著者

速水 敏彦 木野 和代 高木 邦子

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.43-55, 2005-09-30 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

17 6

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In response to recent social phenomenon of adolescents reporting increasingly higher levels of anger, a new construct "assumed-competence" is proposed in this study.The purpose of Study 1 is to formulate an instrument to measure individual differences in assumed-competence and to examine the construct validity of the scale by comparing it with self-esteem in relation to past experiences. Four scales designed to measure assumed-competence, past experiences, self-esteem, and narcissistic-competence were administered to 393 university students. The ACS (Assumed-Competence Scale) consisting of 11 items showed high reliability. The ACS showed no significant relationship to self-esteem, but was positively related to narcissistic-competence. Self-esteem was positively correlated with positive experiences and assumed-competence was also positively correlated with negative experiences.Study 2 aimed at investigating the relationship between assumed-competence and anger measured using Spielberger's STAXI. Results suggested that individuals with high assumed-competence had higher trait anger than those with low assumed-competence. However, self-esteem inhibited the expression of anger.

著者

金政 祐司 大坊 郁夫

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.11-24, 2003-05-10 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 3

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This study was conducted to help clarify the relationships between the three components of the triangular theory of love (intimacy, passion, and commitment) and several aspects of intimate opposite-sex relationships (among them, behaviors and self-perceptions). In Study 1 (N=449), the Triangular Love Scale (TLS) was translated into Japanese, and the results of factor analysis revealed that several items loaded on more than one factor as found in previous researches. Thus, factor analysis was conducted again while multiple loading items were eliminated, and the results showed that the TLS containing 27 items (TLS27) formed 3 factors, which were in accordance with the theory. The results also revealed that (1) the closer the relationships were, the higher the scores on the TLS27 became, (2) the subjects reporting unrequited love had high scores on passion, as well as (3) high scores on all components of love related to the behavioral aspects of the relationships. The results of Study 2 (N=460) supported the stability of the factor structure of TLS27 obtained in Study 1. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis also supported the multidimensional 3 factor structure of TLS27 rather than a unidimensional structure. In addition, self-perceptions of participant's closest opposite-sex relationships were influenced by intimacy and passion. Especially in the case where intimacy was high, self-perceptions of the relationships were generally positive. Results were discussed in terms of the validity and future perspectives of the triangular theory of love.

著者

大坊 郁夫 村沢 博人 趙 〓珍

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.101-123, 1994-03-31 (Released:2010-01-15)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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" Beauty is in the eye of the beholder ", according to an ancient adage. Faces are evaluated in terms of the personal, physical and social qualities which the target appears to offer the perceiver. Face have a meaningful role in social context. Members of different ethnic groups have very different standards for the perception of facial attractiveness. The general theoretical premise of the study is that the standards for judgement of female facial beauty are essentially cultural in character, but they are also influenced by racial averages of features. On the other hand, evolutionary theory provides a basis for suggesting that some aspects of beauty may not be arbitrary or culturally relative. The perceptions of facial attractiveness may be influenced by neonate, sexually mature, aging, expressive and grooming attributes. These physiognomic cues not only convey information about the target but also arouse emotion in the perceiver. Previous studies in the area of facial beauty have concentrated on responses of European, American people to members of the same culture. But Mongolian have different features with Caucasian. Further, Japanese culture have traditionally desired females to be subservient. The experiment compared judgment of female physical attractiveness made by Japanese and Korean people. A total of 232Japanese students in a college and 238 Korean female students in two colleges, who were shown photo slides of Japanese and Korean females that manipulated in three levels of beauty, rated the attractiveness and likeability of Japanese / Korean by 13 bipolar-adjective items. Thirty - six black and white photographs were presented in the form of 35mm slides ( three poses - front view, profile, and three - quarters ) projected onto a screen. Precise facialmetric assessments of the size of facial features were made by male aesthetic anatomist. These indicies were analyzed by means of some multivariate analysis methods. Positively correlated with beauty ratings were large eyes, small mouth, small chin in Japanese. On the other hand, large eyes, small and high nose, thin and small face correlated positively withbeauty in Korean. Korean attached more importance to cubic view than Japanese. Japanese Ss posessed simple judgement dimensions, while Korean Ss attached more importance to multiple affective dimensions ( beauty, maturity, likeability). Japanese Ss are more discriminant Stimuls Person's beauty levels than Korean Ss. They have different standards of beauty with each other. But, Japanese Ss can not judge SP' ethnicity consciously. In Japan it is important for the maintenance of interpersonal hermony traditionally that people suppress their emotion and do not appraise physical beauty publicly.

著者

佐藤 德

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.71-80, 2012

被引用文献数

4

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Writing about traumatic, stressful, or emotional events is known to result in improvements in physical and psychological health. What are the mechanisms that underlie these health benefits? In the present study, undergraduates (n=55) were asked to write about (a) the same traumatic experience, (b) different traumatic experiences, or (c) non-traumatic everyday events, during 3 written disclosure sessions. Results indicated that participants who wrote about the same traumatic experience reported significant reductions in respiratory and neurological symptoms at follow-up assessments compared with the other participants. Moreover, cognitive restructuring contributed to the alleviation of depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms only when participants wrote about the same traumatic experience. Cognitive restructuring did not have a significant beneficial effect on physical symptoms. These findings suggest that habituation underlies the beneficial effects of expressive writing on physical health, and that habituation is necessary for cognitive restructuring to be effective on psychological health.

著者

中村 晃 相良 陽一郎

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.72-79, 2014

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This study investigated the difference of impression between live and recorded music. University students (<i>N</i>=205) were requested to complete a questionnaire including scales of mood, affective value of music and evaluation toward the music after listening live and recorded piano music. The results suggested that live stimulative music maintained high level of active feelings and live sedative music increased relax feelings compared to recorded music. In addition, compared to recorded music, live music induced less feeling of fatigue. Moreover live music was preferred and appreciated compared to recorded music though no significant difference was observed between live and recorded music in terms of "brightness" and "speed", which are the subscales of affective value of music.

著者

中野 良樹 畑山 俊輝 菊池 晶夫

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.44-54, 1997-03-30 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

---

This study examined effects of hedonic tones produced by odor stimuli on human mental performance. Thirty subjects were equally assigned to one of three olfactory stimulus groups: a control group with blank air, a Rose and a Ylang-ylang scented air group. From a preliminary study, we selected the latter as an unpleasant odor stimulus. The subjects of a different group received a different olfactory stimulus into a their nostril while they performed an audio-visual dual task. In this task the subjects were required to discriminate the difference in duration of a tone stimulus and to press a right hand key when they found the tone shorter. Engaging in this performance they had to attend to a red light rested in front of them and to press a left hand key when the light was turned off. For this visual performance the subjects of the Ylangylang group improved the detection of the signals in the first odor block. For the auditory performance, however, they made more errors than those of other groups. These results suggested that whiffs of an unpleasant odor would enhance detectability of the visual signal, but inhibit cognitive processes associated with discrimination in the dual task performance.

著者

佐藤 香

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.71-79, 1996-03-31 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

14

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of intention in other members' defecting behavior on emotional states and decision in a social dilemma. People may appraise circumstances differently depending on what causes an undesirable event such as inequity of outcomes in a social dilemma. Thus, they may behave differently to cope with the situation. It is hypothesized that the causal attribution of inequity to intentional defection will arouse negative feeling states more strongly and promote defection. On the other hand, such tendency may not be so salient in cases where inequity is due to a system or the structure which they are in. Perceived inequity and intention was manipulated by defecting behaviorof a bogus member created through a computer program. In the experiment, all subjects were in the underprivileded status and were asked how much he/she contribute for the common good on each trial. The results supported the predictions.

著者

中田 栄 塩見 邦雄

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.83-93, 1999-03-31 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3 2

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The purpose of this study was to identify the factors of self-regulation and self-efficacy through factor analyses conducted on elementary school children The relationships among these factors were also investigated via multiple regression. The subjects were 1312 (678 boys and 634 girls) Japanese children from the 3rd to 6th grade of elementary school. Factor analysis yielded four factors of self-regulation, labeled Permissiveness, Self-disclosure, Decision-making, and Uniqueness. In addition two factors of self-efficacy were found, labeled as Perceived Self-Efficacy and Judgement of Ability based on prior achievement. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences on each of the six factor scores as a function of Sex, Grade and their Interaction. In addition, Multiple Regression was used to predict each of the four Self-Regulation scores from Sex, Grade, and the two Self-Efficacy Scores. ANOVA results show effects for Grade but not Sex. Multiple Regression showed that the first three Self-Regulation scores were predicted by each of the Self-Efficacy factors. However, the fourth Self Regulation score was only predicted by the Judgment of Ability factor. Finally, the interactions among factors based on multiple regression were discussed.

著者

竹原 卓真

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.31-39, 2002-05-25 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

59

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After Darwin, a large number of studies on recognition of facial expressions of emotions have been carried out and some important models have been proposed. In such early studies by Feleky, Langfeld and others, the experimental paradigm itself had a serious problem. Pointing out the problem of those studies, Woodworth proposed his own model, and then, Schlosberg expanded Woodworth's model into a dimensional model for recognition of facial expressions of emotions. Since then, many studies confirmed the idea of the dimensional model, and recently, Russell proposed a circumplex model of affect. In contrast, Ekman and his colleagues developed a categorical model of facial expression based on their cross-cultural studies. This categorical model and the dimensional model offer different views of emotion and have been heated debates between them. Recently, Takehara and his colleagues found out a fractal structure in the recognition of facial expressions of emotions. The concept of fractal is novel in psychology and seems to offer an important addition to the research on recognition of facial expressions of emotions. In this article, I survey models for facial expressions of emotions and discuss in particular the importance of the fractal model.

著者

荒川 歩 鈴木 直人

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.56-64, 2004-01-31 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

16 11

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Categorical theory (e. g. Ekman, 1971) and dimensional theory (e. g. Russell, 1980) are popularly used to describe feelings and emotions. However these two theories have been largely ignored in gesture studies. One reason appears to be that the research has been based on of facial expressions and words, as such as not been applied to other studies.This research examined the relationships between feelings and hand movements. 106 students (53 pairs) participated in the experiment, where they talked to each other about various emotional themes, and then filled in questionnaires on their feelings. Their conversations were videotaped. The cumulative duration of self-adaptors and gestures, as well as the velocity, size, smoothness and accent of the gestures was rated by 3 coders. The results indicated that some feelings do have an affect on self-adaptors and gestures, while other feelings, however, were different that the theoretical underpinnings would have suggested.

著者

佐伯 素子

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.65-72, 2004-11-30 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

20

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This study examined how the emotional awareness affected the image characterized by mother's emotional acceptance. 110 subjects (female undergraduates) were asked to complete the questionnaire about the emotional awareness task and the task designed to assess the image to be generated by mother's emotional acceptance. With the emotional awareness task, the subjects described their anticipated feelings and also indicated the feelings shown by the other persons in ten vignettes: five vignettes to elicit positive feelings and another five vignettes to elicit negative feelings. Further, the subjects described their mother's responses in three vignettes to assess the image of mother's emotional acceptance. ANOVA yielded a significant effect of the image characterized by mother's emotional acceptance on the subject's own emotional awareness, especially for negative feelings. Consequently, this study has found that the mother's emotional acceptance allows the adolescents to be aware of their own feelings. However, additional studies are necessary in order to find out whether other subjects such as males and various age groups would produce the results similar to those by the female adolescents in this study.

著者

薊 理津子

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.49-64, 2008

被引用文献数

4

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In previous studies, emotions of shame and guilt were considered to be similar; however, recent empirical studies show that they are clearly different. In other words, shame is maladaptive whereas guilt is adaptive. In this paper, the author reviews recent studies on shame and guilt. The paper includes characteristics and functions of shame and guilt, measurement methods, antecedent factors such situation and cognition, and cross-cultural research. In addition, the future applications of studies on shame and guilt are discussed from the following two perspectives. The first is moral education, which is based on the assumption that anticipated shame and guilt deter deviant behavior. The second is humiliation. Recent findings employing clinical studies indicate that shame is linked to narcissism and domestic violence. Humiliation has been discussed as a theme relevant to shame and violence, and is important in interpersonal relationships and social problems. Therefore, further studies regarding humiliation are suggested.

著者

神谷 俊次

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.60-74, 2002

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The purpose of this study was to explore whether elaborative processing is sufficient to explain enhanced memory associated with emotion. Two experiments were conducted using events depicted in slides and captions. Participants rated each slide for emotional content on a 5-point scale. Immediately after a series of slides, participants received an on-the-spot yes-no recognition memory test about the contents of the slides. Memory for the slide material was assessed in terms of central gist, general details, and peripheral information. In Experiment 1, 54 undergraduates (42 female, 12 male) watched either an emotional or a control version of the same event that differed in one critical slide. Participants who saw the emotional version, which depicted a man looking at a "nudie" magazine, participants were less able to recall the central details than those who saw a control version, a man looking at a nude in an oil painting. Recognition of central gist was very high in every condition, and there were no significant differences among conditions with respect to this variable.<BR>Experiment 2 was quite similar to Experiment 1, with 32 undergraduates (21 female, 11 male). Participants in the experimental group watched an emotional slide -a man looking at a "nudie" magazine photograph, whereas those in the control group watched a neutral slide -a man looking at the same nude, but now wearing underwear. Recognition memory for general details was poorer in the emotional version than in the neutral version. Consistent with a schema-based expectation, participants presented with the emotional slide showed a higher rate of false recognition on a face recognition test, compared to participants presented with the neutral slide. Findings suggest that elaboration is insufficient to explain the enhancing effects of emotion on memory. Results were discussed in terms of schemata in processing information.

著者

市川 周平 岩永 誠

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, 2011

著者

菊地 史倫 佐藤 拓 阿部 恒之 仁平 義明

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.220-228, 2009

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We investigated how the costs and benefits of telling a lie affect a person who is lying in an attempt to avoid punishment. One hundred and sixty-eight college students were asked to read three scenarios in which the protagonist gave an excuse for arriving late to an appointment. Excuses given for arriving late were: an incredible lie (a lie invoking an unlikely event as an excuse), a credible lie (a lie invoking a plausible event as an excuse), and the truth. Participants then rated the perceived degree of benefit (forgiveness and impression) and the behavioral and emotional costs associated with each excuse, and finally chose the "best" excuse for avoiding punishment. The incredible lie was ranked highest in terms of costs and benefits, the credible lie received moderate ranking, and the truth received the lowest ranking. Participants tended to choose the credible lie, ranked moderately in terms of costs and benefits, as the "best" excuse. The results suggest that people do not act to maximize benefit but rather to avoid high cost when making an excuse to avoid punishment.

著者

伊藤 直 村田 彩 松見 淳子

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.52-59, 2012

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This study used a diary method and investigated the relationship between self-reports of depressive symptoms, and engagement in "pleasant and unpleasant activities" as well as affective reactions to these activities in Japanese undergraduate students. First, participants (<i>N</i>=121) monitored, for one day, whether they experienced each activity that was included in "the Scale of Life Events in Interpersonal and Achievement Domains for Undergraduate Students" (Takahira, 1998) and rated the degree of affective reactions to each activity. Participants also responded to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Result revealed individual differences in the level of positive and negative affects following experienced activities. Second, based on the BDI scores, we selected depressed (<i>n</i>=34) and nondepressed (<i>n</i>=34) groups of students. Pleasant and unpleasant activities were respectively defined as those activities that individuals rated and followed by positive or negative affect evaluations. Result showed that the depressed group reported significantly less pleasant activities, more unpleasant activities, and a higher level of negative affect following experienced activities. The two groups did not differ significantly in the levels of positive affects. These results demonstrate the importance of conducting an accurate assessment of specific daily activities and associated affects in understanding depression.

著者

綾部 早穂

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.73-78, 2005-09-30 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

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Many researchers have historically shied away from psychological experiments with olfactory stimuli on account of their lack of ability to tackle the handling of odor substances. This article introduced various methods of presenting odor-stimuli in psychological experiments. From the highly skillful methods to control the chemical and physical properties of odorants by use of an expensive olfactometer to the simple method of arranging everyday-materials sold in the supermarket, explanations of various methods used in olfactory research were offered. Methods to carry out experiments using olfactometers, odor-jars, odor paper-strips, odor-bags, squeeze bottles and other tools, were described in detail.

著者

野田 理世 吉田 俊和

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.1-2, 2006-03-30 (Released:2009-05-26)

参考文献数

26

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This study examined the effect of mood on spontaneous and online impression formation when personal information was encountered. In an experiment (N=72), a time constraint was imposed in judging to assure that participants were forming spontaneous impression in encoding. The results showed a greater mood effect was found under limited time conditions as compared to non-limited time conditions, when the inputted individual information was highly related to the trait to be evaluated. On the other hand, the impression was not affected by mood regardless of time constraints, when the inputted individual information was less related to the trait to be evaluated. The implications of the results, when the inputted information was directly useful, were that the initial spontaneous impression affected by mood was utilized to form final judgments. However, the implication of the results, when the inputted information was of little use, it was difficult for participants to utilize the initial spontaneous impressions in forming final judgments, even if the initial impression was affected by mood. Therefore participants rated the stimulus person neutrally because they could not clearly does.

著者

有光 興記

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.23-30, 2002-05-25 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2 3

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This paper has focused first on how remarkably research on emotion and mood with questionnaire had contributed to give evidence for Darwin's theory, cognitive appraisal theory, and social constructivists' view. The second purpose of this paper was to review a variety of paper-pencil methods (e. g. open ended question, rating scale method), and show what methods are needed to research emotional experiences, state, and trait. Finally, the future direction of questionnaires about emotion and mood was discussed. It was suggested that the questionnaires available in a clinical situation would be constructed and used more to verify the theories of maladaptive emotions, and researchers should show which the existing questionnaires had more reliability and validity than others.

著者

樋口 匡貴

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.112-120, 2002-10-30 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4 2

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This study had two purposes; first, to examine the causal relationships between the four factors of embarrassment, i. e., 'apprehension of social evaluation', 'inconsistency with self image', 'disruption of social interaction', and 'loss of self-esteem', and second, to clarify the mediating mechanisms underlying the six subcategories of emotions that comprise embarrassment. Two hundred and eighty-eight university students were presented with "Public" or "Private" embarrassing situations, and were asked to rate 12 items related to the four factors of embarrassment, and 17 items measuring the six subcategories of embarrassment. Covariance structure analysis was conducted to examine the relationship of the four factors of embarrassment, and to clarify the mediating mechanisms of the each subcategory of embarrassment. Results suggested that the four factors of embarrassment were causally related. Furthermore, it was found that the "loss of self-esteem" affected each subcategory of embarrassment in intensity, and all four factors directly and/or indirectly affected the six subcategories of embarrassment in a sequential process.