著者

大塚 啓二郎

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.179-183, 2014-09-25 (Released:2016-03-26)

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日本人が,英文の査読付き学術雑誌に論文を掲載することは容易ではない.しかしこのグローバル化した時代に,日本語で研究論文を書いていたのでは学問をしたことにはならない.高い志を持って,英語の論文に挑むべきである.英語の微妙なニュアンスがわかるまで,英語を徹底的に読むことも重要である.また若い時には,教育を犠牲にして研究に集中しなければならない.国際会議は,研究者の戦場でもあることは理解すべきである.いろいろと苦労して投稿した論文も,意地の悪いレフリーにあらを探されて棄却されてしまうことも多い.本論は,英語の論文の雑誌に掲載しようとしている研究者に,著者の経験からアドバイスをしようとするものである.

著者

中村 信之 鈴木 綾

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.1-16, 2019-06-25 (Released:2019-09-25)

参考文献数

72

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近年開発経済学の研究では,RCTや疑似実験手法を用いた研究が盛んに行われているが,このような実験手法を用いた研究には長年議論が交わされている.本研究は2010年,2013年,2016~2018年3月に開発経済学の4大有力誌に掲載された1,497本の内,422本のすべての実験系論文を対象にシステマティックレビューを行い,実験系論文が受けてきた批判への対処について考察した.その結果,トピックが多様化し,アウトカム指標に客観的計測を用いる等の改善はあるが,外的妥当性や因果関係のメカニズム解明には課題が残ることが判明した.今後,RCTに関するガイドラインの制定や実験系論文のデータやデザインを共有するための環境整備等,学術界での取り組みが期待される.

著者

鈴木 宣弘

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.2, pp.115-127, 2009-09-25 (Released:2014-02-28)

参考文献数

6

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Due to a smaller number of exporting countries and a larger number of importing countries in international food trade caused by continuous tariff reduction under the WTO (World Trade Organization) system, the recent grain prices are more responsive to changes in supply-demand balance. Moreover, the sense of insecurity becomes a cause of export restraint and raging grain speculation, thereby increasing grain price volatility.Food importing countries recognized after the recent world food crisis that each country should maintain a certain level of basic food production in its own country. However, since the current WTO rules have several unfair aspects favorable to exporting countries with large-scale farms, it would be difficult for Asian small-scale rice farming to survive under these rules. The rules focus on economic efficiency without considering external economies such as national security and environmental concerns. Furthermore, it is said that a total ban on export subsidies by the end of 2013 was agreed, but the pledge is very unlikely to be fulfilled because many “hidden” export subsidies are left out of this agreement. Therefore, Asian countries should aim jointly to incorporate more comprehensive rules for sustainable growth of Asian agriculture into the worldwide rules.In order to re-vitalize rice farming in Japan, we should allow producers' discretion in cropping and introduce inductively coordinated direct (deficiency) payments to rice by end use (direct consumption, rice powder, animal feed, and biofuel) and alternative crops (wheat and soybeans), based on calculated differences between a standard (or target) production cost and a standard selling price. In addition, direct payments based on agricultural multi-functionality should be expanded especially for small farmers in mountainous areas.

著者

伊藤 淳史

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.2, pp.165-177, 2020-09-25 (Released:2020-12-25)

参考文献数

26

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本稿ではPL480タイトルIIによる学校給食贈与の成立過程について日米両政府の公文書に基づき検討し,以下の点を明らかにした.第1に,アメリカ政府は食生活改善のため脱脂粉乳贈与を提案したが,日本政府は粉食奨励による国際収支改善を訴え小麦贈与を認めさせた.第2に,日米二国間の利害だけでなく他国との協定の影響により交渉は難航した.第3に,日米は学童服への綿花贈与でも合意したが加工費負担問題により断念された.第4に,贈与小麦はパン用小麦でないためカナダ産小麦とのブレンドが必要だった.以上の知見は,学校給食によるパン食の普及を通じたアメリカ小麦市場開拓という従来の見解が成り立たないことを示すものである.

著者

伊藤 淳史

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.221-233, 2012-03-25 (Released:2014-04-01)

参考文献数

42

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本稿では農業労務者派米事業の成立過程について農林・外務両省の角逐に着目して分析を行い,以下の3点を明らかにした.第1に,本事業は農業政策としては「二三男対策」と「後継者対策」の2側面を併せ持ち,また移民政策としては農村青年の単身移民として構想されたものであった.第2に,両省には事業の位置付けに関する根本的な相違があった.外交政策としての意義を優先させた外務省に対して,農林省は農業政策としての立場を主張し,妥協の成立には2年を要した.第3に,戦後農業政策について農業移民を検討する必要性を,また戦後移民政策については農林・外務両省など諸アクターによる動的過程として捉える必要性を指摘した.

著者

半杭 真一

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.3, pp.173-180, 2013-12-25 (Released:2015-06-30)

参考文献数

4

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東京電力福島第一原子力発電所事故は,放射性物質の大量拡散をもたらした.食品の放射性物質による汚染は低い水準に抑えられているものの,放射性物質がこれまで直面したことのなかった危害因子であることから,消費者は不安と混乱のなかに置かれている.本論文では,食品中の放射性物質に関する科学情報をスライドショーとしてまとめ,このスライドショーによって消費者の意識がどのように変化するかを分析した.福島県と首都圏,関西圏に住む消費者を対象として,農産物としてキュウリを選び,インターネットを用いて調査を行った.福島県産の農産物は消費者に忌避されており,スライドショーは消費者の選好を変化させていた.本論文は,科学的な情報提供の有効性を示すものであるが,スライドショーに対する見方が分かれていることは,放射性物質に関するコミュニケーションの難しさを示している.不安の程度が比較的小さい消費者に対して,客観的データを提供することが有効だろう.

著者

岩本 純明

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.107-117, 1999-12-24 (Released:2017-01-18)

参考文献数

29

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The process for establishing the framework of postwar agricultural policy started just after the end of WorId War II, initiated by agricultural bureaucrats. Rural land reform was successfully implemented as an indispensable matter which contributed toward the restructuring of the policy framework in the agricultural sector. The high growth of the Japanese economy enabled the government to provide various types of subsidies to farmers, whereby the government could successfully attract political support from farmers. Although the Agricultural Basic Law in 1961 regarded the structural reform of the farming system as its main task, actual policies implemented under the law attached high priority to the rice price policy. The current framework of agricultural policy was thus established, where secret negotiations in the inner circle of a triad―politicians, bureaucrats and agricultural cooperatives―have continued to play a key role. The exclusiveness and opacity in the process of decision-making and policy implementation aroused a deep suspicion of its appropriateness among many people. After the mid-1980s, the current framework of agricultural policy has encountered great criticism from various social groups who have long been excluded from the decision-making process. The most influential criticism comes from big-business circles demanding to abolish or ease the governmental intervention on agricultural trade. Under the economic restructuring process, a number of people in Japan seem to be driven to self-help efforts and have become skeptical about the function of the public sector, which tendency has given an impetus to the restructuring of the policy framework in the agricultural sector. Under such a situation, however, we should not overlook a different stream of new social movements organized in the communal sector. The new stream fakes a critical stance to both the private and public sectors. The alternative framework of agricultural policy should be established through an equal partnership between farmers and the citizens.

著者

不破 信彦

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.4, pp.233-247, 2008-03-25 (Released:2014-08-29)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

2

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In recent years, there has been a rise in the scientific threshold for establishing causality in the empirical development economics literature. In light of this development, this article discusses some specific contexts where 'endogeneity problems' arise (where systematic correlation between a right-hand-side variable and the error term in a regression equation is suspected) in microeconometric analysis using household-level data in developing countries. The article also reviews a few of the recent trends in the methodological advances in the empirical development literature that are likely to be behind the rising scientific standards in our profession. These are: the explosion in the availability of micro (household)-level data in developing countries; innovations in econometric methods (especially the search for ever 'cleverer' and 'more credible' instrumental variables, including 'natural experiments'); and innovations in data collection designs and set-ups (including randomized policy evaluations and field experiments by experimental economists). The article further argues that such recent developments in the literature could potentially provide great opportunities for agricultural economists in Japan, who have long traditions of conducting fieldwork and of being actively involved in primary data collection at the micro level. At the same time, however, we will need to pay a much closer attention to the distinction between the observation of simple statistical correlation, on the one hand, and the establishment of causality, on the other, in our empirical work.

著者

大住 あづさ GASSELIN Pierre

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.83-88, 2021-06-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

9

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This paper aims to study conditions of the early stage of collective action in the Val Llech project inspired by Biovallée de la Drôme, a territorial approach to ecological transitions. From interviews with key actors regarding their motivations and participation in the project, we examined which parts of their perception of the issues to be addressed in the associations are categorized into convergence, divergence, and contradictions. We subsequently identified how convergence has underpinned Val Llech’s early collective action. We further examined the group’s strengths and issues to be solved for the stabilization and future development of collective action.

著者

横溝 功

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.218-225, 1996-03-28 (Released:2018-01-12)

参考文献数

12

著者

大栗 行昭

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.4, pp.407-424, 2020

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<p>初期の産業組合は,藩政期に成立した部落を区域とする,小農の商品経済対応組織であったとされる.この自治村落論を検証するには,組合設立時の資料を用いて組合の区域と藩政村の領域とを比較する必要があるが,適切な資料は使われてこなかった.本論文は産業組合法公布(1900年)後10年間に設立された5,509組合の役員住所(『官報』掲載)によって,組合区域が藩政村であったかを検証した.初期組合の中で藩政村の組合は支配的でないことが明らかになった.注目されるのは複数の藩政村で構成された組合が最も多かったことで,村々をまとめたのは中小地主であることが示唆された.初期産業組合設立の実態からは,自治村落論は支持されない.</p>

著者

草苅 仁

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.146-160, 2011-12-25 (Released:2014-03-31)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2

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本報告では食料消費サイドのベースラインを提示する.課題は次の3点である.(1)日本の家計が経験してきた戦後の食生活の変化を考察して,その規定要因を明らかにする.(2)今後の国産農産物需要の見通しを明らかにする.(3)家計と農業の連携(家計による持続的な国産農産物の需要)の可能性を探る.結論は以下のとおりである.(1)戦後の食生活を主に規定した要因は栄養学的な要因ではなく,経済的要因である.(2)このままの状態では,家計の食料消費における国産農産物需要の割合は減少していく.(3)今後,家計が持続的に国産農産物を需要して,家計と農業が連携していくためには,国内農業の生産効率を向上させる必要がある.

著者

関根 佳恵

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.3, pp.238-252, 2020-12-25 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

52

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2040年までに持続可能な社会へ移行するために,日本ではどのような農業経営体によるどのような農業を目指すべきか.そのための政策とはどのようなものであるべきか.本稿は,国連やEUにおける農業政策の新潮流と政策思想の変遷をふまえて,日本における持続可能な社会に資する新たな農業経営体像を展望するため,4つのシナリオを検討する.結論として,農業に対する新たな社会的要請に応えることができるアグロエコロジーの推進,資源・エネルギー効率性という新たな経営の評価基準で優位性を発揮する小規模・家族経営の支援,小規模・分散型の生産・消費システムの構築という政策を提示する.

著者

朱 宗桓

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.86-94, 1990-09-26 (Released:2019-03-19)

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This paper attempts to briefly observe and analyze the past and the present situation of the rice economy of South Korea and give future perspectives. 1) Historically, the rice cuItivated in South Korea has been exclusively the Japonica type. 2) During the period of 1915-1933 under Japanese colonial rule, rice production increased about 27%, while the per capita rice consumption decreased about 37%. This was brought about by the semi-feudal tenant system, which had an extremely high rate of rent reaching more than 50% of the gross harvest. 3) In 1949, after World War II, South Korea launched the Land Reform. It contributed very much to the boost of rice production in the 1970s and 1980s. 4) Up until the 1960s, South Korea imported a large quantity of food grain from the United States under the PL480 programs and this brought about a stagnation of the increase of rice production. 5) During the period of 1960-1973, the total production of rice stagnated at the level of 4 million M/T on a hulled rice basis, except for 1969. After 1975, however, new varieties of rice were extensively introduced, and the total production was raised to the level of 6 million M/T. In 1962 the yield per 10 a was only 266 kg, but it was raised to 494 kg in 1977, and in the 1980s it maintained the range of 410-440 kg. The proportion between the new varieties and the conventional ones once reached a peak of 76 : 24 in 1978, but it had reversed to 18 : 82 in 1988. 6) The per capita consumption of rice was more than 130 kg in the 1970s and in 1980, but it has been gradually and consistently decreasing in recent years, down to nearly 120 kg. 7) In spite of the government's consistent effort to enlarge farm size, the average paddy size still remains at the level of 0. 74 ha in 1988. In recent years, however, policy efforts are being pursued to enlarge the farm size by integrating farmland by allowing the lease of them as well as by supporting young successors to enable them to buy more land. 8) As the rural exodus is rapidly proceeding, farm mechanization is gradually increasing. However, productivity of the rice production in Korea is not foreseen to be raised to an internationally competitive level in the near future. 9) Since rice has been the most important staple food, the production of rice should be preserved for a considerable length of time, especially for maintaining national security in the midst of the vulnerabilities and uncertainties of the international rice markets.

著者

朴 ソプ

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.195-204, 1993-03-25 (Released:2018-11-01)

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This paper analyzes how the Korean farmers responded to the changes of agricultural conditions, and as the results, how the route of rice sale changed. The object of study is cooperative sale of unhulled rice, the general form of farmers-selling rice in colonial Korea. Until the 1920s, most farmers sold the unhulled rice to rice merchants in their own home. But with the fall of rice price, farmers had to minimize the loss. So the cooperative sale and farmers' sale of their product through regional shopping centers appeared newly. In the 1930s, the Government-General's policy of distribution-rationalization, the operation of examination in unhulled rice, and the construction of storehouse for agricultural product, increased cooperative sale. The form, the price, the quantity, and the stratums of cooperative sale can be summed up as follows. (1) The organizer of cooperative sale was the Aricultural Association of Korea. And the customers were rice exporters or rice-cleaning millers. (2) The price of cooperative sale was higher than the market price by ¥0.5-1.0. (3) Rice sold in cooperative sale amounted to 8,205,000 tons in 1939. (4) Total number of farmers who joined to cooperative sale was 650,000 in 1939. And small-scale farmers also joined to that. In the 1920s, rice sales were dominated entirely-by the route of farmer/unmodernized landlord-broker-rice merchant-rice exporter or rice-cleaning miller, and modernized landlord-rice exporter or rice-cleaning miller. But in the 1930s, new route of farmer/landlord-organization for agriculture-rice exporter or rice-cleaning miller appeared and spread.

著者

京井 尋佑 藤野 正也 栗山 浩一

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.2, pp.245-250, 2019-09-25 (Released:2019-12-25)

参考文献数

17

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Eco-labeling schemes have been practiced in Japan to support eco-friendly farmers. Many previous studies have examined consumer preference on rice with eco-labeling which certifies its cultivation method. Most of those investigations, however, cannot sufficiently consider the variation of consumer preference. The objectives of this study are (1) analyzing the consumer preference about information on cultivation method and farmer, considering preference heterogeneity and (2) discussing the character of each consumer preference group. To achieve our purposes, we had an online questionnaire including a choice experiment and conducted latent class model estimation. The main outcomes are as follows. First, consumer preference on cultivation method, rice brand, and information on the farmer are heterogeneous. Second, consumers are likely to prefer the information on the cultivation method to information on the farmer. These results suggest to current eco-labeling schemes the importance of targeting a particular consumer group and providing proper information to each consumer group. Our results also suggest that consumers who prefer the information on the farmer are potentially becoming purchasers of conservation-agricultural products.

著者

川島 博之

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.2, pp.49-59, 2009-09-25 (Released:2014-02-28)

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This report tried to locate world food production in world history. The situation in which the food production found itself changed greatly in the 20th century. Food production in the world increased in the latter half of the 20th century. Not only grain production but also meat production increased. Industrially fixed nitrogen fertilizer contributed to this increase.The agricultural population has begun to decrease because it has come to be able to produce food easily. The agricultural population has decreased especially in the advanced countries. The ratio of the population of farmers in advanced countries has decreased to about 2%. Moreover, the proportion of agricultural production in the GDP has decreased, too.Grain prices have been sluggish in the past 20 years. They began to rise in 2006; however, they fell sharply in the autumn of 2008. This rapid change shows that the cause of this change came from the inflow of speculation money into the grain market.The price of cereals for the production of biomass energy is higher than that of oil. A subsidy is indispensable for biomass energy production. It is not easy to think that a large amount of ethanol is produced from grain. Only the production of the ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil will increase in the future.

著者

出村 克彦 伊藤 昭男 瀬戸 篤

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.192-201, 1995-03-28 (Released:2018-02-19)

参考文献数

15

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This paper is a comparative study based on the 1985 edition of the International Input-Output Table, published by Japan's MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry), conducted to analyze the cost structure of the dairy industry in Japan, the USA, the UK and France using two analyses in the table. The first is a cost-share analysis in the dairy industry in the table. The second approach is a price simulation model. Both analyses are based on an aggregated Input-Output Table for eight industries. The results of the study in the four main industries indicate that, if Japanese dairy industry is to survive as the country opens its market, it must cut production costs in order to close the price gap between domestic and imported products. This, in turn, will require lower milk production costs as well as cost reductions in related sectors such as distribution and services. The results of the first analysis show that the Japanese dairy industry has a relatively low cost input structure; it is similar to France and the UK in terms of general costs. It has a low input structure compared with the USA, the UK and France in terms of the costs of raw materials (i.e. milk). With respect to the cost of services and distribution, the Japanese market has a high cost input structure compared with the other three countries. The second analysis is aimed at clarifying the effects of price fluctuations in individual sectors on the industry as a whole. Results indicate that Japan's influence to the price fluctuations in the milk production (material) sector is lower than that of USA, however, is larger than that of UK and France. In Japan, lower prices of raw materials have little impact on the retail price of dairy products, while cost reductions in other sectors such as manufacturing, services and distribution influence dairy products' end price.

著者

松田 友義 中村 隆

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.213-220, 1993-03-25 (Released:2018-11-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

著者

作山 巧

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.4, pp.317-322, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-06-25)

参考文献数

25

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This paper finds that, in the Japan-US Trade Agreement (JUSTA), the true tariff elimination ratio for the US is 5 percent and that for Japan-US combined is 34 percent, which falls short of the 90 percent threshold set by the Japanese government for its FTA to be consistent with the WTO Agreements, and proves that the JUSTA violates the WTO Agreements. This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that, even if tariffs on automobiles/auto parts and duty-free items are assumed to be eliminated as the Japanese Government professes, the tariff elimination ratio for the US still falls below 90 percent.