著者

山下 理恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.46-49, 2013-01-10 (Released:2013-01-23)

参考文献数

3

著者

尾上 順

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.38-43, 2013-01-10 (Released:2013-01-23)

参考文献数

47

---

A. Einstein first applied Riemannian geometry to develop the general theory of relativity almost one hundred years ago and succeeded in understanding astronomical-scale phenomena such as the straining of time-space by a gravitational field. It is of great interest to reveal whether or not Riemannian geometry affects the electronic properties of condensed matters on a much smaller scale. Although Riemannian geometry has been applied to quantum mechanics since the 1950s, nobody has yet answered this question, because the electronic properties of materials with Riemannian geometry have not been examined experimentally. We report here the prediction and observation of Riemannian geometrical effects on the electronic properties of one-dimensional metallic uneven peanut-shaped C60 polymer.

著者

松川 宏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.6, pp.328-333, 2003-06-10 (Released:2009-02-22)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

4 3

---

Recent progress in the physical research of friction is reviewed. We discuss some mechanisms proposal for Amonton and Coulomb's law that is applied well in various systems. The energy dissipation process associated with dynamical friction is also discussed. New experimental techniques that aim to observe the sliding interfaces between solid surfaces and lubricants are introduced.

著者

村田 好正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.5, pp.284-290, 2008-05-10 (Released:2008-05-18)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Reconstruction on open surfaces of Ir, Pt and Au, i.e. (001) and (110) surfaces of fcc metals, is caused by the relativistic effect through increase of the d-hole density of the valence state. The reconstruction of Pt(001) and Pt(110) surfaces is lifted by adsorption of CO and NO molecules and its lifting is caused by reduction of the d-hole density due to donation of lone-pair electrons of these molecules. Although oscillation in the reaction rate of CO oxidation and fantastic two-dimensional images corresponding to various oscillation patterns on Pt(001) and Pt(110) surfaces were observed by Ertl's group, these phenomena can be explained by the change of the d-hole density enhanced by the relativistic effect. Finally, laser-induced desortion of NO from Pt(111) and Pt(111)-Ge surface alloy is also discussed using the relativistic effect.

著者

針山 孝彦 堀口 弘子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.290-293, 2010-06-10 (Released:2010-06-18)

参考文献数

7

---

The semi-terrestrial isopod, Ligia exotica, lives on the seashore among jetties and rocks. It shows poor resistance to desiccation and cannot live without seawater. When it is exposed to dry conditions, its body weight decreases to 90% of the initial weight within three hours. When subsequently presented with wet paper, legs VI- and VII-th of the animal are firmly apposed and stationed for a while. Since the body weight had increased after this behaviour, a pair of caudal legs seemed to play an important role to absorb water. Morphological observations of those caudal legs revealed that there is a series of thin cuticler protrusions, oriented in several parallel lines, which is developed on from 2nd to 5th podite of the VI-th preiopod and 6th podite of the VII-th pereiopod. When we immersed each leg from the tip, the water flows along those series of thin cuticler protrusions. The animal absorbs water along those surface structures of the caudal legs.

著者

天野 絵里子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.268-272, 2016

---

This article introduces ideas and practices behind Kyoto University's Open Access Policy established in April, 2015. Kyoto University was the first Japanese university that implemented open access (OA) policies to make its scholarly articles freely accessible. This implementation has garnered wide media attention, encouraging other research universities to follow the same action. The article describes basic ideas behind Kyoto University's OA policy as well as recent developments in Japan. It also discusses what obstacles Japanese universities encounter as they endorse OA policy against multiple stakeholders in the academic publishing industry. It finally suggests what can be done to improve the whole OA system, especially in relation to potential conflicts over copyrights between universities and academic associations.

著者

中島 耕一 今田 康夫 奈良坂 ひろ子 毛利 尚武 斉藤 満

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.28-34, 1984-03-01 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2 3

---

The morphology and friction coefficient associated with water content and lipid on the skin of the inner part of the forearm, were investigated in 250 healthy subjects. It was found by electron microscopy that skin surface exhibited a pattern formed by two types of stripes, main stripes and fine stripes and these differ in length and depth from the superficial surface of the skin. Total length of the stripes on the skin surface per unit area decreases gradually with age of subject, and the pattern of the skin surface in advanced age is mainly formed by the main stripes. Friction coefficient of the surface depends largely on the total length of the stripes per unit area. It increases monotonically with the decrease of the total length.The relationship was investigated between water content and friction coefficient on skin surface, and it was found that there was an optimum water content to minimize friction coefficient of the skin surface.

著者

奥村 雅彦 中村 博樹 町田 昌彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.135-142, 2013-03-10 (Released:2013-03-22)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 5

---

Since large amounts of radioisotopes of Cs was released after the accidents at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear powerplants, a tremendous number of scientists and engineers have faced several issues in terms of decontamination ofradioactive Cs. In this paper, we present our recent two computational works based on density functional theory, one of which is to clarify mechanism of strong adsorption and retention of Cs in clay minerals to establish an effective Cs removal scheme from large amounts of radioactive wastes left by decontamination activities, and the other of which is to reveal why zeolites can selectively catch Cs even in the presence of other minerals and to make a guideline to create a more improved materials to remove Cs as well as other radioactive ions.

著者

長谷川 修司 平原 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.216-225, 2011-04-10 (Released:2011-04-19)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

2 1

---

By comparing topologically trivial materials (Au, Bi, graphene) and topological insulators (Bi1-xSbx, Bi2Se3), we discuss what the features unique to topological surface states are. The properties reported so far for topological insulators are all explained by Rashba effect due to strong spin-orbit interaction and break down of space-inversion symmetry at surfaces. Topological arguments are not needed. Spin-split surface states with spin-texture Fermi surfaces, however, are very attractive play grounds for exploring spin-flow physics.

著者

寺田 雅子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.45-49, 1991-02-20 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

7

---

抹茶は, なぜ泡立つのだろうか。抹茶の成分と, 抹茶を点 (た) てる所作や道具の点から, 解説してみよう。抹茶には起泡成分として茶葉サポニン, 泡沫修飾成分としてペクチンが存在する。良好な泡沫を形成するためには, これらを適当な割合に溶出させることが大切な条件である。また, 茶筅さばきも重要であり, したがって泡立て中の抹茶懸濁液の動きとを追跡して, 泡沫の形成状態との関連性について述べた。さらに, 泡沫の性状が茶筅の構造に依存していることにもふれてみた。

著者

岸尾 光二

出版者

The Surface Science Society of Japan

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.176-180, 1992-04-20 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

7

---

約5年前に誕生し, 超伝導の歴史を完ぺきといえるほどまでに書き換えてしまった高温の超伝導体は, そのほとんどが銅の酸化物を基本としている。酸化物の発見以前にはその上昇を強く拒んでいた超伝導臨界温度 (当時23Kが最高であった) が, またたく問に100K近くに上昇するという大事件であった。酸化物の分野ではほぼ未開拓であったともいえるこれら銅の複合酸化物群に, その後続々と見出された一連の超伝導体は, 真っ黒な色を示す。なぜ, これらの物質は黒く見えるのか, 黒いことに何らかの必然性があるのかについて考えるとともに, この件についての発見当時の混乱状況などについても紹介してみたい。

著者

西森 拓

出版者

The Surface Science Society of Japan

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.267-272, 1995-04-10 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

12

---

風紋と砂丘をコンピュータの中で作ってみた。非常に単純なルールに基づいたシミュレーションではあるが, 現実の系の特徴をよくとらえている。本稿では, 風による砂表面での基本的なダイナミクスを解説するとともに, シミュレーションを通じて, 砂地形のパターン形成のからくりを明らかにしていく。

著者

最田 優

出版者

The Surface Science Society of Japan

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.238-242, 1993-06-01 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

7

---

ウイスキーのおいしさは,その由来から<穀物のうまさ><醸しのうまさ><蒸留のうまさ><熟成のうまさ>の四つに分けられる。中でも熟成のうまさを兼ね備えていることがウイスキーを世界中で飲まれる酒に育て上げた大きい要因と考えられる。ウイスキーの熟成はオーク樽に長い年月貯蔵して初めて得られるものであり,ウイスキーを飲むことは時間を飲むことだといえる。 樽貯蔵中には樽材を通した蒸散,樽材成分の分解溶出,種々の成分間の反応などの物質の変化と共に,物性の変化がゆっくりと起こる。樽貯蔵はアルコール度数60%前後で行われているが,貯蔵中にエタノールと水の分子会合が進み,大きいクラスターが貯蔵年数と共に増加する。また、熟成したウイスキーなどでは誘電率の低下や,気相でのエタノール蒸気分圧の低下などが知られている。このような溶液の状態の変化が,物質の変化と共にウイスキーの味わいのまろやかさをつくりあげている。 最近のクラスターの解析から幅広い濃度でのエタノール水溶液の特徴がわかってきている。ウイスキーを水割りで飲む場合の濃度は溶液の状態が大きく変化する範囲にあり,水割りとして好まれる濃度との関係でおおいに興味をひかれる。

著者

佐藤 直紀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.8, pp.480-484, 2006-08-10 (Released:2007-12-05)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

4 2

---

The mechanisms of beautifulness of Japanese black and brown hairs, the structure factors influencing on appearance, and technologies to develop hair shine and vividness of color are reviewed. Various types of pores in each part of the fiber generated by hair damage cause light scattering, which leads to loosing hair shine. Pore fixation technology using aqueous malic acid solution was found effective to reduce light scattering due to swelling ability of the organic acid. Furthermore, the novel chroma enhancement technology with using only shampoo and conditioner is reviewed. Fibers with surface structures having fine concaves and convexes show developing vividness in color. The mechanism of the color enhancement was explained by approximation theory of effective media, by which the refractive index of the treated fiber surfaces was estimated to be less than 1.3.

著者

栗田 一成 門野 武 奥山 亮輔 廣瀬 諒 柾田 亜由美 奥田 秀彦 古賀 祥泰

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.104-109, 2016-03-10 (Released:2016-03-23)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

7 9

---

In recent years, CMOS image sensor has been widely used for ubiquitous devices such as smart-phone and tablets. However, CMOS image sensors performance are dramatically influenced by process induced defects such as metallic impurities related deep level defects in the space-charge region. Thus, it is extremely important to study metallic impurities influence on CMOS image sensor performance and to develop effectiveness metallic impurities gettering technique. In this article, we introduce our new proximity gettering technique for advanced CMOS image sensor by using a carbon cluster ion implantation technique. In addition, we demonstrate that the carbon cluster ion implanted silicon wafer has high gettering capability of oxygen, hydrogen and metallic impurity after CMOS simulation heat treatment.

著者

江澤 雅彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.8, pp.449-456, 2014-08-10 (Released:2014-08-23)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

---

We review the recent progress of the study of silicene, which is a honeycomb structure of silicon atoms. Silicene shares many similar properties with graphene but has some extra exciting properties since it is a topological insulator due to its spin-orbit interactions. Silicene has so far been synthesized only on a substrate. The synthesis and the measuring physical properties of silicene are interesting playgrounds of the surface science.

著者

中本 高道

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.10, pp.629-634, 2005-10-10 (Released:2007-08-09)

参考文献数

21

---

An odor recorder for recording recipe of smell as well as reproducing it has been developed. It includes an array of sensors with partially overlapping specificities, odor blender and its recipe modification algorithm implemented in a computer. In the odor recorder, the recipe of the blended odor is iteratively modified so that the output pattern of the blended odor can agree with that of the target odor. The real-time reference method was developed to suppress the influence of the environmental change and to record the dynamical change of the odor. The target and blended odors are alternately supplied to the sensors and the recipe of the blended odor is adjusted so that the difference of the sensor responses between the two can be minimized. The dynamical change of the recipe of the four component odors in the apple flavor was successfully recorded without the influence of the environmental disturbance such as temperature and humidity changes.

著者

有賀 哲也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.341-347, 2006-06-10 (Released:2007-12-12)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3 3

---

Palladium absorbs hydrogen exothermically. Under the industrial conditions for hydrogenation reactions over palladium catalysts, palladium particles should be working as palladium hydride α'-PdHx (x > 0.6), which suggests the enrollment of absorbed hydrogen in the hydrogenation reaction. In this article, after the energetics, kinetics, and microscopic mechanism of the hydrogen absorption and release processes on palladium surface is reviewed, the recent research on the role of absorbed hydrogen on the alkene hydrogenation reaction on palladium is briefed.

著者

天野 絵里子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.268-272, 2016-06-10 (Released:2016-06-21)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

---

This article introduces ideas and practices behind Kyoto University's Open Access Policy established in April, 2015. Kyoto University was the first Japanese university that implemented open access (OA) policies to make its scholarly articles freely accessible. This implementation has garnered wide media attention, encouraging other research universities to follow the same action. The article describes basic ideas behind Kyoto University's OA policy as well as recent developments in Japan. It also discusses what obstacles Japanese universities encounter as they endorse OA policy against multiple stakeholders in the academic publishing industry. It finally suggests what can be done to improve the whole OA system, especially in relation to potential conflicts over copyrights between universities and academic associations.

著者

坂本 友和 岸 浩史 山口 進 田中 裕久 松村 大樹 田村 和久 西畑 保雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.78-83, 2016-02-10 (Released:2016-02-23)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

---

We have developed direct liquid fuel anion exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles to deal with the global warming. Non-platinum group metals (PGM) catalyst has been researched to apply for both anode and cathode electrodes. A test driving was carried out for the fuel cell vehicle equipped with no precious metals as catalysts at SPring-8 in 2013. Here we introduce our results of advanced analysis for reaction mechanism and active site of non-PGM catalyst using synchrotron radiation X-rays at SPring-8.