著者

市井 三郎

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.1-6, 1980-11-20 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

戸田山 和久他

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.139-149, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

佐藤 暁

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.1-16, 2012-07-30 (Released:2013-06-05)

参考文献数

6

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Dummett argued that practical ability is knowledge if and only if having an ability is described as knowing some propositions. He asserts that the ability to speak a language is knowledge itself, because we cannot attempt to speak a language unless we can speak the language. However, it is not clear why such an ability is knowledge itself. In this study, we reinforce his argument by defining knowledge of how to do things as knowledge based on learning experience. We cannot speak a language without learning experience. Moreover, if one gains an ability through learning experience, this means that he at least knows some propositions.

著者

照井 一成

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.49-64, 2003-12-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

13

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It is observed by Grishin that inconsistency of naive set theory can be avoided by restricting the logical law of contraction, as it is contraction that enables us to derive logical inconsistency from set-theoretic paradoxes such as Russell's paradox.In this paper, we examine Grishin's contraction-free naive set theory to better understand Russell's paradox and the naive comprehension principle from a purely formal standpoint. We study both static-propositional and dynamic-procedural aspects of naive comprehension and argue that it could lead to an ideal formalization of (part of) mathematics, where both propositional knowledge (theorems) and procedural knowledge (algorithms) reside in harmony.

著者

鈴木 貴之

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.83-94, 2002-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3 1

---

We have the ability to predict and understand behavior of ourselves and others by attributing various mental states. How can this ability, so-called the theory of mind, be explained? At present, we have two explanations, theory-theory and simulation-theory, and cannot decide which is better. However, if we appreciate that the underlying problem is how to describe the psychological mechanism which generates the phenomena describable as the use of theoretical knowledge, we can see that there remains an important alternative explanation which explains the ability as a kind of pattern recognition.

著者

石原 哉

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.1-12, 2007-12-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

24

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We survey Brouwer's intuitionistic mathematics and Markov's constructive recursive mathematics by examining axioms assumed in each school and mathematical theorems derived from the axioms. It is known that Bishop's constructive mathematics is a core of the varieties of mathematics in the sense that it can be extended not only to intuitionistic mathematics and constructive recursive mathematics, but also classical mathematics. We compare a new trend of constructive mathematics, called a minimalist foundation, with Bishop's constructive mathematics.

著者

山口 裕之

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.89-100, 2001-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

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These days, "biological determinism" is getting popular, corresponding to the pubulic interest in biology. Such determinism is a false opinion, which is ethically destructive. But, not only popular determinists, but "real" biologists also try to explain human characters by genes, which are segmented by the researchers' arbitrariness or social bias. On this point, there's no difference between popular determinists and real biologists. Human mind should not be understood as determined by genes, but as an "emergence" from life system which consists in the interaction between genes and proteins. From this point of view, we can make scientific researches on the human freedom.

著者

沢田 允茂

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.1-13, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

被引用文献数

1

著者

服部 裕幸

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.61-73, 1975-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

村上 祐子

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.69-76, 2012

著者

宮坂 和男

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.111-123, 1994-11-18 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

松原 仁

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.45-56, 1991-11-15 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

19

著者

佐藤 俊治

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.113-127, 2002-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

44

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This paper is an introductory survey of the modal interpretation of quantum mechanics. We review in this paper especially elementary kinematics of the Vermaas-Dieks and Bub modal interpretations: frameworks of their theories and justificatory arguments for their choices of possessed properties of quantal systems. We conclude this paper with a remark about relationship of their proposals to scientific realism.

著者

立花 希一

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.85-99, 1998-05-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

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This paper deals with the problem whether Popper's falsificationism has been refuted by the Duhem-Quine thesis. According to the Duhem-Quine thesis it is not an isolated hypothesis but a theory as a whole that is subjected to an experimental test. And it is claimed that by adding an ad hoc hypothesis or by changing a minor auxiliary hypothesis any falsifications of a theory as a whole can be evaded or at least main hypotheses can be saved from falsifications. Against this I claim that it is not always possible to evade the falsifications. Thus Popper's falsificationism has not been refuted by the Duhem-Quine thesis.

著者

野家 啓一

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.45-60, 1996-11-15 (Released:2009-05-29)

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Prof. Kobayashi criticized the Duhem-Quine thesis from an original point of view in his recent book Philosophy of Sience. His point is that there is "a difference of degree concerning theoreticity" which means the vulnerability to a theoretical revision in the whole system of physical theory. But, in my view, scientists cannot uniquely determine which is the object of revision between main hypotheses and auxiliary hypotheses. While in the "normal science" period auxiliary hypotheses are revised by falsificational experiments, only in the "scientific revolution" period main hypotheses are falsified. Therefore the so-called crucial experiment is no other than an honorary title which is awarded by historical consideration in a later period.

著者

森田 邦久

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.119-131, 2004-12-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

8

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The main purpose of this essay is an analysis of the methodology in physical research using the semantic concept of scientific theories (SC). The structure of this paper is as follows. First, the antecedent analyses of scientific research by T. S. Kuhn, I. Lakatos and L. Laudan are surveyed. Secondly, I try to define what SC is. According to SC, theory is applied not to real world directly but to model. And next, the methodology of physical research is analyzed by using SC according to the following three steps: 1. improving the approximation between model and the real world, 2. introducing unknown objects (or interactions), 3. alternating basic theory. Finally, the development of physics is discussed. I insist that a criterion to judge which theory is better when theory is modified is the ability to solve empirical problems not conceptual.

著者

竹内 泉

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.135-150, 2003-12-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

被引用文献数

1

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This work proposes a new semantics named "context semantics", which interprets predicate modal logic in which the modality symbols means logical validity. Although the possible world semantics is the most well-known method for semantics of modal logic, it is not so useful or so essential in studying the predicate modal logic. Especially, the transworld identification always makes serious problem. In order to avoid the problem, we propose the new semantics. Our semantics interprets a formula with finite information. This point is the most essential difference between our semantics and possible world semantics.

著者

戸田山 和久

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.29-43, 1999-05-15 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 1

---

To naturalize philosophy of science radically and thoroughly, we must re-examine the ontological character (not ontological commitment) of theories and ask how theories are realized in this physical world. Paul M. Churchland dare to answer to this question and claims that a theory is a partition across activation space which is realized by a specific pattern of synaptic weights in a brain. He also tries to justify some Feyerabendian strategies for doing science well in terms of neurocomputational functions of our brains. In this paper, Churchland's project to naturalize philosophy of science is defended against some criticisms. Then, a minor deficiency of his theory is pointed out and a way-out is suggested.

著者

伊勢田 哲治

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.61-78, 1995-11-15 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

15

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There have been interesting debates between Hilary Putnam and his critics on his argument against metaphysical realism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the nature of the debates and to defend Putnam's position in several important points. There are two types of criticism, one is to defend the correspondence theory of truth, and the other is to defend metaphysical realism without the correspondence theory of truth. Putnam seems to be able to answer these criticism effectively. Of course this isn't exhaustive survey, but I think this limited survey is enough to indicate the remaining problems.

著者

水本 正晴

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.63-77, 2006

被引用文献数

2

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David Chalmers presented a zombie argument, from which the falsity of physicalism allegedly follows. Although many authors who criticize this argument attack the derivation of the metaphysical possibility of zombies from the logical possibility of zombies, in this paper I will argue against the very first premise of the argument: the logical possibility of zombies. I will show the a priori impossibility of zombies, through what I call the Blinking Qualia argument.