著者

島田 克彦 林 美帆

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.19-33, 2015-12

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The scope of interest of this research is : 1. That researchers of humanity and social sciences in the broad sense share not only the research results but also the documents which postulate the results, and establish a humanity and social sciences society where researchers approximate the subject of research based on documents. 2. To pursue the possibility that not only researchers but citizens as well take part in intellectual activities by accessing primary sources, investigating the truth about regional history, and sharing experiences in the region including large-scale natural disasters and pollution cases. To work especially on the second theme, it is the role as well as the responsibility of researchers of humanity and social sciences to clarify the value of documents which society must share. This study discusses these themes by considering the research history of urban society in modern Osaka and industrial reconstruction in the pollution-damaged area in Nishiyodogawa as a case study.

著者

田代 昌孝

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = St. Andrew's University economic and business review (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.4, pp.141-159, 2012-03-30

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Recent academic research on consumption tax has shifted from an analysis on annual perspective to lifetime issue. If we can use lifetime income to spend lifetime consumption, or namely if we can explain the lifetime behavior of Japanese household using life-cycle hypothesis, Consumption tax is proportional in nature. To construct a measure of consumption tax incidence over the lifetime, we can use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), an annual, longitudinal survey containing income and other demographic information on individual sample of American household since 1968. Unfortunately, there are no annual, longitudinal analysis based on income and other demographic information on individual sample of Japanese household. Consequently, consumption tax incidence on individual sample of Japanese household over lifetime has not been clear. Accordingly, our results suggest that it may be very difficult to draw a widely accepted general conclusion on lifetime tax incidence. But estimating cross-sectional data of age and income as proxy for lifetime income will enable constructing a measure of intra generational incidence in Japan's consumption tax. This paper constructs cross-sectional data of age and income using micro-data of Japanese household. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the regressivity of inter- and intra-generational incidence in Japan's consumption tax. The major findings include (1) Estimating consumption tax incidence in using micro-data, a tax burden on consumption is particularly heavy in the age group of those in early twenties or after fifties, (2) a consumption tax places less regressive burden on those in early twenties or after late sixties.

著者

松平 功

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University journal of Christian studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.51, pp.3-43, 2016-02-18

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More than fifty years, Rene Girard has developed a hypothesis which is alled the mimetic theory. According to this theory, human beings imitate each other, and this tendency spreads mutually among people and leads to rivalries. This mimetic also causes mutual conflicts in a community. Since the mimetic rivalry that develops from the struggle for the possession of objects is contagious, it leads to the threat of violence. According to Girard, such conflicts are partially solved by a scapegoat mechanism, but ultimately, Christianity is the best appeasement to violene. Girard believes that the gospel texts have instead acted as a catalyst that brings about the break-down of the sacrificial order. The evangelical "good news" clearly affirms the innocence of the victim, thus becoming, by attacking ignorance, the germ of the destruction of the sacrificial order on which rests the equilibrium of societies. The Old Testament already shows several turning points, and also exposes the mythic accounts with regard to the innocence of the victims. The Hebrew people were conscious about the uniqueness of their religious tradition. The gospels fully clarify this hidden system, and unveil the Satanic order which has continued since ancient time. The gospels also describe the foundation of this order as the murder in the account of the Passion. Medieval Europe showed the face of a sacrificial society that still knew very well how to despise and ignore its victims, nonetheless the efficacy of sacrificial violence has not decreased, in the measure that ignorance has receded. Girard sees the uniqueness and of the transformations of the Western society whose destiny today is one with that of human society as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to research about the mimetic theory and the scapegoat mechanism, and to provide a deeper understanding about a relationship between those hypotheses. Through criticizing Girard's concepts, this paper will provide an accurate recognition concerning the redemption.

著者

高井 昌吏

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.31-71, 2017-10-20

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In the late 1960 s, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, the former movie actor and TVpersonality, felt challenged by the documentary film “A Dog’s Life” (originaltitle: Mondo Cane) produced by Italian film director Gualtiero Jacopetti.While pursuing the ‘authenticity’ of documentary, Kawaguchi alsoperformed as an actor and was involved in the production of a televisionprogram. The program of Hiroshi Kawaguchi was different from JunichiUshiyama’s television documentary ”Wonderful World Travel”, as theformer tried to represent the ‘authenticity’ of documentary whileemphasizing the impact of the image, whereas the latter pursued‘education’ and academics through his program. This is, in a sense, a resultof focusing on creating a program from the perspective of the ‘masses’instead of from the perspective of ‘modern citizens’. Their directions weredifferent, yet their educational background, parents’ occupations andcultural capital were related to each other. In the mid-1980 s, however,“Kawaguchi Hiroshi Adventurer Series” directed by the former actor whoplaced great emphasis on ‘authenticity’ became viewed as a parody ofadventure and exploration by the audience amid a rumor that the programwas ‘staged’. In other words, although Hiroshi Kawaguchi’s documentaryprogram began as a pursuit of ‘authenticity’, it was ironically criticized interms of its ‘authenticity’ and ridiculed. This was due to changes in theattitudes of TV viewers, especially of the audience of documentary shows.In the meanwhile, Junichi Ushiyama also entered the academic world, suchas the “Visual anthropology”, and as a result, his television documentarybecame accepted as an ‘educational program’.

著者

松澤 俊二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.69-86, 2016-02-25

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This paper is intended to study the proletarian tanka which rose during about 5 years from 1928 and declined immediately. Evaluation of proletarian tanka is not high so far. There are two reasons of low evaluation. First, because the tanka have been considered as politics, not Literary work. Second, the representation of tanka is a roar and vilification against the government and the capitalists, and this is because it is not individual, and mannerism and critics thought. However, it must be noted that such evaluation having been made from modern tanka's sense of values which considers that expression of individuality is the most important. Therefore, it is impossible from the sense of values to discuss the proletarian tanka which appeared as an antithesis of a modern tanka from the start. In the light of this fact, It is necessary to reconsider old research of a proletarian tanka and tanka work itself. In this paper, I gave priority to that I took up the expectations of the proletarian poet at that time. For this purpose, I chose "Proletarian Tanka poetics" as a research material. And it was clarified why the rut expression was repeated Tanka work, social circumstances surrounding its Tanka movement, and how was thought to increase the fan proletarian Tanka. In addition the existence of the proletarian tanka confirmed that it becomes a ruler to measure the political character of the modern tanka that attention had not been applied to until now.

著者

江藤 隆之

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.1-24, 2015-10-30

著者

大久保 正人

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 = St. Andrew's University law review (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.23, pp.95-130, 2014-03-10

著者

小笠原 匡/和栗 珠里 和栗 珠里

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.177-195, 2015-03-27

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The joint study project of Momoyama Gakuin University titled "The Establishment and Development of Masked Comedy in Japan and in Italy during the Medieval and Early Modern Period and its Contemporary Practice" has been developing a series of researches and discussions on the roots of masked comedy through comparative study of Kyogen and Commedia dell'Arte. Both Kyogen and Commedia dell'Arte have long histories through which they have developed into the sophisticated styles as we know them today. On the other hand, their original spirit and dynamism has been lost or diminished. Our inquiry into the primitive forms of Kyogen and Commedia dell'Arte will hopefully contribute to restoring this spirit and dynamism to the contemporary theater. Kyogen in general is a genre of comic play whose main characters are Tarokaja , a quick-witted servant, and his master. In this point the parallelism of Kyogen and Commedia dell'Arte is often mentioned. But our interest regards another aspect of Kyogen in Nogaku : Sanbaso in Shikisanban. There are many mysterious sides to Sanbaso, probably because it maintains older elements than other Kyogen repertories. Sanbaso consists of dance rather than the form of a play and is composed of two parts : Momino-dan (stamping segment) in which the kyogen actor dances and sings rhythmically without amask; Suzu-no-dan (bell segment) in which he puts on the Kokushikijo (black old man) mask and dances solemnly with a bell tree in one hand. It is generally considered that Momi-no-dan is a dance of a young man cultivating the land and Suzu-no-dan is that of an elder sowing or planting the crop. We suggest a different interpretation. The black mask may imply a woman rather than a suntanned peasant as is generally conceived. In fact, traditional forms of Sanbaso in some regions include dances with female masks. It is evident that Shikisanban has its origin in old shamanic rituals. Shamans are often women, a mystic existence with the ability of giving birth to new lives. In the course of time the shamanic role of Sanbaso may have been taken from women and given to men who need some initiation in order to go into a trance. Momi-no-dan might be this initiation and Suzu-no-dan might be a dance of a transgender shaman. And for him a mask is necessary to turn into `something else'. It is noticed that Sanbaso derives also from the festivals of Matarajin. Matarajin is a guardian deity of Amida Buddha and of the performing arts and has many other aspects such as Kojin, Dosojin and Marebito. The worship of this deity is a mysticism and its festivals held by secret societies were very carnivalesque. The Hatsukayasai festival of Motsu-ji temple is a relic of Matarajin worship. The Ennen-no-mai performed at the end of this festival is a dance with a black old woman mask very similar to the Kokushikijo mask. Like Kyogen Commedia dell'Arte derives from old rituals and festivities, especially carnival, mystery plays and Renaissance theatrical arts. In Venice in the first half of the 16th century, the place and time of the birth of Commedia dell'Arte, a kind of performing art called momaria was greatly in fashion. In momaria there were a number of symbolic elements of pagan tradition which were also common to carnival festivities and mystery plays. Above all the presence of buffoonish characters is notable. The most important character of Commedia dell'Arte is Arlecchino, a typical buffone (fool). It goes without saying that the fool once had a shamanic role. Moreover, Arlecchino is thought to have his origin in a chthonian spirit which once had been a pagan deity (Dionisus, Hermes, Odin, etc.) and transformed into a demonic existence in the Christian era. He even has a hermaphrodite aspect. In fact, every attribute of Arlecchino, from the black mask and the slapstick to the acrobatic movements, is much more significant than is seen on the surface. Thus, we find many similarities between the black old man in Sanbaso and Arlecchino in Commedia dell'Arte. At the base of these performances lie people's awe and prayers toward nature, which has almost been forgotten in modern society.

著者

宮本 孝二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.59-84, 2004-07

著者

松澤 俊二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.69-86, 2016-02-25

---

This paper is intended to study the proletarian tanka which rose during about 5 years from 1928 and declined immediately. Evaluation of proletarian tanka is not high so far. There are two reasons of low evaluation. First, because the tanka have been considered as politics, not Literary work. Second, the representation of tanka is a roar and vilification against the government and the capitalists, and this is because it is not individual, and mannerism and critics thought. However, it must be noted that such evaluation having been made from modern tanka's sense of values which considers that expression of individuality is the most important. Therefore, it is impossible from the sense of values to discuss the proletarian tanka which appeared as an antithesis of a modern tanka from the start. In the light of this fact, It is necessary to reconsider old research of a proletarian tanka and tanka work itself. In this paper, I gave priority to that I took up the expectations of the proletarian poet at that time. For this purpose, I chose "Proletarian Tanka poetics" as a research material. And it was clarified why the rut expression was repeated Tanka work, social circumstances surrounding its Tanka movement, and how was thought to increase the fan proletarian Tanka. In addition the existence of the proletarian tanka confirmed that it becomes a ruler to measure the political character of the modern tanka that attention had not been applied to until now.

著者

江藤 隆之

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 = St. Andrew's University law review (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.1-24, 2015-10-30

著者

北野 友士

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.47-64, 2018-07-30

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A central bank’s forward guidance is an important instrument as anunconventional monetary policy. If households and businesses form aninflation expectation along with the guidance, they could appropriatelyallocate resources along a time axis. However, as is known, the public doesnot always act in an economically rational manner, because of status quobias or other factors. In other words, a communication strategy by acentral bank should consider the public’s financial literacy or capability.Thus, this paper reviews the current status of and issues concerning thecommunication strategy of the Bank of England, because the Bank alreadyuses forward guidance and has several outreach programs. Theimplications of the Bank’s efforts can be summarized by two key points.First, forward guidance in the UK is considered to work as a tool for“price-level targeting.” Second, as part of its communication strategy, theBank has recently been trying to engage in layered “communication,”“conversation” with the public, and “education” in schools. This recognizesthe importance of “understanding” and “trust” from the public in order forcentral banks to maintain price stability.

著者

野尻 亘

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

国際文化論集 (ISSN:09170219)

巻号頁・発行日

no.47, pp.75-92, 2013-03-28

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American geography of the 19th century suffered a major backlash due to the influence of environmental determinism. However, with the dawn of the 20th century, area studies became a major field. Yet even when much regional elements were broken down into detail and presented in terms of distribution, the difficulty remained of categorizing areas into objective, uniform regions. To address this difficulty, a variety of methodologies were developed regarding the concept of region. Sauer's "Morphology of Landscape" (1925) marked the beginning of this movement, followed by the concept of sequent occupance, defined by Whittlesey (1929). This concept addressed the succession and transition of the cultural landscape over the course of developments such as the hunter-gatherer society of indigenous peoples ; the immigration of farmers ; the formation of villages ; industrialization; and urbanization. In contrast, Hartshorne (1939) was influenced by Hettner (1927) in Germany, proposing the concept of areal differentiation, which in turn had a dramatic impact on the field of geography in the United States in the 1940s and 50s. This topographical methodology cited differences in distribution of various aspects of the earth's surface including weather patterns, geomorphology, soil, resources, etc., and also explained the spatial relationship between them. The issue here was that interpretations were made based on differences in specified phenomena between places. In other words, regions were conveniently interpreted in a way that suited the specific index that was chosen. This meant rejection of the kind of geography that emphasizes the morphological aspect of the cultural landscape. Further, it was concluded that it was not necessary to limit research topics to visible landscapes ; the new way of thinking emphasized the importance of choosing an event that would facilitate significant change arising from differences in location, or an event that had the potential to facilitate a change in other phenomena. However, while this type of methodology tends to emphasize the diversity of different regions, it also tends to close the door to generalization. James (1952, 1954) asserted the need to pay attention to areal likeness, an approach that enables comparison between regions. In addition, Whittlesey (1954) categorized regions into uniform regions and nodal regions for purposes of study. The uniform region is characterized by specified indices, standards and definitions such as the Corn Belt and the Cotton Belt. In contrast, nodal regions are those that have a specific focal point; that is, a certain structure is expected of this central area, including the flow and circulation of people and information emanating from a specific focal point. Depending on different standards, such as commutable zone and consumer catchment area, one can identify a diverse array of nodal regions. As noted above, studies in the field of geography in the United States, particularly in the post-World War II period, showed a deepening interest in clarifying the hierarchy and behavior of nodal and functional regions and regional interaction, paving the way toward system theory research on regional function systems. As part of this series of movements, Berry (1964) attempted to develop a fusion of the topographical or factorial ecology methodology and quantitative geography, applying multivariable analysis to regional data.

著者

飯尾 要

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済学論集 (ISSN:0286990X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.249-277, 1970-12

著者

石川 明人

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.113-138, 2015-03-23

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Ayako Miura, the Christian novelist, once recalled that in her younger days, she was a militarist teacher. Indeed, the period of her youth spent as an elementary school teacher overlaps with Japan's wartime period. However, when Miura's autobiographical writings are analyzed in detail, it seems more accurate to say that she was not a militarist. This is because she did not consciously support militarism on the basis of sufficient knowledge or opinions about politics and the military during her days as a teacher; rather, she simply complied with and was swept along by the belligerent social atmosphere of the time. Miura's period as a "militarist" teacher can certainly be considered as a dark phase of her life. However, this does not mean that Miura's efforts within the education system of the wartime military state were either malicious or negligent. Conversely, at the time, she strove to accomplish her duties as a teacher in good faith, in the broad sense, with dedication, integrity, and sincerity. That in doing so she consequently became complicit to the evils of the war can only be termed as a lamentable paradox. Though Miura later became an outspoken opponent of war, this opposition was neither based on social scientific knowledge nor grounded in mere humanism; fundamentally, it developed as a result of her Christian faith. Through her wartime experience, Miura had become keenly aware of the fundamental weaknesses, miseries and follies of humanity as well as her own and, in her despair, turned to Christianity. In basing her opposition to war on her Christian faith, Miura failed to consider the classic quandary that religion may also be used to justify war. Nevertheless, her opposition to war is surely worthy of our attention even today.

著者

天本 哲史

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 = St. Andrew's University law review (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.20・21, pp.287-327, 2013-03-29

著者

都築 郷実

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.191-239, 2016-02-26

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There are only a few demonstrative studies on the omission of the appositive clause `that'. This paper deals with the following six types of the appositive clause `that'. Type 1 : Verb+(.751 322.547 Tpreposition)+Noun+that clause Type 2 : there be Noun+that clause Type 3 : (Subject)+be+Noun+that clause Type 4 : Noun+that clause (Subject)+Verb Type 5 : Noun (Subject)+Verb+that clause Type 6 : Preposition+Noun+that clause There are many examples of the omission of the appositive clause `that' in Type 1 and Type 2. The examples in Type 3 and Type 6 have fewer than those in Type 1 and Type 2. Differently from the other types, the appositive clause `that' in Type 4 and Type 5 is usually obligatory. The appositive clause `that' in Type 1, 2, 3 and 6 are optional, depending on a writer's or speaker's subjective judgement. The omission of the appositive clause `that' occurs in colloquial English and written English. The following are examples in every Type. 1) ..., I've come to the conclusion he's gone underground permanently... -J. Black: Megacorp. 2) "There's no doubt the company is generally outperforming the industry." -Fortune, Dec. 4, 1978 3) ..., and the timing of his bill is another indication he expects more political than legislative results. -The New York Times, Weekly Review, July 27, 1979 4) Yet, already, the fact they had to be careful not to be seen together was a depressing intrusion upon their pleasure. -E. Thompson: Tattoo 5) While the fact remained we'd been seeing each other three years. -Stephen Elkin: Mirror in the Bathroom 6) ... working against the fear the door might be opened on him at any moment. -E. Thompson: Tattoo

著者

山本 順一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, pp.71-88, 2014-03-28

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In recent years, the Japanese academic world has been at a loss to cope with duplicate publications in scholarly journals. This article shows the backgrounds that may tend to produce to duplicate publications, and the present situations that scientific societies in Japan are wrestling with. Second, the author considers the conceptual structure of duplicate publications, and their legal meaning relating to copyright. Third, this paper tells R&D institutions how to prevent the duplication of publications by hired researchers. Finally, the author presents concrete examples relating to duplicate publications, and indicates which cases fall into the category of improper publications.

著者

松澤 俊二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.39-59, 2012-03-14

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Traditional Japanese poetry (waka) faced extreme difficulties due to the massive inflow of western thought at the emergence of Imperial Japan in the late nineteenth century. Masakaze Takasaki, a waka poet, who served Emperor Meiji in a governmental capacity, played a crucial role for the continuation of waka during the time of Japan's westernization. How did Japanese traditional literature survive in a time of extraordinary socio-cultural and political transformation? This paper explores the history of Japanese poetry culture and the role of Takasaki in its struggle, renewal, and stabilization since1868. Historical analyses provide an alternative view of the history of poetry in Japan. Takasaki, as a government bureaucrat and social activist, established the ideal waka poetry typology and played an important role in the diffusion process of the renewed traditional culture. His poetry work attempted to turn the attention of Emperor Meiji and political elites in the Imperial Government toward the minds of the people. As a result, waka poetry became an important spiritual and political binding between Emperor Meiji and people of Japan. Thus, by bringing the cultural status of poetry into the political arena, Takasaki contributed to the renewal and continuation of a cultural tradition and literature. In the emergence of Imperial Japan, Masakaze Takasaki gave new value to traditional Japanese poetry, which once thought to be unnecessary in a rapidly modernizing and westernizing society.

著者

家禰 淳一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.173-187, 2016-07-06