著者

小路田 泰直 住友 陽文 小関 素明 岡田 知弘 小林 啓治 白木沢 旭児 澤 佳成 荒木田 岳 立石 雅昭 原田 政美 川瀬 光義 布川 弘 竹永 三男 張 貞旭 鬼嶋 淳 八木 正 西谷地 晴美

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2012-04-01

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2011年3月11日の東日本大震災につづいて生じた原子力発電所の深刻な事故は、戦後、日本政治が長く取り組んできた原子力政策を頓挫させる、歴史的にきわめて重大な事件だった。この事件につながった原子力政策の歴史を解明することが、われわれの研究課題であった。原子力政策が保守派および革新派の合同プロジェクトとして、暗黙の合意を得てはじまったこと、またそれにもとづいて55年体制が形成されたことが、明らかにされた。すなわち、日本の戦後政治において、原子力政策は、たんなる電源開発にとどまらない、きわめて重大な政治的意義をもっていたことが解明されたのである。

著者

白木沢 旭児

出版者

日本農業史学会

雑誌

農業史研究 (ISSN:13475614)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.10-20, 2002 (Released:2017-03-24)

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The purpose of this article is to explain the reason of the fixation of the food import in postwar Japan. Japanese government examined to import rice from Korea under the food shortage after the war. But it was not realized. Instead, wheat, barley and foreign rice were imported from America, Canada, Australia, South East Asia and many other countries. It was difficult to import the rice from the same country every year. The world price of rice was higher than domestic price, so that government bore the cost for selling cheap price. Japan had to trade under the shortage of foreign money, especially dollar. The pattern of the food consumption in postwar Japan was in succession to trend of the increase of animal protein and side dish in prewar Japan. But wheat and barley made up rice shortage and animal protein and fat made up the staple food in postwar. Japanese government dicided the change from foreign rice import to wheat import, because it meant to save on foreign money, to go into the black of the food control account, to improve Japanese people's nutrition. When many wheats turned out to be surplus, America attempted to deal with them by Article 550 of Mutual Saving Act and PL480. The negotiation for the surplus agricultural products between Japan and America determined to increase wheat import instead of foreign rice import. But Japanese government and people thought that food, even the stock-breeding products and feeds, had to support themselves at that time. Japan substituted wheat, barley and foreign rice for Korean rice after the war. After that, Japan substituted wheat for foreign rice in the 1950's. That is why Japanese extent of dependence of food supply didn't change from preawar era to postwar era.

著者

白木沢 旭児

出版者

日本農業史学会

雑誌

農業史研究 (ISSN:13475614)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.10-20, 2002

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The purpose of this article is to explain the reason of the fixation of the food import in postwar Japan. Japanese government examined to import rice from Korea under the food shortage after the war. But it was not realized. Instead, wheat, barley and foreign rice were imported from America, Canada, Australia, South East Asia and many other countries. It was difficult to import the rice from the same country every year. The world price of rice was higher than domestic price, so that government bore the cost for selling cheap price. Japan had to trade under the shortage of foreign money, especially dollar. The pattern of the food consumption in postwar Japan was in succession to trend of the increase of animal protein and side dish in prewar Japan. But wheat and barley made up rice shortage and animal protein and fat made up the staple food in postwar. Japanese government dicided the change from foreign rice import to wheat import, because it meant to save on foreign money, to go into the black of the food control account, to improve Japanese people's nutrition. When many wheats turned out to be surplus, America attempted to deal with them by Article 550 of Mutual Saving Act and PL480. The negotiation for the surplus agricultural products between Japan and America determined to increase wheat import instead of foreign rice import. But Japanese government and people thought that food, even the stock-breeding products and feeds, had to support themselves at that time. Japan substituted wheat, barley and foreign rice for Korean rice after the war. After that, Japan substituted wheat for foreign rice in the 1950's. That is why Japanese extent of dependence of food supply didn't change from preawar era to postwar era.

著者

野田 公夫 足立 泰紀 足立 芳宏 伊藤 淳史 大田 伊久雄 岡田 知弘 坂根 嘉弘 白木沢 旭児

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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1930年代日本において、経済的価値を生み出す源として「資源」という言葉がクローズアップされたが、とくに戦争準備の過程に強く規定されたところに大きな特徴があった。農林業は持続性を犠牲にして戦争に総動員されるとともに、工業原料にめぐまれない日本では「あらゆる農産物の軍需資源化」という特異な事態をうんだ。これは、アメリカはもちろん、同じ敗戦国であるドイツとも異なる現象であり、当時の日本経済が巨大寡占企業を生み出しながら就業人口の半ばを農業が占める農業国家であるという奇形的構造をとっていたことの反映であると考えられる。

著者

白木沢 旭児

出版者

日本史研究会

雑誌

日本史研究 (ISSN:03868850)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.668, pp.70-76, 2018 (Released:2022-04-30)

著者

白木沢 旭児

出版者

土地制度史学会(現 政治経済学・経済史学会)

雑誌

土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.18-32, 1993-10-20 (Released:2017-12-30)

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The purpose of this paper is the examination of export control and import control, which intend to keep the balance of trade by means of increase of the trade. I attempt to research into Japanese wool industry for the purpose of making clear why this control of export and import failed. The wool spinning industry and the woolen textile industry succeeded in import substitution in the latter 1920's. The part of the woolen textile was exported in 1930's. But the profits of wool industry companies were subject to wide fluctuations. Because these companies desperately competed and they depended on Australian wool greatly. The cartel, Japanese Wool Industry Association reduced operation frequently. But the opposition between companies specializing in woolen yarn and companies pursuing woolen textile was hard, so that Japanese Wool Industry Association could not control the prices of wool yarn. The consul residing in South Africa Federation sujested to buy South African wool in order to keep the balance of trade between Japan and South Africa Federation. The purchase of South African wool coincided with the request of Japanese export industries. They compensated comparatively high-priced wool of South Africa. They commended the purchase of South African wool as the regulation of imbalance of trade. But wool industry took part in the purchase charged little margin. When the dispute between Australia and Japan was occured in 1936, wool industry controled import of wool and stopped dependence on Australian wool. On the other hand, they intended to keep the share of each company. The operation of the Commerce Protection Act had no effect. When the dispute between Australia and Japan was over, the excess of imports became clear in Japan. It is impossible to keep the balance of trade by means of increase of the import from other countries. The trade control for the purpose of magnification and balance of trade came to the end, the raw materials policy turned from diversification of suppliers into self-sufficiency.

著者

白木沢 旭児

出版者

日本農業史学会

雑誌

農業史研究 (ISSN:13475614)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.29-39, 2014

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A purpose of this report is primarily to consider agro-politics in the North China in the Japan-China War period. Second this report considers how the Japanese side occupation authorities held a farm village. Third it is to clarify the characteristic of the North China farm village in this time. The following things became clear in this report. The Japanese occupation authorities recognized that the food increase in production contradicted the raw cotton increase in production mutually. The occupation authorities devised the plan of the provisionment according to the area, they forced that the farmer delivered farm products to side power of Japan. However, it was shown that supplies outflow case of 3 districts each other, that is to say, Japanese occupation district, the Chinese Nationalist Party rule district, and the Chinese Communist Party rule district. Therefore, the delivery plan and the distribution plan of the Japanese side were not necessarily carried out. As a result of agriculture survey by Shangdong farm village, the following things became clear. The farmer of Shangdong needed cash income to include an another job income and purchased food by the money. That is why the most important task of the North China agriculture was increasing of the production and to meet the cash demand of the farmer.

著者

白木沢 旭児

出版者

政治経済学・経済史学会

雑誌

歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.31-39, 2010-04-30 (Released:2017-08-30)

参考文献数

43

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This paper first considers whether the controlled economy in the first half of the 1930s was directly connected with the controlled economy of wartime Japan, and second, aims to clarify the meaning of the terms "modification of capitalism" and "reorganization of capitalism". Regarding the first point, in the first half of the 1930s it was thought that a controlled economy and market monopolization were almost the same thing. However, the evils of monopolization were well recognized after economic recovery from the Great Depression, such that the view of the controlled economy as monopolization came to be criticized. Moreover, confrontation between vocational organizations intensified in the first half of the 1930s. Although control regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises existed, for example, in the form of industrial guilds, this was not available to major companies. This problem was solved at last by the 1940 Key-Industries Association Act. Concerning the second point, in the first half of the 1930s, correction of capitalism meant the abolition of laissez-faire capitalism. On the other hand, profit control at companies aiming at low prices was asserted late in the 1930s, and companies were expected not just to pursue profit, but also to work for the improvement of the public good. However, profit controls were not instituted, and bureaucrats who tried to do so in earnest were arrested. As such, controlled economy theory came to have no meaning. In contrast, I term the theory of controlled economy which prospered in 1940s Japan the Japanese-principle controlled economy theory. Controlled economy theory and profit control was not inherited in the postwar period. Consequently, it is suggested that the theory of the controlled economy was different in each of the prewar, wartime and postwar periods. Future research will focus on postwar vocational organizations and control organizations, such as industrial guilds, which continued in existence from the prewar into the postwar period.

著者

寺林伸明 白木沢旭児 劉含発編著

出版者

中西印刷

巻号頁・発行日

2013

著者

野田 公夫 足立 泰紀 足立 芳宏 伊藤 淳史 大田 伊久雄 岡田 知弘 坂根 嘉弘 白木沢 旭児

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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1930 年代の日本では「資源」という言葉が急浮上した。そして「あるもの」ではなく「作ることができるもの」という側面が過剰に強調されただけでなく、人すらその対象に加わえられた(人的資源)。これは、ドイツにもアメリカにもない特異な現象であり、物質的豊かさに恵まれない日本が総力戦体制に立ち向かうための重要なレトリックであった。本研究では、総力戦体制期の農林資源開発に関する、日・独・米三国の比較史的研究をおこなった。

著者

白木沢 旭児

出版者

福井県文書館

雑誌

福井県文書館研究紀要 (ISSN:13492160)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.1-20, 2008-03-28