著者
時任 静士 熊木 大介
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.5, pp.242-248, 2007-05-10 (Released:2007-06-03)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1 1

Insulator-semiconductor and electrode-semiconductor interfaces are crucial to the performance of organic thin-film transistors (TFTs). This paper reviews how to control the interfaces for improving the performance of p-type and n-type organic TFTs and p-type polymer TFTs. In particular, modifying the gate insulator surface by using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is our main focus. Changes in the water contact angle and surface energy by forming SAMs on the gate insulator surface are shown, and the TFT performance in the organic semiconductor layers grown on the modified surfaces is presented. Crystal growth of the organic semiconductors and charge trap sites on the gate insulator surface are discussed. They explain the improved TFT performance such as field effect mobility and current on/off ratio.
著者
加藤 雅恒 榊原 健二 小池 洋二
出版者
The Surface Science Society of Japan
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.10, pp.737-741, 1999-10-10 (Released:2009-08-07)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1

Recently, much attention has been paid to the microwave processing in the preparation of inorganic materials. The advantages of microwave processing are uniformity of heat treatment and saving of energy and time, which are similar to those of microwave cooking. In this report, our recent research of the synthesis of High-Tc superconductors using a domestic microwave oven is described. We have succeeded in obtaining single-phase samples of the Y-123, Bi-2201 and Bi-2212 phases for several ten min without any post-heat-treatment using an electric furnace. In addition, several reports on the synthesis of other inorganic materials using a domestic microwave oven are introduced.
著者
森川 健志 佐藤 俊介 荒井 健男 関澤 佳太 鈴木 登美子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.6, pp.286-290, 2017-06-10 (Released:2017-06-20)
参考文献数
12

Developing a system for the production of organic chemicals via carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is an important area of research that has the potential to address global warming and fossil fuel consumption. The present study demonstrates artificial photosynthesis for the direct production of organic substances under sunlight using a hybrid photocatalyst composed of a semiconductor and a metal complex catalyst. A solar to chemical energy conversion efficiency of 4.6%, calculated from the change in Gibbs free energy per mole of formic acid formation from CO2 and water (H2O), was demonstrated for CO2 photoreduction utilizing H2O as an electron donor under simulated solar light irradiation to a monolithic tablet-shaped device. These results which store solar photon energy in CO2 molecules could show promise for future progress in this field.
著者
榎本 祐嗣
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.1, pp.56-61, 2002-01-10 (Released:2009-02-14)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
2 1

Electromagnetic grand anomalies prior to large earthquake occurrence have been paid attention especially after the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, though there is much of the debate whether the grand electromagnetic anomalies rest on sound scientific bases or not. Recent laboratory experiments conduced by Ikeya and his group using a Van de Graaff electrostatic generator suggested that such anomalies should be attributed to electrification of the ground level. In this “popular science” note, similar pre-seismic magnetic anomaly that happened at Edo age about 150 years ago is highlighted. Ansei-kenmon-shi published in 1856 noted that at the time about 2 h before destructive Ansei-Edo earth-quake in 1855, a natural magnetic stone at the Ohsumi's spectacle shop in Asakusa, Edo (Tokyo) dropped some iron nails, which had been attached to it. This observation led to the invention of a magnetic seismo-scope for prediction of earthquake occurrence. It is of interest to note that a scientist of ‘elektriciteit (electricity)’ at Edo-age, Sohkichi Hashimoto (1743−1836) had already demonstrated about 190 years ago that electrification of a natural magnetic stone was able to drop iron nails attached to it. The electromagnetic anomalies that accompanied to the Ansei-Edo earthquake were discussed in terms of the ‘Evaluation of proposed earthquake precursors’ given by American Geophysical Union.
著者
畑 一志 坪内 俊之
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.6, pp.351-358, 2003-06-10 (Released:2009-02-22)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
1

Friction drive CVT that evolved to traction drive CVT (T-CVT) was designed toward the end of 19th century, in a short period after automobiles were on the market. The T-CVT was made practicable in Japan in 1999 after approximately 100 years in advance of the world. Automobiles with the T-CVT have been accomplished as an integrated result of the progress of the following components: various machine elements, mechanism, design, processing technology, manufacturing technology, system control technology, material development, and traction oil development. The traction oil has an important function as one of the elements for the T-CVT unit. Its development and practical use have been the key to make T-CVT automobiles practicable. I would like to introduce out research and development of the traction oil showing the related characteristics.
著者
小貫 薫 野口 弘喜 田中 伸幸 竹上 弘彰 久保 真治
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.2, pp.80-85, 2015-02-10 (Released:2015-02-19)
参考文献数
17

Thermochemical water-splitting process decomposes water using thermal energy by operating high temperature endothermic reaction(s) and low temperature exothermic reaction(s) cyclically, with which free energy of water decomposition is produced. The so-called sulfur family processes, which utilize thermal decomposition of sulfuric acid as the high temperature endothermic reaction, have attracted lots of interest among the many processes proposed so far. The IS process represents the pure thermochemical sulfur family processes. The continuous hydrogen production by IS process was demonstrated in laboratory, and the materials of construction for the IS process have been screened by corrosion tests performed in the severe process environment. At present, application of membrane technologies and development of catalysts are under study to improve the hydrogen production performance. Also, development is underway of the chemical reactors made of candidate materials such as ceramics.
著者
樫本 明生
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.4, pp.238-242, 2004-04-10 (Released:2008-08-12)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
3 2

The important functions for make-up foundation are 1) concealing flaws such as pores, spots and wrinkles, 2) providing a beautiful skin color and texture and 3) UV-protection. Furthermore, the foundation requires considerably long-lasting finish, smooth sensation when spreading onto skin, and so on. In recent years, various demands for these performances are greatly growing and many advanced technologies have been developed and applied to make-up cosmetic products. New technologies for make-up foundation, related to surface science and nano materialsare briefly mentioned.
著者
小島 由継
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.11, pp.583-588, 2015-11-10 (Released:2015-12-01)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
1 3

Hydrogen can be stored in many different forms as compressed or liquefied hydrogen in tanks, as a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, as metal hydrides with light elements, as organic hydrides or by adsorption on carbon materials. Ammonia has been expected as a hydrogen energy carrier because it has a high H2 storage capacity with 17.8 wt% and 10.7-12.1 kgH2/100 L. The volumetric hydrogen density is 1.5-2.5 times of liquid hydrogen, and it is easily liquefied under about 1 MPa at room temperature. Ammonia has advantages in cost and convenience as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cell vehicles, energy carrier for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), gas turbine of electric power plants. Current PEM fuel cells are poisoned by trace levels (> 0.1 ppm) of ammonia. After hydrogen generation by ammonia cracking, ammonia absorption materials will be useful to produce the high purity hydrogen gas.
著者
一宮 彪彦
出版者
The Surface Science Society of Japan
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.11, pp.908-917, 1989-12-20 (Released:2009-08-07)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
3 3

実際の結晶表面は表面層としての2次元結晶の下に3次元バルク結晶が接続している。ここではバルクによる電子線の屈折による回折波の方向の変化とそれによるRHEED図形について,種々の表面の例について述べる。
著者
一宮 彪彦
出版者
The Surface Science Society of Japan
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.9, pp.573-578, 1989-10-20 (Released:2009-11-11)
参考文献数
3
被引用文献数
3 3

反射高速電子回折 (RHEED) 図形の解釈について種々の例について述べる。本稿 (1) では, 2次元結晶の逆格子を示し, エワルド球との交点から得られるRHEED図形の特徴を, いくつかの2次元結晶 (微結晶, 多結晶, モザイク結晶など) について述べる。この結果に基づいて続編 (2) ではバルク結晶内でのブラッグ反射とRHEED図形との関係, および種々のバルク表面形態に対する回折図形の特徴を示す.
著者
奥田 誠
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.11, pp.572-576, 2015-11-10 (Released:2015-12-01)
参考文献数
3

‘Liquid organic hydrides’ (such as Methylcyclohexane, generally called Organic hydrides in Japan) are in liquid form under atmospheric temperature and pressure which are able to be hydrogenated and dehydrogenated by a thermochemical process, thus allowing the storage holding high hydrogen content, carriage utilizing present oil related infrastructures (container tanks, storage tanks, filling stations) with little or no modification and production of hydrogen ‘on demand’ for fuel cell vehicles or stationary fuel cells at the point of use. The uniqueness of our mobile hydrogenation equipment is to be able to store fluctuating green hydrogen derived from renewable energy in conjunction with water electrolysis, and available to scale up its size as refinery equipment. Dehydrogenation is endothermic reaction, so our dehydrogenation reactor is designed with consideration of efficient heat transfer utilizing threefold alumite cylinders heated by oxidation reaction with a drop of Toluene (residue of dehydrogenation).
著者
岩清水 晃
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.9, pp.479-480, 2017

南部鉄器の「南部」の名称は約四〇〇年前,南部信直公が盛岡に城を構え,藩主としてこの地を持っていたことにはじまる。南部藩主が京都から盛岡に釜師を招き茶の湯釜を作らせたといわれる。盛岡には古くから砂鉄,岩鉄などの良質な鉄資源や,川砂,粘土,漆,木炭などの原料がすべて地元で産出され,鋳物産業にはもってこいの立地条件にありそのころから鉄器が製造されてきた。守るべき伝統は守りつつ新しいことへも挑戦していく南部鉄器を紹介いたします。
著者
中村 孝
出版者
The Surface Science Society of Japan
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.11, pp.666-670, 1996

強誘電体をメモリなどの半導体集積回路に応用する研究が盛んに行われている。それに伴い強誘電体の成膜などのプロセス技術や物性についてもメモリ素子への応用という観点から研究が進み強誘電体メモリの実用化は秒読み段階になってきた。しかし, 高信頼化や高密度化に向けてまだまだ課題が数多く残されている。高信頼化に向けて現在抱えている問題点としては,データ保持特性, 書換え耐性や耐環境性である。これは, 材料や強誘電体の膜質はもちろんのこと, キャパシタ形成後の還元雰囲気やストレスなどによる劣化が問題となっている。高密度化に対しては, 表面モフォロジーの改善, 薄膜化, エッチングプロセスの特性向上などが望まれてくるであろう。このように, 強誘電体のメモリ応用という観点からPZT系強誘電体を中心に, 材料, プロセス, 電気特性について述べていく。
著者
久保 利隆 野副 尚一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.3, pp.149-157, 2002-03-10 (Released:2008-07-01)
参考文献数
25

In order to elucidate the difference of the mechanisms of imaging between scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM), the atomic structure and local physical properties of SrTiO3(100) surface were studied by using STM and NC-AFM. We theoretically simulated a model cluster with first-principles total energy calculation. Calculated density of states (DOS), work function, images for STM and NC-AFM were in good agreement with experimental data.
著者
安崎 利明
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.11, pp.700-703, 2005-11-10 (Released:2007-08-09)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

For large area coating of architectural glass work with excellent quality and performance of self-cleaning, the sputtering method is suitable for the thickness uniformity and the appearance. Usage of a seed layer is illustrated to form the anatase structure of TiO2. The coating shows the good photo-activity and the excellent self-cleaning performance. This seed layer effectively makes the incomparable lattice matching to the anatase TiO2. Finally, it was found that the double side sputtering with high performance LowE coating is real process when the seed layer is utilized.
著者
浅野 新
出版者
The Surface Science Society of Japan
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.7, pp.473-478, 1994-09-10 (Released:2009-08-07)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
3 2

太陽紫外線の特性,それにより引き起こされるさまざまな皮膚反応,その防御技術と防御効果評価法など,紫外線と皮膚とのかかわりについての簡単な解説を試みた。 地表に到達する紫外線の波長範囲は290~400nmであり,320nmを境に短波長側をUV-B,長波長側をUV-Aとに分類されている。290nm以下の紫外線はオゾン層に吸収され,地表には到達していない。皮膚には,ケラチン蛋白とメラニン色素が存在し,紫外線を物理的,化学的に遮断している。しかし,多量の紫外線を浴びた場合には急性皮膚反応,また長期間にわたり浴びた場合には慢性皮膚反応が起こる。急性反応としては,一般的に日焼け反応として知られている,紅斑,表皮肥厚,落屑反応がある。慢性反応としては,しわ,たるみに代表される光加齢反応がある。このような紫外線による皮膚障害を防御するために,さまざまな紫外線吸収剤,散乱剤を配合した,サンスクリーン製品が開発されている。サンスクリーン製品の紫外線防御効果を評価するために,SPF(San Protecting Factor)測定法基準が設定されている。
著者
篠原 正
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.1, pp.4-11, 2015-01-10 (Released:2015-01-22)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
7

Many structural metallic materials are exposed to atmospheric environments. And corrosion in these environments, so called “Atmospheric Corrosion”, commonly initiates and develops under thin water films formed by dew or rain drops. A composition of water film depends on the air pollutant deposition rate, and changes with the humidity and temperature conditions of the atmosphere. Many sensors and the measurement techniques have been developed to evaluated corrosivities in atmospheric environments and corrosion behaviors in those environments. In this paper, the present state of atmospheric corrosion researches are discussed based on the roles of water and deposits and environmental factors which are evaluated by those sensors and measurement techniques.
著者
齋藤 彰 石川 陽子 宮村 友輔 十河 健司 中島 匡貴 赤井 恵 桑原 裕司 平井 義彦
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.8, pp.414-420, 2007-08-10 (Released:2007-08-18)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
2 1

The brilliant blue luster of Morpho butterflies is produced by their scale that does not contain a blue pigment. The origin of the coloration can be attributed to an optical effect on a specific nano-structure, which can explain both of the high reflectivity and the mystery that the blue appears from wide angle despite an interference effect. We have successfully reproduced the Morpho-blue by fabricating nano-structure by extracting the principles of the coloration. The reproduced Morpho-type materials are expected to serve to various industrial applications. However, the process to fabricate the nano-structure spends too much time and cost using conventional lithography. To solve this problem, nano-imprint lithography was applied to fabricate the nano-structure. As a result, Morpho-color was replicated successfully in low cost and short time. Its optical properties were estimated by optical measurements, and found to show the basic characteristics of the original Morpho-blue.
著者
橋詰 保 谷田部 然治 佐藤 威友
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.2, pp.96-101, 2014-02-10 (Released:2014-02-19)
参考文献数
13

Interface properties of GaN-based heterostructures have been characterized. Schottky contacts on dry-etched n-GaN layers showed leaky I-V characteristics. An anneal process at 400°C was effective in recovering the rectifying characteristics. To characterize interface properties of Al2O3 insulated gates on AlGaN/GaN structures with and without the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of AlGaN, we have developed a C-V calculation method taking into account electronic state charges at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface and a photoassisted C-V technique utilizing photons with energies less than the bandgap of AlGaN. It was found that the ICP etching caused the monolayer-level interface roughness, disorder of the chemical bonds and formation of various types of defect complexes at the AlGaN surface, resulting in poor C-V characteristics due to high-density interface states at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface.
著者
西川 恵子 畠山 義清
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.4, pp.185-191, 2013-04-10 (Released:2013-04-25)
参考文献数
31

Sputter deposition of metals into a capture medium with extremely low vapor pressure is a simple and convenient method to generate the metal nanoparticles (NPs) without chemical reactions. By careful selection of the capture medium and its temperature, the size of synthesized NPs can be controlled. Sputtering conditions also play an important role in determining the size of NPs. We synthesized Au NPs in a standard ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate by systematically varying the sputtering conditions. It is proved that the temperature of the target and applied voltages have a strong influence on the size of Au NPs, while the working distance between the target and the surface of the capture media, sputtering time, and discharge current have little or no influence. Lower temperatures of the ionic liquid and of the target and higher applied voltage are desired for generating size-controlled smaller NPs.