著者

Zhao Xiaoliang

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.51-58, 2006-12

著者

林 祐司

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.1_23-1_33, 2008 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

41

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The youth labor problem is very serious in modern Japan. This paper examines the youth employment and unemployment policy of the Japanese government during the Heisei Recession. During the Heisei Recession, the youth unemployment rate rose heavily and the presence of young people called "freeters" (people who prefer not to take regular jobs) and NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) increased. This paper's purpose is to show the characteristics of the policies during this time and to discover the frontier of employment policy. This paper uses empirical evidences from the documents of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW), the Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy, and the Strategy Council to Foster a Spirit of Independence and Challenge in Youth. First, this paper explores the implications of the Human Capability Strategy (Ningenryoku Senryaku), which the government believes empowers young people. The government, which depends on the Human Capability Strategy, executes policies to improve individual vocational views and capabilities and to dissolve mismatches in labor markets. However, this paper shows an alternative strategy to match young people and employers through various social networks. Theoretically, these two strategies are not contradictory to each other. Second, this paper uses the MHLW documents to analyze the youth employment and unemployment policies during the Heisei Recession. Three characteristic concerns on policies are revealed by this analysis: (1) Prior to fiscal year 2002, the government prepared policies to foster the vocational views of students and provide a placement service for students and "freeters." (2) Since fiscal year 2003, when the Human Capability Strategy appeared in the documents of the Japanese government, the policy to cultivate vocational views was adopted for both students and "freeters." (3) However, youth employment and unemployment policies lack in matching young people and employers through social networks. Finally, this paper insists that the frontier of the youth policy is to make use of social networks.

著者

奈良原 光隆 松井 三枝 宮崎 淳 小林 恒之 西条 寿夫

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.1-7, 2011 (Released:2011-06-30)

参考文献数

28

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between moral conscious and self conscious emotion such as shame and guilt, and to investigate the neural mechanism of moral conscious using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Healthy adult participants were investigated with NIRS as they were presented brief stories including description of deviant behavior and were asked to image what happened before and after the stories and to write down the added stories of their images. There were three conditions: self deviant condition, other deviant condition and control condition. The story in each condition consisted of content related to social deviant situation. Self evaluation score of shame and guilt in self deviant condition was significantly higher than that in other deviant condition. The results also showed that arousal of self conscious emotion brought an increase of oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal area. Especially, concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal area under self deviant condition increased more than that under other deviant condition. This result showed arousal of self conscious emotion would have been related to activation of prefrontal area. These findings suggest that it will be important to arouse self conscious emotion for production of moral conscious.

著者

沼田 潤 井上 智義 朱 虹

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.53-62, 2011 (Released:2011-12-29)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of the present study was to examine how photo-presentation could influence on the images toward foreign countries. Especially, we would like to know if it can reduce the prejudice toward those countries that had been related to emotionally negative images. Specifically, it was discussed how Japanese university students' images of negatively-imaged and positively-imaged countries (the former were North Korea and Iraq, and the latter were the United States of America and Australia which were showed by preliminary test) could be modified by providing photos that gave counter impressions, and whether the change of their impressions could last or not. The participants (n = 97) were divided into two groups altogether; a group of S (42 students) that was presented positive-image photos for negatively-imaged countries and negative-image photos for positively-imaged countries, and the other group of D (55 students) that was showed both of positive-and negative-image photos of the four countries. From the results, it was indicated that S participants changed their images of the four countries; on the other hand, it was not recognized that D participants greatly changed their images. Furthermore, according to the delayed test conducted two months later, it was pointed that the modification as to North Korea and Iraq has been partially maintained in S participants. From these findings, it can be considered that photos that counter stereotypic images of foreign countries can reduce the fixed images that university students have. In addition, it was indicated that S participants with conservative thoughts modified their stereotypic images toward North Korea and Iraq more. Hence, photo-presentation is considered an effective method to reduce prejudice toward negatively-imaged countries of conservative university students.

著者

賀茂 道子

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.109-120, 2017 (Released:2017-12-30)

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Newspapers were influenced indirectly by the Civil Information and Education Section (CIE) in GHQ, who was responsible for media policy during the occupation period in Japan. This method was not forced like censorship, but rather was an educational approach, where newspaper editors were assembled. Despite this approach being unforced and indirect, newspapers in Japan gradually changed their articles to match the ideals promoted by the CIE. Why did the CIE adopt such an approach, and why was the control of the press so effective despite the chosen methods of influence being indirect and uncoercive? To answer these questions, this paper examined press conferences and focused analysis on reports about trials of war criminals, as a perception gap between the GHQ and Japanese media existed from the beginning of the occupation on the subject of war criminals. The solution was a press conference. At this conference, it was requested that newspaper editors ask vigorous questions to the CIE. Meanwhile, the CIE did not issue direct instructions, but instead focused on explaining the occupation policy and promoting their ideal image of what a newspaper should strive for. As a result, Japanese newspapers took on the advice of the CIE, and, using American newspapers as a model, began voluntarily including human interest stories into their reporting. Likewise, the CIE was able to gain a clearer understanding of the perception held by Japanese newspaper editors and then could use this knowledge in future occupation policy. This interactive nature was the significance of this press conference.

著者

堀田 千絵 武井 祥平 川口 潤

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.1_21-1_26, 2007 (Released:2009-06-22)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3 2

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Recently, Anderson & Green (2001) showed that people could forget the specific memory, using the Think/No-Think paradigm. However, precise procedure of the Think/No-Think paradigm did not clearly reported in Anderson & Green's (2001) paper. Therefore, the aim of this article was to report that our modifying new type of Think/No-Think paradigm could lead to stable memory impairment effect. The new type of the Think/No-Think paradigm consisted of (1) Memorization; (2) Memorization assessment; (3) No-Think training; (4) Think/No-Think; (5) Cued recall testing. Main modified points involved in (1), (2), (3) and (4). More concretely, first, study stimuli were changed weak related pairs into the unrelated one to reduce the ceiling effect (1). Next, Memorization was assessed by participant's saying the correct response twice in succession with respect to each cue word so that the study of cue-target for each could become equal criterion (2). Also, in the No-Think training (3) and Think/No-Think phase (4), the way of presentation of the to-be-suppressed items and a number of Think/No-Think trials were changed. In the No-Think condition, participants were asked to learn the to-be-suppressed 10 cue words before main Think/No-Think phase, instead of judging the suppression or response trials by the red (suppress) or green (respond) colors. Additionally, they must continue performing the Think/No-Think task while judging whether the presented cue word was to-be-suppressed or to-be-responded one. Finally, a number of the Think/No-Think trials were reduced from 377 to 242 trials to minimize the fatigue effect on the performance of the Think/No-Think tasks. Further, the numbers of presentations of the suppression/response trials for each were 0, 4, and 12. Based upon the revision of the above four points, two experiments (N=48) were conducted. The results of both experiments showed that the final cued recall performance of the 12 suppression condition was worse than that of the baseline condition. Consequently, the new type of the Think/No-Think paradigm could successfully lead to stable memory impairment effect.

著者

大友 章司 竹島 久美子 広瀬 幸雄

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.123-132, 2010 (Released:2010-12-29)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 1

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We examined the effects of mood on the information processing and on the multiple functions of advertisement. The first experiment hypothesized that positive mood promoted an automatic processing of information and negative mood promoted a controlled processing of information. Moods were induced by asking about happy (positive mood) or unhappy (negative mood) event. Next, participants were presented with the statement advertisement or image advertisement. The results showed that participants in negative mood elaborated the statement advertisement and changed attitude more than participants in positive mood, whereas positive and negative participants presented with image advertisement indicated little attitude change. The second experiment hypothesized that the persuasive effects of image advertisement were depended on the interaction between mood and image relevance to merchandise. Positive or negative mood participants were presented with relevant image advertisement or irrelevant image advertisement. The results showed participants in positive mood indicated more attitude change in irrelevant image advertisement than participants in negative mood, whereas positive and negative mood participants presented with relevant image advertisement indicated little attitude change. Therefore, our results suggest that mood state does not only affect the information processing but also the persuasive effects of information.

著者

藤井 聡 矢嶋 宏光 羽鳥 剛史 岩佐 賢治

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.2_27-2_44, 2008 (Released:2009-06-03)

参考文献数

36

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We discussed that public involvement (PI) can be regarded as strengthening direct-democratic nature in current administrative processes under parliamentary democracy and discussed the merits and demerits of PI while referring to classics in political philosophy which trace back to the era of Socrates and Plato. It was discussed that PI could contribute to education of the public and improvement in the rationality of administration by absorbing various knowledge and wisdom from the public, while it always accompanies the risks of reducing the quality of administration and leading "ochlocracy" or "the tyranny of the majority." Then, we suggested three principles of PI; (1) principle of the secure of administrative rights, (2) principle of involvement the public but avoidance of the mass, (3) principle of promoting public spirits and restraining vulgarity. Finally, based on the principles, we proposed the definition of PI anew.

著者

築地 典絵 藤原 靖浩 折口 量祐

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.141-147, 2021 (Released:2021-12-29)

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Fostering self-affirmative must take place throughout school education activities, not just in specific areas of education activities. The aim of this study was to develop a cross-disciplinary training program for self-affirmative by approaching self-affirmative from the three areas of educational counseling, extracurricular activities, and moral education. Self-affirmative must be fostered throughout educational activities. Therefore, it makes sense to approach self-affirmative from these three areas. In this paper, as a preliminary step to the development of such a program, we developed a scale for measuring self-affirmative, especially the selection of question items. As a result, a total of 31 items, “self-affirmative,” “stable self/self-confidence,” and “self-determination/career,” were suggested.

著者

川杉 桂太 竹村 和久 岩滿 優美 西澤 さくら 塚本 康之 延藤 麻子 小平 明子 轟 純一 轟 慶子

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.63-71, 2020 (Released:2020-06-30)

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In this study, the fuzzy inference technique was applied for preprocessing the clinical drawings of schizophrenic patients. The interpretation procedure for the clinical drawings was divided into two phases, namely preprocessing and interpretation phases. In the preprocessing phase, two analyses were conducted by employing the fuzzy inference technique and three analyses were conducted by applying Fourier transform, wavelet transform, and singular value decomposition on three images of the tree test. In the interpretation phase, the drawings and output images were psychologically interpreted. The contrast of each image was also examined for determining the feature associated with the corresponding output image of the fuzzy inference technique. Based on the compared interpretations and contrasts, it can be concluded that image analysis incorporating the fuzzy inference technique is superior as a preprocessing method employed before interpreting whole image. Further research is required for examining the relation between the empirical findings regarding schizophrenic patients and the parameter of the fuzzy inference technique.

著者

羽鳥 剛史 渡邉 望 藤井 聡 竹村 和久

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.99-107, 2012 (Released:2013-01-11)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

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This study examined the relationship between Hegel's concept of "alienation" from a community and Ortega's concept of the "masses" in order to explore the empirical implication of the former concept in our society. According to philosophical discussion, it is supposed that Hegel's concept of "alienation" has a positive relationship with Ortega's concept of "Masses." This hypothesis was tested in the survey with a questionnaire (n = 400), by examining the relationship between the alienation scale and the vulgarity scale which were developed based on Hegel's theory of alienation and Ortega's theory of the masses, respectively. The obtained data showed that the sense of alienation from four communities (family, region, organization, and state) was positively related with the autistic factor which constituted the vulgarity scale. The result implied that the two concepts are associated with each other. It also provided the evidence of validity of the alienation scale. Finally, implications of the present result were discussed.

著者

田中 里奈 竹橋 洋毅

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.139-146, 2019 (Released:2020-01-10)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Although it is important to prepare for earthquakes to live in Japan where earthquakes happen more frequently than any other countries, many Japanese do not prepare against earthquakes in everyday life. Previous studies have revealed that the main effects of cognitive factors that determinate the precautionary behavior toward earthquake; the perceived severity of a threatening event, the perceived probability of the occurrence, the efficacy of the preventive behavior, the perceived self-efficacy, and perceived cost to response. However there are no studies that examine the mediating factors of them. Guided by theories of motivation (e.g., Higgins, 1997), we show that the responsibility drives the effects of cognitive factors to precautionary behavior toward earthquakes as a mediating factor. We test this hypothesis in 2 questionnaire-based surveys. In study 1, a questionnaire-based survey to residents (N = 101) living around Kansai area was administered, and in study 2 we confirmed the duplicability of results of study 1 by a secondary analysis of national census (N = 1,839), randomly sampled from a wide range of age group of population cost. Though the perceived cost had impact on precautious behavior negatively, the perceived responsibility mediated the negative effect of the perceived. Discussion considers a possibility that a perceived responsibility mediates effects of cognitive factors on prepared behavior toward earthquakes.

著者

金 貞花 シュマッカー ヤンディャク 藤井 聡

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.71-77, 2012

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スペインの哲学者オルテガ(1883~1955)の著書「大衆の反逆」(1930)に基づいて、社会ジレンマの問題は「傲慢性」の因子という心理的傾向性に影響がある可能性が指摘されている。本研究では、交通需要マネジメント施策の賛同と共感意識形成問題を社会的ジレンマ中の一つと見なし、『傲慢性』が「交通施策に対する賛同と共感意識形成」と負の関係があるという仮説に基づき進める。さらに、政府に対する信頼、環境問題に対する認知、公共交通や自転車、徒歩などの環境にやさしい交通手段に対する意識といった心理的要因も施策への賛同と共感意識の形成に影響する要素と考えている。本研究では、まず、アンケート調査を通じて上に述べた心理的要因に関するデータを収集してTDM施策に、主に環境税に対する受容可能性に対し影響を及ぼすという仮説を設定し、検証する。

著者

藤井 聡 柴山 桂太 中野 剛志

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.85-90, 2012

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, a theoretical hypothesis that public works would have deterrence effects of deflation under the situation that deflation-gap exists was tested empirically. For testing this hypothesis empirically, we used macro-economics data in Japan since 1991 when the huge deflation-gap was brought by the collapse of the babble economy. As a result, we found that 1,000 billions yen's public works increases the GDP deflator by 0.2-0.8 % and increases nominal GDP by about 2,430 billions yen - 4,550 billions yen. This results support the hypothesis that public works would have deterrence effects of deflation under the situation that deflation-gap exists. It was also found that the deflation deterrence effects by the public works was larger than that by the in-crease export.

著者

阪口 公彬 川北 貴士 鈴木 千賀

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.93-96, 2018 (Released:2018-12-21)

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本研究では、ベック津田β法、汚濁指数法を用いて、長野県飯田市阿智村に流れる阿智川・周辺の水辺を拠点とし、計測方法・考察を例に、地域マネジメントに寄与するべく水質調査の学習例案を提案したものである。実験は、阿智川その他3地点を拠点にし、同時期・時間・採集方法における水生生物を指数に用い、それぞれの計測指数に当てはめることで数値を測定した。調査では、調査地において6月に生育している水生生物を主な判断材料とし、ピンセットで捕獲できる大きさの個体のみを使用した。その結果、砂防ダム前を拠点とした川で2種の判定方法共に、水質は貧腐水性の数値が計測できた。ダム前という事で酸素の供給が絶えず行われており、林冠も見られ有機物の供給も豊富であると判断できた。また、底質環境からも多様性を高めている大きな要因と判断でき、水質階級Ⅰのカワゲラであるキカワゲラほか多数採集することができた。さらには、今回のこの調査結果をもとに、阿智川周辺の生物を基調とした水質判断シートを作成し、昼神温泉郷の旅客に配布することで人々が生物に興味を持つ機会を提供した。環境学習としての川・水質の保全への関心を高めるというその学習目的を地域環境マネジメントにも活用することが出来た。

著者

堀内 孝

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.137-143, 2016 (Released:2017-01-06)

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In this study, I investigated the effect of the recall time of autobiographical memory on conscious and automatic memory processes. Two-second and six-second recall time conditions were used as experimental variables in two different experiments. The contribution degree of conscious and automatic memory processing in relation to the recall time of autobiographical memory were calculated using the Independence/Remember-Know procedure (Jacoby, 1998; Jacoby & Hay, 1998). For conscious memory processing, the results of both experiments showed that the six-second recall time condition exceeded the two-second recall condition. In contrast, for automatic memory processing, both experiments showed no significant difference between the two-second recall time condition and the six-second recall time condition. These results show that, although the recall of automatic memory processing functions well at two seconds, the recall of conscious memory processing was still increasing at six seconds. The observed differences between conscious memory processing and automatic memory processing confirm the validity of the separation of conscious and automatic memory processing in relation to the recall of autobiographical memory.

著者

羽鳥 剛史 中野 剛志 藤井 聡

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.163-168, 2010 (Released:2010-12-29)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

4

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The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between nationalism and civil society. The present hypothesis, which was developed from the theory of civil society, especially Hegel's thought, supposes a mutually dependent relationship between nationalism and civil society: the stronger (weaker) nationalism, the stronger (weaker) civil society and vice versa. On the other hand, its competitive hypothesis supposes a mutually substitute relationship: the stronger (weaker) nationalism, the weaker (stronger) civil society and vice versa. These hypotheses were tested in a survey, in which participants (n = 400) were asked to respond to measurements for a sense of alienation from four communities (family, organization, region, and state). All the items for the measurements were developed based on Hegel's descriptions about alienation from communities. The obtained data showed that the sense of alienation from each community was positively related with each other. This result gave supports to the interdependent relationship hypothesis. The implication of the result was discussed.

著者

八田 純子 八田 武俊 田村 達

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.137-142, 2020 (Released:2020-12-25)

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The present study examined possible influences of perfectionism and narcissism on anger rumination. Ninety-five undergraduates completed the Japanese version of Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognition Inventory (MPCI), and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-Short Version (NPI-S). Multiple regression analysis revealed that “concern over mistake” subscale of the MPCI, “need for attention and praise” and “a sense of superiority and competence” subscale of the NPI-S were predictors of anger rumination. The results showed that “a sense of superiority and competence” was a negative predictor of anger rumination as Hatta et al. (2018) has proposed. The effects of perfectionism and narcissism on anger rumination might be restrictive, so further investigation should be needed.

著者

堀田 千絵 十一 元三

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.17-23, 2014 (Released:2014-07-23)

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It is well-known about the abnormalities of the abilities to remember and preserve information in the individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Many previous studies have focused on the difference by a final memory performance between individuals with ASD and Typical Development (TD). Then, the aim of this study was to examine the learning process until learning in the individuals with ASD, compared to TD. The participants of ASD and TD groups studied all 24 words pairs. Each word pair was tested until they could reach a criterion, two consecutive testing sessions. Learning processes were examined with four measures of (1) the total number of trials and (2) the number of trials for each pair until two consecutive correct responses, (3) the performance of two consecutive correct responses during study trials and (4) the response time for each word during study trials. Finally, at 30 minute later. they were asked to recall each corresponding word for 8 cues randomly selected from 24 pairs. The results showed that the number of trials until learning (the measurement of (1) and (2)) in ASD group were much than that in TD, whereas, in ASD group, the performance of two consecutive correct responses during studying trials (the measurement of (3)) and final performance after 30 minutes on corresponding words to 8 cues was prominently less than that in TD group. These results are discussed in terms of the memory dysfunction related to adaptation in ASD.

著者

高岡 要子 城 仁士

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.1_67-1_72, 2008 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

16

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This interview surveys on "Subjective age" of dankai-generation were done to improve the quality of their welfare services, and the subjective age formation in an individual living environment was considered. The transition patterns of the subjective age were graphed case by case, and classified into seven types in total. From talking about their life history, the subjective age formation resulted from "change in the living environment" such as significant change in their life events and relationships. Through all interview results, "Temporal Landmark" theory by Shum (1998) was used to specify the regulated factors which caused "Self-youth" phenomenon that the subjective age was younger than the calendar age, and to examine how these factors influenced the subjective age formation. In addition, a self-youth mechanism was derived that the dankai- generation was youthful and energetic forever as if a lot of experiences of latter middle-aged people were activated as a landmark, and as if self-youth by landmark formation of the dankai-generation was caught affirmatively. Such a youthful dankai-generation was viewed as "Active senior" with discussion about a self youth mechanism, and a desirable transition model of subjective age to have time by youthful feelings as much as possible was presented at the end.