was observed in 2005. Therefore, the factors contributing to the decrease were statistically examined. The results suggest that the area of dry field, livestock head count, and agricultural population significantly contributed to the decrease in NO3-N concentration. The enforcement of the Law on Promoting Proper Management and Use of Livestock Excreta might reduce NO3-N discharge into groundwater.

著者

山本 富久 中曽根 英雄 松沢 康宏 黒田 久雄 加藤 亮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.329-336, 2004-05-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The water quality and discharge from a tea field area in Shizuoka were measured daily and the outflow loads of fertilizer components in runoff water estimated. The results are as follows: The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied was about 1000kg·ha-1·yr-1 in the tea field. The annual of T-N effluent load from the tea field was 531kg·ha-1·yr-1 and it was 49% of the amount nitrogen fertilizer applied. 97% of the T-N load was composed of the NO3-N load. Its outflow load, which consisted of storm water, was 51%. The outflow NO2-N and NH4-N loads were small in the first half of the investigation period. The T-P outflow load from the tea field was 0.18kg·ha-1·yr-1 and the leaching rate was very low, at 0.05%. Most of the phosphate fertilizer was absorbed by the red-yellow soil in the tea field. The average T-P concentration was as low as 0.01 mg·l-1. However, the T-P concentration was very high after heavy rain in June and September of 2000. Storm water had a T-P outflow load concentration of 64%. The K+ outflow load was estimated to be 89kg·ha-1 for the year. The leaching rate was 14%. The percentage was very low because K+ was absorbed by surface soil containing clay minerals. The annual Mg2+ and Ca2+ outflow loads were 292kg·ha-1·yr-1 and 266kg·ha-1·yr-1, respectively. Their leaching rates were 63% and 26%, respectively.

著者

山本 富久 中曽根 英雄 松沢 康宏 黒田 久雄 加藤 亮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.6, pp.399-404, 2005-04-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The study area was located in the Makinohara collective tea fields in Shizuoka, Japan. There are flourishing tea industries in this area. The quality and level of the groundwater were observed from Jun. 2002 to Sept. 2003 and examined on the basis of hydrogeology. The Makinohara plateau comprises of clay layers between gravel beds. It yielded discontinuous water qualities caused by perched water in a geological structure. The average concentrations of T-N and NO3-N in the surface water were 26.4 mg·l-1, 23.8mg·l-1, respectively. In contrast, for the groundwater, these concentrations were 17.2 mg·l-1 and 12.6 mg·l-1, respectively. The average concentrations of T-P were 0.012 mg·l-1 in the surface water and 0.022 mg·l-1 in the groundwater. This difference is caused by the dilution effect and release of phosphorus from on aquifer. The annual groundwater effluent loads of nitrogen and phosphorus from the catchments of the Makinohara plateau were 406 t·y-1 and 0.7 t·y-1, respectively.