著者

浅見 祐香 野村 和孝 嶋田 洋徳 大石 裕代 大石 雅之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.19053, (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2

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The present study aimed to clarify the cognitive and behavioral features of the process from the onset of stealing to the development of kleptomania. We also analyzed the differences between kleptomania and shoplifting for personal gain. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants (15 patients with kleptomania, 4 shoplifters, and 6 with other addictions). An analysis based on a modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA) revealed 24 concepts and 5 categories. We identified four stages of the process of kleptomania. The stages were “first theft,” “increasing frequency of stealing,” “pathological stealing” where the act of stealing was more beneficial than the stolen goods, followed by “automatic stealing” whenever they steal automatically in their favorite stores. We identified “breaking dependence on stealing” as the fifth category. In contrast, shoplifters for personal gain did not move into “pathological stealing.” Thus, it is assumed that the development of kleptomania involves a series of processes from starting to steal to addiction, then, it is assumed to enter a dependent stage from the stage of “pathological stealing.”

著者

小野寺 敦子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.5, pp.289-295, 1984-12-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3

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This study aims to examine the attractiveness of father to his late-adolescent daughter. In the study Ia, the structure of the attractive father was investigated by means of the factor analysis, and three different factors were found. Each factor was considered to be associated respectively as follows; F1: humanistic attractiveness, F2: attractiveness as a male, and F3: affiliation between father and mother. In the study Ib, the contents of the father-daughter contact in everyday life was investigated and other three factors were found: F1-father who talks on the society, F2-father who acts as a parent, and F3-father's openness as a male. In the study II, later elements which heightened the attractiveness of father were examined. As a result, the most important element for heightening the attractiveness of father was revealed to be the good relationship between father and mother. The second element was revealed the high degree of attractiveness as a male. The third element was the high degree of everyday contact between father and daughter. It was also predicted that for the father-daughter relation, mother was taking a significant role as a indirect medium.

著者

岩原 信九郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.44-46, 1955 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

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Psychological scales are either nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio. As no direct measurement of the psychological (intervening) variables is possible, overt behavioral variables must first be measured. The latter are based on physical scales, which may be called phenotypic or peripheral scales as contrasted with indirect, genotypic scales of psychological variables.Thus, relationships between the two types of scales should be made clear in any psychological measurement. Many people believe that transformation of variables for homogeneity of variance, for instance, is done purely from statistical expediency. This, however, does not seem to be correct on the basis of the fact that we are always dealing with psychological or genotypic scales and not numbers per se. Transformation of scores is only legitimate if it improves the meaning of the psychological variables.Traditional statistical tests may be used for psychological scales provided that they are additive or they have equal units. Non-parametric tests, on the other hand, are most appropriate to ordinal scales. Attention is called, however, to the fact that some nonparametric methods assume additivity of the scale and that, therefore, they should not be used for the ordinal scale.Three uses of nonparametric statistics may be mentioned. First, the methods may be applied to ordinal and nominal scales. Second, they can be used for interval or ratio scales in place of traditional statistical methods because nonparametric tests do not have such assumptions as normal distribution, homogeneity of variance and the like. Third, nonparametric methods are superior to traditional methods in the simplicity of computation for small samples.

著者

森川 弥寿雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.156-171, 1955 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

4 3

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This paper is the first report on the Paired-associated learning process which are investigated by the method of forward-backward recall gradient (FB-RclG). This term is defined operationally as difference between forward recalls (S→R) and backward recalls (R→S). after paired associated learning. The present study intends to examine some variables of FB-RclG.Exper. I. FB-RclG as a function of paired materials.Materials are three in kind. Difficult materials, “N” (two letters, non-sense syllables with about 20% association values). Medium materials, “M” (two letters, meaningful words). Easy materials, “L” (one letter of Alphabet). Conditions of presentation are (1) N-N (S-diff., R-med.), (2) M-M (both med.), (3) L-M (S-easy, R-med.), (4) M-N (S-med., R-diff.), and (5) M-L (S-med., R-easy). Methods : The anticipation method is used. Forward and backward recall tests are performed at about 30 sec. after one perfect trial. Results show that the difference between cond. 1 and 3 is smaller than that between 4 and 5, as regard to number of trials. This fact supports Umemoto's finding-the difficulties of paired associated learning are determined largely by R factor rather than S factor (18). FB-RclG of cond. 1 is greater than that of 4, as well as 5greater than 3. When S is more difficult than R, FB-RclG is greater than when S easier than R. It is confirmed that FB-RclG is a function of materials in pairs.Exper. II FB-RclG as both function of degree of learning and interpolated recall effects.Materials are N-M, 9 pairs in a list. Methods are the same as Exper. I, except that recall tests are interpolated immediately after 1 presentation and after criteria of 3/9, 6/9, 1 perfect, and 3 and 5 successive perfect learning. Results show that FB-RclG increases gradually in early stage, and reaches its maximum in middle stage and then decreases (Fig. 1). The interpolated recall test during learning makes the amount of backward recalls increasing (but not statistically significant), while its effects to forward recalls are negligible.Exper. III FB-RclG as a function of difficulty of learning.Conditions are 3, 5, 7, and 9 pairs of N-N in one list. Except recall criteria, other conditions are the same as Exper. I, Recall tests are performed 3 times after about 1/2, 1 perfect, and 3 successive perfect learning for each list. Results show that EB-RclG increases as the length of list increases, when lists are overlearned.Exper. IVa, IVb FB-RcLG as a function of pair presentation methods.Methods : In stead of anticipation method, simultaneous pair presentation method is used. And after each trial, forward and backward recalls are tested. (Fig. 3). Results show that even under the situation which differs from anticipation learning (S-recognition and R-recall), the existence of FB-RclG is found (Fig. 4, 5). The Vincent curves show that FB-RclG is not unique phenomenon characteristic of anticipation method.Exper. Va, Vb Purpose is the same as Exper. IVa, IVb.Learning method is simultaneous pair presentation, Recall tests are interpolated not after each trial, but after 6, 12, and 18 presentations. Each list contains 3 kinds of presentation set, i.e. N-M, M-N, and N_??_M (alternative presentation). Results are consistent with the writer's previous experiments (Fig. 6). These facts suggest that the first member of pair may be called S, and the second R.ConclusionThe differences in FB-RclG may be explained by the following three hypotheses :a) R is emphasized by the mode of anticipation method, in which S is only discriminative and R acquisitive.b) Based on the facts of Exper. IVa-Vb, one may assume a temporal (porality) factor in learning of paired association.

著者

大黒 静治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.44-54, 1961 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

98

被引用文献数

1

著者

趙 善英 松本 芳之 木村 裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.313-320, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

5 2

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This study examined the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between public self-consciousness and social anxiety, and on the relationship between public self-consciousness and exhibitionism in Japan and South Korea. The participants were 213 university students in Japan and 234 university students in Korea. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that self-esteem was a moderator of the relationship between public self-consciousness and social anxiety and of the relationship between public self-consciousness and exhibitionism in Korea, but not in Japan. In Korea, public self-consciousness was related to social anxiety for people with low self-esteem, while for people with high self-esteem, public self-consciousness was related to exhibitionism.

著者

竹ヶ原 靖子 安保 英勇

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.72-78, 2017 (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 1

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The present study examined effects of predictions made by a help-seeker about the emotions and costs of a helper on help-seeking behavior. We surveyed undergraduate and graduate students who completed a questionnaire and scenario task. The scenario presented that a person would face the trouble. The questionnaire presented a case where a person was troubled. Respondents were required to answer the following questions: (a) whether they would seek help; (b) whether the helper would respond to help-seeking; (c) the helper’s costs; (d) the negative moods of the helper. Covariance structure analysis of 189 participant responses revealed that help-seeker predictions about the helper’s emotions and costs were used to predict the intentions of the helper, which affected the intentions to seek help. We discuss these results with respect to interpersonal cognition in intimate relationships.

著者

古賀 行義

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.5, pp.953-977, 1934

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(I) The term attitude has been used in various different meanings, but here I take it provisionally as the sum-total that a man feels, thinks and want to do. And from the statistical point of view, I dealt with opinions as it seems to be the verbal expression of attitude. What we measure out from these opinions will have something to do with attitudes, though we know a man's opinion may in some special situations be distorted from his attitude. As attitude is so complex a thing as it can never be measured with a single index, we must remember that what we do is only an aspect of it and therefore an abstraction. This measurment of attitudes towards sport will consist a part of the study of social attitudes, in youth, which I project to complete in future. As for the method of measurement I owed much to the honourab e work of L. L. Thurstone.<BR>(II) Having prepared 75 opinions which may or may not be justitled in accordance with attitudes towards sport, I laid them out to about 40 college students and asked to classify into 11 piles by their own merit for sport, and thus I selected 20 opinions by equal-appearing intervals on the scale. On the other hand, I showed these 20 opinions to 353 midd'e-school students and demanded them to pick up those opinions which they agree according to their own attitude. In this sort of case it is quite rare that those who strongly approve sport may pick up the opposite opinions, and in case there are two opinions which are for sport, it is reasonable to assume that those who endose one will also pick up the other. Anyhow all opinions have their unique reiabi ity. So we put the opinions to the same students again after two months to decide reiabiity coefficients. By these means we come at last to the following 5 statistical facts:&hellip;&hellip;(1) n<SUB>1</SUB>&hellip;&hellip;total unmber of individuals who endosed opinion no.1, (2) n<SUB>2</SUB> &hellip;&hellip; total number of individuals who endosed opinion no.2, (3) n<SUB>12</SUB>&hellip;&hellip;total number of individuals who endesed both opinions, (4) &rho;<SUB>1</SUB>&hellip;reliability of opinion no.1, (5) &rho;<SUB>2</SUB> &hellip;&hellip;reliability of opinion no.2. The simi-arity of all pairs of opinions were calculated by Thurstone's formula:&phi;= n<SUB>12</SUB>/(&rho;<SUB>1</SUB> &rho;<SUB>2</SUB> n<SUB>1</SUB> n<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUP>1/2</SUP> If we assume similarity coefficient corresponds to ordivate of normal distribution curve, we can find the deviation from mean for all &phi; in terms of standard deviation. Then we get the average of scale-separations between all pairs of opinions.<BR>(III) According to the order of opinions which we got from the college students, here we arrange the scale value of each opinion, giving zero to the least favourab e one.<BR>75) Sport makes man multilated 0.000<BR>68) Sport makes reckless man 0.108<BR>30) Sport compels man unnatural exercise 0.555<BR>65) Sport serves as means of money-making or advertisement 0.705<BR>58) Sport cost much money 0.819<BR>42) Sport demands much skill and time 1.173<BR>50) Sport is necessary for city-dwellers 1.288<BR>54) Sport makes man exciting 1.333<BR>43) Sport is good as it is manly 1.358<BR>12) Spott makes a man's movement alertl 1.404<BR>15) Sport makes a man's uw ll adamant 1.453<BR>5) Sport cultivates upright character 1.686<BR>From this list 8 opinions were automatically excluded, as, even if they were dealt with, it is difficult to put them along others. For example, &lsquo;Sport restrains champions&rsquo; will not noly be enclosed by both sides, but has as small reliability as &lsquo;Sport prevents healthy development of mind and body&rsquo;<BR>Nevt, by the preceeding sca'e valne we marked the opinions endosed by 1614 middle and higher clioo students, and averaging them to survey the state of distribution we found they are fairly skewed towards the approval-side.

著者

田谷 修一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第78回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2EV-1-083, 2014-09-10 (Released:2021-03-30)

著者

深見 武彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第79回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1PM-057, 2015-09-22 (Released:2020-03-27)

著者

渡辺 匠 櫻井 良祐 唐沢 かおり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, pp.1EV-1-027-1EV-1-027, 2014

著者

青木 孝悦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.125-136, 1972-08-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

4 3

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In the previous study (Aoki, 1971a) 455 personality trait words were selected and classified into 17 categories on the basis of their meanings. In the present study, in addition to the 455 trait words, 125 new trait words were added, and therefore, a total of 580 trait words were reclassified into 11 categories for the purpose of factor analysis.Subjects (Ss) were 107 male adults, aged 35 to 45. Each S was given two categories, each containing 49 to 63 words. Instructions given to the Ss were like the following: “The purpose of this study is to find out what words people commonly use to describe a characteristic of person. You will be given a list of words. Your task is to judge mutual similarities of meanings among these words and to select from the same list similar words for each word as many as you can. For example, when you were given the word “kind”, you might respond with such words as generous, friendly, tender, sympathetic, warm-hearted, and so on. The words are to be written to the right of the given word. This procedure will be continued through all the words in each category.All legible responses made by each S were tallied separately for each of the 11 categories. This procedure permitted an assessment of relative frequency of responses to the various words within each category. For each category the responses in terms of relative frequency were factor analysed by the principal axis method with geometric rotation (Kashiwagi, 1965). Four to six factors were extracted for each category, bringing the total to 57.From these results a set of 236 trait words was assembled. The set consisted of 57 trait words which had the highest loading for each obtained factor, plus 179 which did not fall into either obtained factor, having lower loadings than .15. In order to construct personality aspects from this set, the words were paired as many as possible in such a way that each word would have an antonym. 63 paired personality aspects were tentatively constructed and compared with Cattell's 42 spheres (1957) and Miyagi's 35 scales (1969). On the basis of this comparison, 66 personality aspects were finally determined.

著者

杉山 宙

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第79回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3PM-117, 2015-09-22 (Released:2020-03-27)

著者

三村 千春

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第82回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1AM-028, 2018-09-25 (Released:2019-07-19)

著者

矢野 さやか

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第81回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3A-005, 2017-09-20 (Released:2020-03-27)

著者

小野寺 哲夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第81回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2B-098, 2017-09-20 (Released:2020-03-27)

著者

中川 佳子 小山 高正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第82回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3PM-029, 2018-09-25 (Released:2019-07-19)

著者

柘植 道子 坂本 佑馬

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, pp.TWS-012-TWS-012, 2019

著者

村上 幸史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第83回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1B-009, 2019-09-11 (Released:2020-09-26)

著者

島根 大輔 松井 大 伊東 裕司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第82回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2PM-075, 2018-09-25 (Released:2019-07-19)