著者

白木沢 旭児

出版者

福井県文書館

雑誌

福井県文書館研究紀要 (ISSN:13492160)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.1-20, 2008-03-28

著者

巽 由樹子

出版者

北海道大学スラブ研究センター

雑誌

スラヴ研究 (ISSN:05626579)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.249-272, 2008

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In Russia, the printing press began to develop rapidly during the era of the Great Reforms under the reign of Aleksandr II (1855-1881). At the same time, readership expanded, implying not only a rise in the number of readers but also a change in the readership structure. A. I. Reitblat analyzed this changing readership structure in his Ot Bovy k Bal'montu (Moscow, 1991), in which he divided readers into three groups: (1) intellectual readers (scholars, students, and intelligentsia) who read voluminous academic journals and polite literature; (2) semi-intellectual readers (merchants, middle and lower class officials, servants, intellectual workers, etc.) who read illustrated journals and popular novels; and (3) village readers (peasants and migrant workers) who read religious books, educational pamphlets, and lubki (booklets with illustrations and short texts on wood blocks or copper plates). His study provides important insight, particularly related to the inadequately studied Russian readership in the second half of the nineteenth century. However, his study has two shortcomings: One is that his scheme is too static to demonstrate the emergence of new readers and the accompanying change in the readership structure, and the other is that he relates each group of readers to one particular printing medium too clearly. This paper aims to resolve these problems and further explore the readership analysis of the period after the Great Reforms. For this purpose, we will examine Russian public libraries, one of the main institutions through which books were circulated in those days. First, we will examine the history and environment of Russian public libraries. The process of the establishment of libraries in the Russian Empire comprised three phases: (1) gubernskie publichnye biblioteki (provincial public libraries) in the 1830s and 1840s, (2) obshchestvennye or gorodskie biblioteki (society libraries or city libraries) in the period 1860-1890, and (3) narodnye biblioteki (libraries for the common people) in the 1890s. Geographically, the public libraries were spread across provincial cities (gubernskie goroda) in the 1830s and 1840s, county towns (uezdnye goroda) in the period 1860-1890, and to villages in the 1890s. However, they served as information repositories only for Russian users. Studying public libraries provides us with useful material for solving the two problems mentioned above. The first point concerns the social ranks of readers. They were recorded in the libraries' annual reports and provide us with the following concrete evidence on the process of the expansion of readership: The small group of the nobility and clergy in the 1830s and 1840s expanded to encompass merchants and townspeople in the period 1860-1890, and further to include peasants and workers in the 1890s. Second, we examine the emergence of various readers' groups. Library reports proved that new reading practices such as "light reading" and reading popular novels and illustrated journals appeared after the era of the Great Reforms. Librarians contrasted these practices with those of "serious reading" and reading polite literature and voluminous academic journals. The reports indicated that none of the readers' groups were directly related to a particular medium; instead, readers from various social ranks gradually made a transition from serious reading to light reading. We conclude that in the second half of the nineteenth century, reading in Russia was not limited only to the privileged classes, as is evident from the changing readership structure. Moreover, in the words of J. Habermas, we can consider the readers with new reading habits as "a culture-consuming public." Thus, it can be concluded that the expansion of readership is one of the important phenomena that occurred during the change of the social structure in nineteenth-century Russia.

著者

谷田 博幸

出版者

滋賀大学

雑誌

しがだい:滋賀大学広報誌

巻号頁・発行日

no.第30号, pp.35-35, 2009-07 (Released:2009-08-27)

著者

安野 眞幸

出版者

弘前大学教養部

雑誌

文化紀要 (ISSN:04408624)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.1-40, 1990-03-20

著者

小野 芳朗

出版者

土木学会

雑誌

土木史研究講演集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.47-52, 2009

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御所用水は京都盆地北部の上賀茂神社が水利権を有していた京都盆地流入の淡水用水路群のうち、小山郷を灌漑し、御所の御庭用水や防火用水であった。明治維新以降、水量・水質的に確保の難しくなった用水を天皇の故郷、京都御所の防火のため、琵琶湖疏水を引水する。疏水の当初計画の北上ラインの目標は御所用水であった。本論では、この用水が京都御所・御苑のみならず、元治の蛤御門の変で焼失した上京の防火をも意図していたことを資料的に明らかにした。

著者

若松 昭子 ワカマツ アキコ

雑誌

聖学院大学論叢

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第18巻, no.第3号, 2006-03

著者

末永 高康 SUENAGA Takayasu

出版者

社団法人国立大学協会九州地区支部 九州地区国立大学間の連携に係る企画委員会 リポジトリ部会・編集委員会

雑誌

研究論文集-教育系・文系の九州地区国立大学間連携論文集 (ISSN:18828728)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, 2008-09

著者

上野平 真希 ウエノヒラ マキ Uenohira Maki

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

東光原 : 熊本大学附属図書館報 = Kumamoto University Library bulletin

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.6-9, 2009-07

著者

高橋 忠彦 高橋 久子 タカハシ タダヒコ タカハシ ヒサコ TAKAHASHI Tadahiko TAKAHASHI Hisako 高橋 忠彦(東京学芸大学中国古典学) 高橋 久子(東京学芸大学日本語・日本文学) TAKAHASHI Tadahiko (Department of Chinese Classics) TAKAHASHI Hisako(Department of Japanese Language)

出版者

東京学芸大学紀要出版委員会

雑誌

東京学芸大学紀要. 人文社会科学系. I (ISSN:18804314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.331-361, 2009-01-30

著者

正木 佐枝子

出版者

九州大学中国文学会

雑誌

中国文学論集 (ISSN:02863715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.31-47, 1998-12-25 (Released:2009-06-16)

著者

安次富 哲雄 Ashitomi Tetsuo

出版者

琉球大学法文学部

雑誌

琉大法学 (ISSN:04857763)

巻号頁・発行日

no.71, pp.47-71, 2004-03

著者

青木 則幸

出版者

早稲田大学法学会

雑誌

早稲田法学会誌 = The Waseda Law Journal (Waseda Hougakukaishi) (ISSN:05111951)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.1-52, 2001-03-25 (Released:2016-11-22)

著者

久木 幸男

出版者

横浜国立大学

雑誌

横浜国立大学教育紀要 (ISSN:05135656)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.102-118, 1978-11-30 (Released:2016-09-15)