著者

後藤 崇志 川口 秀樹 野々宮 英二 市村 賢士郎 楠見 孝 子安 増生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.197-202, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

7 5

---

We investigated the reciprocal influences between autonomous motivation and the use of motivational regulation strategies. We analyzed the data of longitudinal surveys of junior high school and high school students (N = 745) at three time points. First, we conducted a principal component analysis to identify the quantitative (frequency of use) and qualitative components (extrinsic component) of the motivational regulation strategies. Next, we employed a cross-lagged model to analyze the causal relationships between the autonomous motivation and the two components of the motivational regulation strategies. The results revealed that autonomous motivation negatively predicted the subsequent extrinsic component of the motivational regulation strategies. In addition, the extrinsic component of the motivational regulation strategies negatively predicted subsequent autonomous motivation. These findings suggest that there will be some procyclical dynamics between academic motivation and the use of motivational regulation strategies.

著者

神 信人 田中 寿夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.2, pp.123-130, 2009 (Released:2012-03-06)

参考文献数

19

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When does a person who has been trusted reciprocate that trust? Kiyonari, Yamagishi, Cook, and Cheshire (2006) compared behavior in trust games and faith games and showed that in one-shot games, players who were trusted did not reciprocate that trust. In an experiment using trust games and dictator games, we examined what type of trust would elicit reciprocation of that trust by the trustee. In the experiment, information about the reason to trust the truster was manipulated to separate trust types into “trust attributable to the trustee” and “trust attributable to the truster.” We determined how much reciprocation was elicited by each of these types of trust. The results showed that trustees are more likely to reciprocate trust for “trust attributable to the trustee” than for “trust attributable to the truster.”

著者

植村 友里 松本 良恵 神 信人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.111-120, 2014 (Released:2014-06-25)

参考文献数

26

---

Why do people behave altruistically toward others, even in situations where nobody would observe their behavior? We formulated the following hypothesis regarding this question: “Reputations are decided by behaviors in situations that nobody can observe, rather than by behaviors in situations that can be observed by others.” The validity of this hypothesis was examined through a Prisoner’s Dilemma experiment. In the first stage, participants played the Prisoner’s Dilemma game in a situation where nobody could observe them. In the second stage, participants selected another partner in the game, based on information about their behavior in the first stage. The results indicated that participants tended to choose people that behaved altruistically in situations where nobody could observe them. Furthermore, this tendency was stronger with cooperative participants. These results support the hypothesis of this study.

著者

中村 太戯留

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.1-8, 2009 (Released:2012-02-14)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3 2

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This study investigates the mechanism for determining “interestingness” in comprehending metaphorical expressions. In a pilot study, metaphorical expressions were collected from 56 participants. In Study 1, 17 participants were asked to classify these expressions into groups, which were categorized with respect to eight features (e.g., “not understandable”, “mundane”, and “strongly interesting”). In Study 2, 50 participants were asked to judge whether an expression was interesting or not, and the reaction time for their judgment was measured. The results showed that it took longer to judge interesting expressions than to judge non-interesting expressions. The difference in reaction times was interpreted as representing the cognitive process of discerning the meaning of an expression so that it was accessible and comprehensible. In other words, “interestingness” results from successfully resolving the meaning of an expression which was not immediately understandable, which involves some cognitive cost and reduces the stress of not understanding.

著者

田崎 敏昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.165-168, 1982-08-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between power status and power resources in classroom. Two kinds of tests were given to 549 subjects chosen from 15 classes of four elementary schools. One was the near-sociometric test, the aim of which was to measure power status in the classroom. The other was to examine power resources possessed by pupils who were selected on the sociometric test. The main results were: a) Subjects attributed “affiliation” and “cheerfulness” to the power holders in the classroom and b) subjects attributed “leadership, ” “superiority” and “achievement” to chilidren of higher power status in addition to “affiliation” and “cheerfulness.”

著者

西村 多久磨 古村 健太郎 鈴木 雅之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.500-506, 2018 (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

This study focuses on perceived functions of studying for the high school entrance examination and investigates the effect of these functions on individual differences in academic performance and depressive mood. In the prestudy, 325 potential items concerning the functions were obtained from 93 students (35 boys, 58 girls) in the 9th grade during the high school examination period. In the primary study, 311 students (163 boys, 148 girls) in the 9th grade participated in the questionnaire survey. The result of factor analysis revealed five potential functions: improving academic behaviors, enhancing a sense of competitiveness, analyzing one’s level of understanding, considering a career goal, and enhancing a sense of time constraint. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the function of the analyzing one’s level of understanding and enhancing a sense of competitiveness were positively correlated, and the considering a career goal was negatively correlated with academic performance. The results also showed that the enhancing a sense of time constraint was positively correlated and the improving academic behaviors were negatively correlated with depressive mood.

著者

山本 哲也 吉本 潤一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第82回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3EV-009, 2018-09-25 (Released:2019-07-19)

著者

中村 航洋 渡邊 克巳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第82回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3PM-064, 2018-09-25 (Released:2019-07-19)

著者

梅本 貴豊 伊藤 崇達 田中 健史朗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.4, pp.334-342, 2016 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

14 16

---

This study examined relationships among regulation strategies, emotional and behavioral engagement, and academic achievement. Regulation strategies included metacognitive and motivational regulation strategies. Motivational regulation strategies have three subtypes: autonomous regulation strategies, cooperative strategies, and performance strategies. A self-reported survey was administered to 199 undergraduates from four universities, and an examination was conducted three months after the survey. Path analysis showed that use of metacognitive strategies was positively correlated with test scores, mainly through behavioral engagement. Moreover, use of autonomous regulation strategies was positively correlated with emotional engagement. Emotional engagement was positively correlated with test scores via behavioral engagement. On the other hand, use of performance strategies was negatively correlated with emotional engagement. Use of cooperative strategies was not correlated with engagement. These results indicate that each regulation strategy has a different function in learning, and that engagement mediates the relationships between various regulation strategies and academic achievement.

著者

村中 昌紀 山川 樹 坂本 真士

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15211, (Released:2017-01-14)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

4 9

---

We developed the Interpersonal Sensitivity/Privileged Self Scale (IPS) to measure personality traits related to “modern-type depression,” and assessed its validity and reliability through three surveys completed by 804 undergraduates. Factors for validity were examined by confirmatory factor analysis. As predicted, the scale comprised two superordinate factors: interpersonal sensitivity (IS) and privileged self (PS). Criterion-related validity for the IPS scale was assessed by examining its relationship with depressive symptoms and typus melancholicus, and by comparing subscale scores regarding depression types (i.e., melancholic, atypical). All subscale scores were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. Correlations between typus melancholicus and subscales showed that the interpersonal sensitivity subscale was positively correlated with typus melancholicus, while the privileged self subscale was not correlated. An analysis of variance revealed that the “self-righteousness” score was significantly higher for the atypical depression group compared to the melancholic depression group. The test-retest correlation indicated good test-retest reliability for all subscales. Overall, the findings indicated that the IPS has high validity and reliability.

著者

神 信人 山岸 俊男 清成 透子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.77-85, 1996-06-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

14 17

---

Two experiments examined the effect of illusion of control on ingroup favoritism found in the minimal group situation (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971). In bilateral dependency condition, each member made allocation decisions for ingroup as well as outgroup participants. It was exactly the same situation used in the original studies under the minimal group paradigm, and the subjects knew that their reward allocation too depended on others' decisions. In contrast, in unilateral dependency condition, the subjects made allocation decisions knowing that theirs were not dependent on others' decisions. In Experiment 1, an ingroup bias in reward distribution was found in the bilateral dependency condition, but not in the unilateral condition. In Experiment 2, it was found that only those who felt illusion of control exhibited such an ingroup bias. Results of the experiments therefore confirmed that illusion of control explained ingroup favoritism, as Karp, Jin, Yamagishi, and Shinotsuka (1993) originally hypothesized.

著者

小川 時洋 松田 いづみ 常岡 充子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18315, (Released:2019-07-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

---

Few studies have examined serial physiological variations during the concealed information test (CIT). This study analyzed both pre- and post-stimulus physiological measures from a CIT experiment under knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions. The physiological measures assessed in both the pre- and post- stimulus phases included skin conductance level (SCL), normalized pulse volume (NPV), and heart rate (HR). Moreover, skin conductance response (SCR) was assessed in the post-stimulus phase. The results showed that the post-stimulus SCL and SCR and post-stimulus NPV in the knowledgeable condition differed not only between the relevant and irrelevant CIT items but also between the irrelevant items that were presented before and after the relevant items. In both knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions, physiological activities and reactivity were higher at early positions than at late ones. However, in the knowledgeable conditions, serial positions of the relevant items modulated this tendency, such that physiological activities were maintained until the relevant item was presented and then declined afterwards. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

著者

榎本 博明 清水 弘司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.114-117, 1992-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 1

---

This study examined the relationship between self-disclosure and loneliness. The self-disclosure questionnaire (ESDQ) and the loneliness scale (LSO, consists of two subscales, U-scale and E-scale) were administered to 114 female subjects (junior college students). Results show that self-disclosure scores were negatively related to the U-scale of loneliness (whether or not they believe in mutual sympathy among human beings), but not to the E-scale of loneliness (whether or not they are conscious of individuality of each individual). The results suggest that we have to specify the quality of loneliness in question, when we examine the relationship between self-disclosure and loneliness.

著者

工藤 孝幾

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.103-111, 1994-06-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

Shea and Kohl (1990) reported that acquisition practice with variations of the criterion task leads to better retention than practice on the criterion task alone. The purpose of this study was to determine the locus of this retention benefits. Experimental task was the speed reproduction task. Eighty undergraduate male students were randomly assigned to eight practice conditions differing in the activities performed during the intertrial intervals. All subjects were administered retention test immediately and twenty-four hours after the practice. Results indicated that the retention benefits demonstrated by subjects provided variable practice was produced by the contextual interference effect not by the formation of motor response schema. Results also suggested that both of reconstruction of action plan and elaborative processing resulted in the retention benefits.

著者

久保 尊洋 沢宮 容子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17205, (Released:2018-09-20)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3

---

Passion is defined as a strong inclination toward an activity that one likes, that one finds important, and in which one invests time and energy. These activities are eventually internalized as part of one’s identity. The Dualistic Model of Passion posits the existence of two types of passion - harmonious and obsessive passion (Vallerand et al., 2003; Vallerand, 2015). These two types of passion have been assessed through the Passion Scale (Marsh et al., 2013). The purpose of the present study was to develop a Japanese version of the Passion Scale and to evaluate its reliability and validity. In Study 1, Japanese university students completed a questionnaire that examined the relationship between the Passion Scale and measures of flow, concentration, anxiety, shame, depression, wellbeing and positive and negative affect. In Study 2, we examined the test-retest reliability. The results provided support for the two-factor structure of the Japanese Passion Scale and showed high reliability and validity. Overall, this evidence supports the practical applicability of the Japanese Passion Scale.

著者

荒井 崇史 菱木 智愛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18014, (Released:2019-06-20)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

Despite having positive attitudes about crime prevention behaviors, many people do not engage in actions to prevent crime. In this study, therefore, we tried to explain the gap between attitudes and behaviors from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In Study 1, female undergraduate and graduate students (N = 302) answered a questionnaire containing TPB variables (attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy, and perceived control). In Study 2, a web-based survey constructed from TPB variables was conducted with mothers (N = 725) that had children aged 7–12 years. Results of the structural equation modeling indicated that the fitness of model to the data was good in both studies. In Study 1, subjective norm and self-efficacy facilitated behavioral intention, which in turn led to personal crime prevention behavior. In Study 2, attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy, and perceived control facilitated behavioral intention, which resulted in cooperative crime prevention. These findings suggest that in order to encourage crime prevention behavior, we should take into account not only attitudes but also subjective norms and self-efficacy.

著者

松林 翔太 三輪 和久 寺井 仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18018, (Released:2019-06-20)

参考文献数

23

---

We often encounter various anomalous behaviors of systems, such as machine failures, unexpected behaviors of intelligent agents, and irregular natural phenomena. In order to predict these anomalous behaviors, it is a useful strategy to infer the causal structure of target domains (the inference-based strategy). However, we assume another strategy, the memory-based strategy, to memorize the anomalous behaviors for the predictions. In the present study, we analyzed the features and benefits of the memory-based strategy using the spatial movement prediction task. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that participants who were instructed to apply the memory-based strategy encoded only the anomalous instances, and not the regular instances. Additionally, the inference-based strategy was more effective for identifying the anomalous instances in a low-complexity task, whereas the memory-based strategy was more effective in a high-complexity task. Experiment 3 revealed that it was difficult to spontaneously select an appropriate strategy based on task complexity and to make benefits of the memory-based strategy for a high-complexity task even if the strategy was applied.

著者

外山 美樹 桜井 茂男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.329-335, 2001-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 9 2

---

The purpose of this study was to examine positive illusion phenomena among Japanese students. In Study 1, students were asked to rate themselves and the average same-sex student of their university or vocational school, in terms of their personality, optimism about the future, and belief in personal control. Results indicated that participants showed positive illusions in their ratings of agreeableness, conscientiousness, optimism for negative future events, and personal control. However, negative illusions were found in their ratings of extraversion, openness to experience, and appearance. In Study 2, participants were asked to compare themselves with the average same-sex student of their university or vocational school. Results were similar to those of Study 1. Cultural factors appeared to be responsible for those positive and negative illusions.

著者

坂元 章

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.392-399, 1991-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

---

Previous studies using Bieri's ‘cognitive complexity’ score had supported ‘vigilance hypothesis’ which assumed that impressions of unfavorable persons were more complex than favorable persons. Thus, Bieri's measure seemed to be invalid because the findings were completely contrary to ‘frequency of interaction hypothesis’, presented in the theoretical framework of ‘cognitive complexity’, which assumed that impressions of familiar persons were more complex than unfamiliar persons, since people could be supposed to have more intimate acquaintance with favorable persons. The purpose of present study was to indicate the invalidity was caused by the research design where familiarity was dependent on favorability and to show that even Bieri's score could support ‘interaction hypothesis’, if one variables could be statistically orthogonized to the other. In each of two surveys reported, about two hundred female undergraduates completed a Rep test where they rated favorable and unfavorable persons on the basis of some dimensions which included favorability and familiarity. The results obtained through various regression analyses supported the above predictions. Moreover, it was revealed that, with favorability controlled, Bieri's score showed almost linear increases as familiarity increased, though the score of extremely unfamiliar persons was rather higher than the score the linear function could predict.

著者

吉本 美穂 高木 敬雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.156-162, 2005-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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This study investigated the individual differences of lightness filling-in on illusory contour figures with regard to the attention to figures; namely, to which information of hierarchical figures, the global information or the local information, subjects tended to allocate their attention. Subjects participated in a preliminary experiment to divide into a global group and a local group. The global group consisted of ten subjects who had a tendency to allocate their attention to the global configuration of hierarchical figures and the local group consisted of ten subjects who had a tendency to allocate their attention to the form of local elements of hierarchical figures. Both groups observed the Kanizsa squares and judged the lightness of the test field. The results showed that the local group significantly filled in greater lightness in the test field than the global group did. It is suggested that how subjects allocate attention to figures is one factor in individual differences of lightness filling-in and that lightness filling-in depends on top-down processing.