著者

加藤 博章

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.37-44, 2015 (Released:2015-06-30)

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At the August 2 1990, the Gulf crisis broke out. The United States was seeking the cooperation of the SDF dispatch and funding cooperation in Japan. The Government of Japan was refused dispatch of Self-Defense Forces from the context of Article 9 and accepted other support including financial supports. However, the US Congress and the US media criticized reluctant the correspondence of the Japanese government. Japanese government considered personnel support without using Self-Defense Forces, but Japanese government could not be realized. As a result, Japanese response after the Gulf crisis is described as "Gulf trauma". The main factors that led to this situation was in Japan's political situation at the time. At the time, Liberal Democratic Party was not a majority in the House of Councilors. Therefore, Japanese government needed to assistance by opposition party like Socialist party or Komeito. However, the opposition was reluctant to support to the multinational force. Japanese government was difficult to appeal actively support measures at home and abroad by paying mind for opposition party. In addition, there was also bad timing such as to announce support measures after the additional burden resolution voting against Japan in the US Congress, Japan for the Gulf crisis from the United States Congress and the media, are able to receive it and are taking a passive response, it is they've decided that criticism.

著者

荻原 祐二

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.177-183, 2015 (Released:2015-12-27)

被引用文献数

3 18

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This paper examined the characteristics and patterns of uncommon names in present-day Japan. Uncommon names have increasingly attracted a remarkable amount of attention, both in the academic field and in society at large. In order to capture the underlying nature of the phenomenon of giving uncommon names to babies, it is important as a first step to describe the characteristics of uncommon names and to systematically categorize them within a structured framework. However, past research mostly focused on names that were too unique and unclear about how they were to be read (kirakira names), which reflected partial and potentially misleadingly extreme aspects of the phenomenon. Moreover, previous research has used unique names that were possibly invented and hypothetical, which is not productive to understanding the actual phenomenon of giving uncommon names and might produce/reproduce "anecdotal names" or "urban legend names." Therefore, in this article, names that were uncommon (not too unique) and real (not hypothetical) were examined. It is suggested that there are two ways of giving uncommon names: (1) giving an uncommon reading/pronunciation to Chinese characters and (2) giving uncommon Chinese characters. There are three typical ways of providing uncommon readings: (1-1) abbreviating the common reading of Chinese characters, (1-2) reading Chinese characters with the pronunciation of a foreign word that corresponds to its semantic meaning and (1-3) giving readings based on the semantic meaning of Chinese characters. In contrast, there are two typical ways of giving uncommon Chinese characters: (2-1) giving Chinese characters that are not encountered frequently in daily life and (2-2) including silent Chinese characters that add to the semantic meaning without contributing to the pronunciation. The characteristics of uncommon names and future directions in research investigating uncommon names in Japan were discussed.

著者

山田 慎太郎 藤井 聡 宮川 愛由

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.155-164, 2016 (Released:2017-01-06)

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A referendum in a manner of direct democracy has been occasionally adopted in Japan for a political decision. However, it may not always maximize public interest, and it may thus lead failure. This referendum failure can easily emerge when those who insist a controversial policy, such as politicians who can benefit from the policy, use sophistry to justify the policy. This is because voters can not rationally judge the policy ouing to the sophistry. In this research we focus on politicians' remarks related to the referendum of "Osaka Metropolis Concept" of which voting day was 17th May, 2015 in Osaka City. We quantitatively analyzed remarks by 2 politicians, who are representative debaters in 2 major political parties in Twitter for a month (from 17th, April, 2015 to 17th, May, 2015), and remarks by them in a debate TV program casted in 12th, February, 2015. The result indicates that sophistry accounted for 33.9 % of the Twitter sentences and 48.0 % of the verbal sentences spoken by a politician who insisted the concept, whereas almost no sophistry (only 0.1 %) for the other politician. This result implies that there was risk that voters might not be able not rationally judge based on such frequent sophistry.

著者

荻原 祐二

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.129-133, 2022 (Released:2022-12-25)

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People in general frequently discuss the uniqueness of kirakira names and the pros and cons of kirakira names on the assumption that the rates of kirakira names have increased over time in Japan. However, empirical evidence that shows an increase in kirakira names was not directly provided, leaving it unclear whether the rates of kirakira names really increased. Therefore, this article discusses whether kirakira names indeed increased based on empirical evidence. Specifically, by taking account of previous research that clarifies the definitions of kirakira names and the components of these definitions, this article assesses whether names with each of the components have increased. Consequently, under the broad definition “low-frequency names,” kirakira names have increased, based on prior research indicating an increase in unique names in Japan. In contrast, under the narrow definitions that have three additional components ("names that deviate from traditions," "names that are difficult to read," and "names that are used in positive or neutral contexts") within the category of "low-frequency names," there is no evidence that examines historical changes in the rates of kirakira names, leaving it impossible, at least at present, to insist that kirakira names have increased. Moreover, this article shows that it is impossible to claim that kirakira names that follow the definitions provided in representative dictionaries and encyclopedias have increased. This article discusses whether kirakira names have really increased based on empirical evidence, contributing to an accurate understanding of society, culture, human, and language, and leading to the advancement of practices and applications in the correct direction.

著者

荻原 祐二

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.71-79, 2022 (Released:2022-12-25)

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The term “kirakira name” has been broadly used in Japan. However, the definition of this term is ambiguous, and what it means is not sufficiently clear. This lack of clarity has caused misunderstandings, insufficient understandings, and unnecessary disputes, which have led to the constriction of appropriate communications, productive discussions, and accumulations of scientific findings, both in society at large and in academic fields. Therefore, this article clarified the definitions of kirakira names and the components of these definitions by exploring representative dictionaries and encyclopedias. Analyses showed that only one component was consistently found among all the definitions: “low-frequency names.” Thus, the broad definition of kirakira name is “low-frequency names.” Moreover, three components were found in not all but some of the definitions: (1) “names that deviate from traditions,” (2) “names that are difficult to read,” and (3) “names that are used in positive or neutral contexts.” Thus, the narrow definition of kirakira name based on these three components is “low-frequency names that deviate from traditions and are difficult to read (when Chinese characters are used), which are used in positive or neutral contexts.” This article is important because it clarifies the definition of kirakira name, which has been ambiguously understood and separately discussed, and it also provides fundamental and sharable definitions of kirakira names. In addition, this article shows that definitions of kirakira names and their components differ even among representative dictionaries and encyclopedias. Therefore, before discussing kirakira names, it is recommended that people explain their intended definition of kirakira names or at least what they mean.

著者

八田 武志 八田 武俊 戸田山 和久 唐沢 穣

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.41-46, 2011 (Released:2011-06-30)

参考文献数

14

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The present study examined whether false beliefs on neuroscience among college students can be corrected by the class lecture of neuropsychology. On the basis of a within subjects experimental design, a 21-item questionnaire was administered to 30 female students from a school of psychology during the first class meeting in a semester as the pre-test and at the final class meeting as the post-test. The participants were asked to judge whether each statement was correct or wrong and evaluate the confidence in their response on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The comparison between the pre- and post-tests with respect to the overall correct response rate showed a significant effect. However, further analyses for separate questionnaire items showed that the majority of items did not show any significant change individually between the pre- and post-tests, with only two exceptional items showing the effect. Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that the present results suggest the following. That is, although the class lecture of neuro-psychology discussed issues such as the methodology in scientific research, limitations of brain imaging, and refutation of false information in textbooks concerning the right versus left brains, it nevertheless remained to be a difficult task to reduce the misconception of false scientific information among students by lectures in classrooms. We also emphasized the responsibility that mass media is a powerful source of misunderstanding in the scientific knowledge among the general public.

著者

野村 康

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.91-105, 2013 (Released:2013-12-25)

参考文献数

45

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Direct action is often regarded as a response to democratic deficit because it can sensitize the general public to the cause of the marginalized, stimulating communication among individuals of different walks of life in society. However, such theoretical discussion has mainly been limited to domestic situations, despite the development of transnational activism in practice. This paper examines a case of trans-border direct action - a contentious anti-whaling protest by the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society in a town in Japan. It illustrates that trans-border direct action can be detrimental to democracy for sustainability, largely because of the disparity of power related to communication in the global society. Such action might even pave paths for the powerful to pressure the weak. At the international level, the group legitimized its civil and uncivil forms of disobedience by using advanced English language and media skills to overwhelm the voices of local actors. At the local and national levels, the group's action lacked support and legal-democratic efforts through communication and discussion with stakeholders. Thus, the group failed to save the lives of cetaceans and to strengthen anti-whaling activism. Re-examination of the nexus between radical activism, communication and sustainability that involves social and cultural diversity is recommended.

著者

八田 武志

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.145-148, 2016 (Released:2017-01-06)

被引用文献数

2

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In the context of examination as for the relation between handedness and brain function, many studies have investigated cognitive function of the left-handed people using behavioral measures such as the Stroop test, however the relation still remains unclear. In this study, the relation between handedness and executive function was examined using the Stroop test performances of 100 left-handed (50 males and 50 females) and 100 age-matched right-handed (50 males and 50 females) healthy community dwellers. They were from the database of the Yokumo Study. The mean age of the participants was 61.7 (SD = 10.8). The results of the present study did not show any significant difference either in the color naming speed or the Stroop interference effect size. Possible contribution of aging effects of hemisphere lateralization on cognitive function in upper middle aged left-handedness was discussed.

著者

藤井 聡 柴山 桂太 中野 剛志

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.85-90, 2012 (Released:2013-01-11)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

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In this paper, a theoretical hypothesis that public works would have deterrence effects of deflation under the situation that deflation-gap exists was tested empirically. For testing this hypothesis empirically, we used macro-economics data in Japan since 1991 when the huge deflation-gap was brought by the collapse of the babble economy. As a result, we found that 1,000 billions yen's public works increases the GDP deflator by 0.2-0.8 % and increases nominal GDP by about 2,430 billions yen - 4,550 billions yen. This results support the hypothesis that public works would have deterrence effects of deflation under the situation that deflation-gap exists. It was also found that the deflation deterrence effects by the public works was larger than that by the in-crease export.

著者

竹部 成崇

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.31-38, 2019 (Released:2019-08-05)

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Phrases describing “sweetness” are commonly used to express romantic love and the quality of kindness, such as “my sweet love” and “she is a sweetie.” Recent research suggests that the experience of sweetness also affects one’s romantic perceptions and prosociality. However, because previous studies manipulated the experience of sweetness through taste, there exists the possibility that the results were derived not from the experience of sweetness itself but from other factors such as the calories of sweet foods. In addition, some of the findings in previous research, though not exactly the effects of the experience of sweetness, have not been replicated, meaning it is possible that the effects of the experience of sweetness also do not exist. Considering these, this study manipulated the experience of sweetness through scent and tested whether it affects romantic perceptions and prosociality. First, participants smelled a cotton puff on which a sweet scent was (or was not) put. Then, they answered questions regarding romantic interest, evaluation of a relationship with a hypothetical partner, and prosocial intention. The experience of sweetness did affect romantic interest and prosocial intention. However, the effects were contrary to those of previous research: sweet scent decreased romantic interest and prosocial intention. The opposing results may be interpreted by taking into consideration whether “comparison with the self” occurred or not. Specifically, participants in the sweet scent condition of this study felt that they were not sweet compared to the cotton puff because the cotton puff was outside of their bodies and, therefore, reported decreased romantic interest and prosocial intention. On the other hand, participants in the sweet food conditions of previous studies felt that they were sweet like the sweet foods because they had taken the sweetness into themselves and, therefore, reported increased romantic interest and prosocial intention. Overall, this study suggests the flexibility of the effects of the experience of sweetness.

著者

永瀬 開

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.35-44, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

被引用文献数

2

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Previous studies have noted the in emotion regulation difficulties of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present review aimed to explore trends in the process of emotion regulation among individuals with ASD. According to previous studies, emotion regulation involves strategies of reappraisal and suppression. The findings were that (a) individuals with ASD experience difficulty in using reappraisal strategies, (b) individuals with ASD exhibit the maladaptive behaviors, so they experience difficulty in using the emotion regulation strategies, (c) individuals with ASD exhibit psychiatric symptoms, so that they experience difficulty in using reappraisal strategies, and (d) emotion regulation intervention for in individuals with ASD involves cognitive behavioral therapy. These findings suggested that further studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of the psychodramatic method in using reappraisal strategies for individuals with ASD.

著者

遠藤 皓亮 藤井 聡 中野 剛志

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.41-49, 2014 (Released:2014-07-23)

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The objective of this study is to investigate how people's attitude toward governmental finance is influenced by information that they obtained. We conducted an experiment in which we provide different types of information to different participant groups. The information themes we provided include public investment and the governmental bonds. In some groups, the information was provided with numerical data and graphs, but in the other groups, the information was without them. The 400 participants were randomly assigned into a control group and 6 experimental groups (3 types of information themes, i.e. public investment, governmental bonds and both multiplied by 2 types of information content, i.e. with and without numerical data and graphs). As a result, we find that: 1) information with numerical data and graphs have stronger effects than that without them on attitude toward governmental finances, 2) information have stronger effects for those with higher concern or higher literacy on the policy, and 3) too much information have lesser effects than that with fewer information.

著者

川田 桂

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.133-145, 2010 (Released:2010-12-29)

参考文献数

53

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This paper analyzes about Uyagan that is the local belief at village of Karimata, Shimajiri in northern Miyako Island and Ogami Island area, Okinawa Prefecture. These area where tells Uyagan, Kamiuta is sung at the service. So it has been handed down orally. The purpose of this paper is to consider the total image of Uyagan especially from the content of the Uyagan and Kamiuta at Karimata area in Miyako Island. The ritual in Uyagan is held by women who stay those areas. God possess special women who service Uyagan. It is the taboo to speak the details out. So the concrete details are not known except those women.

著者

傅 佳慧

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.51-56, 2018 (Released:2018-07-02)

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3つのパズルに取り組む際の、2つの東アジア文化圏(日本と中国)における3歳児の行動が観察された。参加者は、日本人(n = 20)および中国(n = 25)の保育園の子どもたちであった。観察された行動項目は、5つの行動、3つの言語表現、及び5つの表情であった。中国の子どもたちは日本の子どもたちよりも行動を多く表出した。異文化間の心理学において、東アジアの文化はしばしば西洋の文化と比較され、ひとくくりとしてまとめられがちである。本研究の結果は、同じ東アジア圏の日本と中国の子どもたちが異なっていることを示しており、東アジア文化は以前の研究で想定されていたよりも複雑であることを示唆している。

著者

川田 稔

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.2_77-2_89, 2007 (Released:2009-06-22)

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Nagata Tetsuzan is known as one of the leading figures of the Imperial Army after Manchurian incident. However, it can be said that the full- scale research on him has not been done yet. The author has interpreted so far Nagata's visions and policies during 1920s and Manchurian incident. This paper focuses on the period from April 1932 to August 1933 while he was chief of the intelligence divisions of the general staff to explore what Nagata was thinking particularly in 1933. Those are the times when a committee was organized among chief officials in the war ministry, which brought about contentions between two factions of army officers; the Imperial Way group (Kohdoh-ha) and the Control Faction (Tohsei-ha). And furthermore, during that time, Nagata and his group were clearly coming out with their political stance towards the movement of national reconstruction by younger military officers. This period historically has a significant meaning.

著者

沼尻 了俊 宮川 愛由 神田 佑亮 中尾 聡史 藤井 聡

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.141-151, 2015 (Released:2015-12-27)

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In elections, the nation is required to judge candidates or parties which have the ability to lead the country or regions toward a good direction. However, in some elections, it seems that the factors extraneous to the ability, such as name value or popularity, have enormous influence to the support attitude or voting behaviour. This study performed questionnaire survey in Sakai city, Osaka prefecture in order to examine the effect of the media which serves information regarding elections to people. As a result, positive correlations has been shown between the contact tendency of media and TV programs which emphasise atmosphere or image and the positive attitude towards candidates or parties. The contact tendency is stronger in Japan Restoration Party, Osaka Restoration Association, and other related candidates.

著者

市原 学 杉村 智子 大坪 靖直 黒川 雅幸 笹山 郁生 永江 誠司

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.2_23-2_26, 2008 (Released:2009-06-03)

参考文献数

11

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In a recent article, Killeen (2005) proposed the statistic prep, the probability of replicating an effect, as an alternative to traditional null-hypotheses significant tests (NHST). In this article, two experiments were conducted and their analytical results based on prep and traditional p values were compared: non-significant results based on p values were reinterpreted as meaningful results in light of power analysis, calculating the effect size and prep value. The tendency of p value analyses not to reveal non-significant results (i.e. the file drawer problem) and the improvement of decision-making methods are discussed.

著者

髙田 咲季 後藤 崇志

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.43-48, 2022 (Released:2022-06-21)

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We examined the stereotypical images of those who do not have a romantic partner with considering their desire for a romantic relationship. We revealed that those who had neither a romantic partner nor a desire for a romantic relationship were evaluated the most negatively in the sociality dimension. We also revealed that they were evaluated negatively in the positive trait dimension, while those who do not have a romantic partner but have a desire for were not. Furthermore, we showed that they were evaluated negatively in the negative trait dimension by those who had less egalitarian sex role attitudes. We discussed the possibility that stereotypes about those who do not have a romantic partner were involved with the internalization of a “normative” life course.

著者

白岩 祐子 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.25-34, 2018 (Released:2018-07-02)

被引用文献数

1

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Previous studies have revealed that the bereaved family of crime are deeply hurt by judicial dissection. In order to control the psychological stress, they tend to adopt a strategy to focus on procedural problems in judicial dissection and propose measures for improvement. However, the present study, in which we collected detailed narratives from a member of traffic accident bereaved family with an interview method, suggested that the dissection itself is extremely strong damage to the bereaved family, and that introduction of another inspection method to investigate the cause of death replacing dissection is necessary. Based on the analysis of the interview, we proposed a new method called Ai (autopsy imaging) and discussed the benefits.

著者

塚本 早織 唐沢 穣

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.13-20, 2015 (Released:2015-06-30)

被引用文献数

1 1

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自分とは反対の性格特性を持つ他者が,異なる民族の一員であった場合,人はその性格の違いを民族性が原因であるかのように解釈する場合がある。日常生活においてみられるこのような過度な一般化は、民族に関する偏ったステレオタイプを形成する一因となる。本研究は、個人の特徴に関する知識が、カテゴリーに関する知識へと一般化される状況と、それに影響を与える個人差要因に着目した実証的研究を行った。個人差要因として、心理的本質主義信念を測定し、民族カテゴリーに行動や認知の原因となる本質的因子の存在を錯覚しやすい人ほど、他民族他者と自身の違いを民族性の違いとして一般化する傾向が強いと予測した。実験参加者は全て日本人学生であったが、実験参加のパートナーという名目で「留学生」(実験1ではインドネシア国籍、実験2では中国国籍)あるいは「日本人」の実験協力者と同時に実験に参加した。実験では、参加者および実験協力者に対して認知傾向を調べるテストを行い、テスト後に偽のフィードバックを与えた。フィードバックとして、パートナー間にみられる認知傾向の類似性(同じ・異なる)を操作した。その結果、パートナー間の類似性に関する情報を日本人および留学生全般に一般化する程度は、パートナーの国籍とフィードバックの類似性の組み合わせによって異なることが明らかとなった。具体的には、留学生パートナーとの間に認知傾向の違いが告げられた参加者において、その違いを日本人および留学生カテゴリーに一般化し、民族間の差異を過度に推測する傾向がみられた。同様の一般化傾向は、日本人パートナーと同じ認知傾向があると告げられた参加者にもみられた。しかし、留学生との違いを民族間の差異に一般化した前者の場合のみ、その程度が心理的本質主義信念の強さと関連していることが明らかになった。本研究により、異なる民族他者との交流で得られる些細な情報からも、民族に関するステレオタイプが形成される可能性が示唆され、それには民族カテゴリーに関する信念の個人差が影響を与えることが明らかとなった。