著者

森田 邦久

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.1_1-1_14, 2009 (Released:2009-09-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 1

---

In this essay, I would like to show a demarcation between science and pseudo-science, from two approaches: theoretical and experimental/observational. Theoretical approach pays attention to revision pattern in theoretical explanation. Especially, when the elucidator introduces new unknown elements for explanation, pseudo-scientific explanation fails to satisfy some conditions. On the other hand, experimental/observational criterion says, pseudo-science claims doubtful phenomenological laws.

著者

伊勢田 哲治

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.2_1-2_17, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 1

---

In this paper I discuss the epistemological implications of the rise of so-called “Mode 2” science. Mode 2 science is a kind of knowledge production in the context of application where knowledge production is conducted in a heterogeneous manner. Because of these features, bilateral science communications, where lay expertise has the same authority as scientific expertise, play significant roles in Mode 2 science. Features of Mode 2 (especially heterogeneity and use of lay expertise) pose epistemological questions: is Mode 2 knowledge as reliable as Mode 1?; what is the methodology used (or at least available) in Mode 2 to assure the reliability?; is Mode 2 worth the name of “science”?; if yes, what is the definition of 'science' used there? I maintain that we can enrich the philosophy of science by taking these questions seriously, and I conduct some preliminary considerations on the final question, namely the question of demarcation taking into account of Mode 2.

著者

石田 正人

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.47-63, 2012-07-30 (Released:2013-06-05)

参考文献数

25

---

A commonly shared image of convergence is that of arrays of light aiming at a focus―a projected vanishing-point to which all empirical inquiry strives to converge or the Kantian regulative ideal that reason aims at beyond the boundaries of all possible experience. Such an intuitive image of convergence is not completely foreign to Peirce's view, but a predominantly optical model of convergence fails to capture the generality and flexibility of the idea that Peirce wished to advocate. This paper formulates Peirce's convergence theory of truth based upon his mathematical insights and examines a number of criticisms leveled against the theory including that of Quine. I argue that Peirce's understanding of convergence is far more sophisticated than what critics have often assumed and that simultaneous convergence to multiple elements is not excluded from his picture.

著者

鈴木 貴之

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.2_13-2_28, 2009 (Released:2010-02-15)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

---

Brain sciences can show that our acts are caused by deterministic processes in our brain and that our acts are often influenced by unconscious brain processes, but these facts alone cannot deny free will. Brain sciences are important rather because they, along with other biological and behavioral sciences, offer the data that seem troublesome for compatibilists. The problem of free will cannot be solved either by conceptual analysis alone or by empirical research alone. Whether we endorse reductionism or non-reductionism, it is necessary to revise our commonsense concept of free will to establish compatibilism.

著者

鈴木 聡

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.150-154, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

3

著者

清水 右郷

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.85-1, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-09-30)

参考文献数

34

---

The concept of “trans-science” has been widely used thanks to contributions from science, technology, and society scholars but sometimes interpreted arbitrarily. I examine original and current usage of the concept and then propose a new definition of it. “Trans-scientific questions” were originally defined as questions of facts which cannot be answered by science, while the standards of unanswerability in science were not definite. Nowadays Japanese scholars invoke “transscience” to claim that scientists should not answer political questions. My proposal is to remake the definition of “trans-scientific questions” in order to accept both original and current usage.

著者

谷川 卓

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.51-70, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

16

---

In this paper, I show what philosophical topics we should examine in order to answer the question “Do holes exist?” First, I point out that the meaning of “concreate” is to be clarified in order to explicate the ontological status of holes. Then, I argue ontological problems of holes in relation to property theory and space-time theory. In my opinion, the ontology of holes should be approached in relation to space-time theory. But in that case, some distinctive features of holes we ordinarily acknowledge might be lost.

著者

坂上 雅道 山本 愛実

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.2_29-2_40, 2009 (Released:2010-02-15)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

---

To survive in changeable circumstances, we have to make appropriate decisions on our behavior. Recent studies have suggested that we have two brain processes to calculate reward values of objects. One is the process coding a specific reward value of a stimulus or event dependent on direct experience. The other enables us to predict reward based on the internal model of given circumstances, including societies, which doesn't necessarily require direct experience. The nigro-striatal network works for the model-free decision and the prefrontal network contributes to the model-based decision. These two networks are cooperative in one occasion and are competitive in another.

著者

長滝 祥司

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.41-60, 2020-03-30 (Released:2020-07-03)

参考文献数

52

---

In this paper, I examine the relationship between emotion and body. First, I briefly survey the history of the concept of emotion with referring to the concept of reason. Second, I explain three ways to access the mind and consider the controversy of nature vs culture about emotion from a viewpoint of the intersubjective body. I argue that the controversy depends on what aspects of the body we focus, suggesting that nature and culture in this context are not necessarily exclusive. Finally, I introduce the experiment we have conducted and confirm that the body involved in emotion is social and intersubjective even at the physical level.

著者

西堤 優

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.1_31-1_44, 2010 (Released:2010-09-26)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) proposed by A. R. Damasio has brought forward a new framework for understanding our decision-making based on the latest findings of neuroscience, and holds that emotion is an essential factor in any decision-making. However, the “Iowa Gambling Task” (IGT), which is the evidence to confirm the hypothesis, has unclear points about how to interpret its results. The present paper makes clear the interpretative problem of the IGT results, suggests some additional tasks to solve the problem, and then, clarifies the contents of SMH.

著者

稲岡 大志

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.67-82, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

21

---

In this paper, we would present an overview of the recent studies on the role of diagram in mathematics. Traditionally, mathematicians and philosophers had thought that diagram should not be used in mathematical proofs, because relying on diagram would cause to various types of fallacies. But recently, some logicians and philosophers try to show that diagram has a legitimate place in proving mathematical theorems. We would review such trends of studies and provide some perspective from viewpoint of philosophy of mathematics.

著者

小林 傳司

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.61-75, 1984-11-24 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

高橋 泰城

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.17-30, 2013-12-20 (Released:2014-06-28)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

One of the recent promising theoretical approaches to accounts of the violation of rationality (or generalize the concept of rationality) in human decision making is quantum decision theory. In this expository review article, I introduce 1) problems of rationality in quantum decision theory and 2) relationships between psychophysics, theoretical neuroscience including neuroeconomics, and quantum decision theory.

著者

並木 美喜雄

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.1-16, 1994-11-18 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

2

著者

古田 徹也

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.53-66, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

5

---

This review concerns Professor Hitoshi Nagai's recent book, Wittgenstein no Goshin (Wittgenstein's Misdiagnosis). In this book, Professor Nagai makes his understanding of the latter part of Wittgenstein's “Blue Book”. He argues that Wittgenstein set up an epoch-making solipsism, which Professor Nagai calls “Wittgenstein's solipsism” or “linguistic solipsism”, but he adds that Wittgenstein himself misunderstood the meaning and significance of this solipsism. In this review, I consider the validity of Professor Nagai's arguments.

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.2_101-2_134, 2008 (Released:2009-08-31)

参考文献数

7

著者

入江 俊夫

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.115-129, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

26

---

This paper concerns so called ‘concept formation thesis' that we can find in Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics. I will deal with this topic by focusing on his view of the relation between a problem and its solution in mathematics. In his ‘middle' period, he had the view that some problems (or conjectures) expressed by the sentences involving quantification over infinite domains are senseless. This is very important because it suggests that the problem-solution relation is such that the solution gives the grammar to the problem. In a special sort of language activity, ‘riddle', words in the question also receives some new meanings from the answer. I will compare mathematics with riddle, which enables us to see the change of perspective that determines similarity and dissimilarity.

著者

次田 瞬

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.17-33, 2015-07-31 (Released:2015-11-08)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

---

Philosophers of mind have advanced three approaches in the project of naturalizing semantics: information semantics, conceptual role semantics, and teleo-semantics. This paper examines the most celebrated but complicated version of teleo-semantics, that is, Millikan's theory of representations. The first half of this paper (section 1-3) motivates and formulates her theory. The latter half (section 4-6) provides clarification of the two technical notions in terms of which Millikan's theory is formulated. One is the cooperation among the producers and the consumers of the representations. The other is the Normal conditions where the consumers of the representations function properly.

著者

永井 均

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.43-55, 1988-11-05 (Released:2009-12-07)

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.137-139, 2023-03-31 (Released:2023-03-31)