著者
團 琢磨
出版者
島根大学
雑誌
島根大学論集 (教育科学)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.30-39, 1962-03-15

New Leisure或はMass Leisureとかいわれるように,レジャーをめぐっての間題が最近大きくとりあげられるようになってきた。1959年秋の英国の総選拳では、保守、労働両党は政治,経済,外交政策とともに「余暇(レジャー)」についての宣伝戦をはなばなしく展開して注目をひいた。わが国においても、今日的余暇状況についてその問題意識はようやく成熟しつつあるとみてよい。しかし,レジャーの問題をめぐって大衆娯楽が研究の対象としてとりあげられるようになったのは新しいことではない。たしかに,大衆娯楽という概念で研究されるようになったのは大正中期以後のことである。13; 大衆娯楽,レクリェーションがどのような過程をへて今日めように発展してきたか,それに関する研究の動向や論壇の思潮がどんなものであったか,そのあとすけをすることによって現代的課題を探究することも大切である。小論では,わが国においてレジャーに関する文献にはどんなものがあり,その中でレジャーをめぐって娯楽,レクリェーションの問題をどのような視角からとりあげているかを分析することにした。13; わが国における大衆娯楽,レクリエーション研究は今日にいたるまでの歴史があったことは見逃せないが,その多くは娯楽的側面に比重がかけられ,それが断続的な姿をとりながら今日に至っているといえよう。戦後,大衆娯楽,レクリエーションは学問のアバンギャルド領域として活発な研究がなされるようになってきているが,今目の状況はなお問題提起の段階にあるとみてよかろう。研究の流れとしてこれを年代的に見たばあい,大まかに三つの時期が指摘できる。すなわち,大正9年頃から昭和6年に至る民衆娯楽論の時期,満州事変勃発から第二次大戦に至る戦時協力娯楽論の時期,第二弐大戦後から今日に至る大衆娯楽,レクリェーション論の時期である。13; 第一期は,第一次大戦を契機と.して独占資本の成熟にともなう郡市化現象の肥大を背景として,映画に代表される新興民衆娯楽が大きくおこってくるが,これの肯定,否定が中心的な問題としてとりあげられ,ついで都市娯楽の繁栄と対比させて貧困な農村娯楽の問題に焦点が移った時期である。第二期は,満州事変以後時局の潮流にそって「国民精神作興」,「勤労文化の確立」の一環として,戦争協力のかけごえに統合された娯楽が論じられた時期である。第三期は,大衆娯楽,レクリェーション論の時期である。戦後間もなくこの方面の研究が活発となってきたが,これにはレクリエーション運動の高まり,マス・メデァ研究の活発化が作用したのであった。
著者
師 茂樹
出版者
日本印度学仏教学会
雑誌
印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.1, pp.1-9, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-01-11)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
5

According to his stūpa inscription (Tang Chanzhisi gu dade fashi Chongjun ta ming bing xu唐禅智寺故大徳法師崇俊塔銘并序; Based on the glass dry plates of Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties), Chongjun (696–760) of the Chanzhisi temple in Yang province learned Yogācāra, Buddhist logic, the Lotus sūtra and Nirvāna sūtra from Zhizhou 智周,and traveled to Tufan 吐蕃 or Tibet. Faqing (or Faxiang), his immediate disciple, a Buddhist layman, responded to a Tōketsu 唐決 (Questions to the Chinese Buddhists) brought by Japanese monk Tokushō 徳清,according to Zōshun’s 蔵俊 Inmyō daisho shō 因明大疏抄 and Gen’ei’s 玄叡 Daijō sanron daigishō 大乗三論大義鈔.Although it is said that there was no doctrinal development of Chinese Yogācāra after Zhizhou, we can see the international interactions between the Chinese Yogācāra school and the surrounding areas in the 8th century.
著者
福田 学
出版者
教育哲学会
雑誌
教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2007, no.96, pp.80-96, 2007-11-10 (Released:2010-05-07)
参考文献数
24

Étant donné que la théorie de l'écriture chez Derrida est fondée sur des études minutieuses relatives à la parole individuelle et au langage concret, elle comprend une vision importante pour les recherches sur l'enseignement de la langue. Cependant, dans les recherches relatives à la pédagogie, la philosophie de Derrida est le plus souvent envisagée sous un éclairage politique ou social en rapport avec la «déconstruction» et est rarement considérée comme une théorie ayant un lien étroitavec les questions concrètes de l'enseignement et les problémes de l'éducation. Cet article envisage donc de démontrer que la theorie de l'écriture chez Derrida peut grandement contribuer aux recherches sur la pratique de l'enseignement.Pour ce faire, j'examine tout d'abord, en me référant à la notion de «représentation», les critiques que Derrida adresse à la linguistique de Saussure, linguistique qu'il qualifie en effet de métaphysique typique qui sous-estime l'écriture. J'éclaircis ensuite trois prédicats essentiels de l'écriture selon Derrida, puis l'approche du langagepropre à ce dernier qui considère la parole comme une «origine» où s'impriment les différences. Enfin, je mets en évidence, en apportant une réflexion sur des situations typiques de l'étude avec le langage écrit selon la théorie de l'écriture chez Derrida, que les idées de celui-ci ont des liens étroits avec des actes et des faits tels que la recherche de l'exactitude, la substitution des choses ainsi que la dissociation entre sujet scolaire et contexte social, actes et faits qui ressortent des situations d'apprentissage linguistique et qui sont couramment constatés dans les pratiques éducatives générales.
著者
有吉 眞理子 白川 昌宏
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会
雑誌
生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.3, pp.124-127, 2011 (Released:2011-05-25)
参考文献数
19

DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic mark that enables the tissue-specific gene expression accompanied by modulation of chromatin structure. Interpretation and maintenance of DNA methylation pattern on genome are crucial for a wide range of biological processes such as genomic imprinting, embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. Recent crystallographic studies of methylated DNA binding proteins have provided a new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic regulation. This review focuses on a structure basis for strict recognition of the methylation status of the CpG site by DNA binding domains in MBD family proteins and UHRF1.
著者
久保 靖 山口 悟郎 笠原 晃明
出版者
公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.862, pp.183-192, 1967-06-01
被引用文献数
1

In relation to three hydrated phases which were obtained by the reactions between the water vapor and the solid phases of nepheline=carnegieite compositions in the foregoing paper, attempts were made to establish a correlation between the structure of the starting solid and the product with a hope that the structure of the starting solid might be inherited to the product. Dehydration experiments of the products were carried out also in relation to clarifying their structural relationships.<br>X-ray powder diffractions of the nepheline hydrate I and the species Y obtained in the previousp aper and of the nepheline hydrate II which is of a low-water type closely relating to these hydrates and obtained by hydrothermal reaction after Barrer's method, were examined and are listed in Table 3-6. All these patterns can be tentatively indexed based on orthorhombic cells which are shown in the tables and also summarized in Table 7. Indexing was made by trial and error based on the available electron diffraction patterns. Some discrepancies, however, are still observed, which may suggest that dehydration occurs to some extent under high vacuum and also by electron bombardment during the electron optical observation.<br>The high temperature X-ray diffraction patterns and thermal analysis curves are illustrated in Fig. 1-8 for the nepheline hydrate I, the species Y, and the hydroxy-sodalite of the present experiments and for a nepheline hydrate II. It seems that in the former three species, some lattice distortion takes place upon partial dehydration as shown by the splitting of the diffraction peaks. The original structure, however, is nearly resumed by further dehydration and eventually goes to a nepheline structure. At the final stage of dehydration double exothermic effects in D. T. A. curves are characteristic for all of these three hydrated phases, which seems to be due to complicated transformation processes including the formation of intermediate sodium aluminosilicate phases. As compared with these, the thermal change of nepheline hydrate II is so simple that dehydration brings about the direct formation of nepheline structure as low as at 600°C. Though little can be said of the actual structures of these phases at present, close relationships between the original solid phase and hydrated product can be demonstrated by a comparison between the lattice parameters as illustrated in Fig. 13 and 15. The lattice dimensions suggest that the structural units of aluminosilicate as illustrated in Fig. 14 are inherited throughout the hydrothermal processes.
著者
久保 靖 山口 悟郎 笠原 晃明
出版者
公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.861, pp.140-146, 1967-05-01

Differing from the previous studies by various investigators, the present research concerns with the formation of hydrated sodium aluminosilicates by the water vapor-solid reactions. Sodium aluminosilicate phases, amorphous or crystalline with nepheline-carnegieite compositions, which were obtained by heating the mixtures, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>⋅2SiO<sub>2</sub>⋅2H<sub>2</sub>O(kaolinite)+<i>a</i>Na<sub>2</sub>⋅CO<sub>3</sub>(<i>a</i>=1.00-2.00), up to various temperatures below 1300°C, were used as the starting solids. A silver capsule was filled with the starting solid and suspended above the liquid water in a Moley-type autoclave (Fig. 1). The bottom of the capsule was not sealed to allow the water vapor to penetrate into the capsule. The saturated water vapor pressure within the autoclave at 310°C is 100kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. This condition was used throughout the present experiments. Under this condition, the reaction may well be called a hydrothermal metamorphosis.<br>As compared with the previous studies in which the thermodynamic equilibria are attained in the given homogeneous systems, the reactions in the present experiments start at the interfaces between the water vapor and the solid with a consequence that the reaction products are not necessarily equilibrated under the given experimental conditions. As the result, three sorts of hydrated phases, hydroxy-sodalite, nepheline hydrate I, and species Y (a new phase of the composition, Na<sub>2</sub>O⋅Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>⋅2SiO<sub>2</sub> 1.33-1.5 H<sub>2</sub>O, which has not been found in the previous hydrothermal studies), were formed during 1-7 days' run according to the nature of the starting solid phases. Correlations among the starting solids and the resulting hydrates are summarized in Table 2 and Fig. 2. In the table the first three columns stand for the preparation of starting solids and the forth the duration of metamorphosis, the fifth the products under the respective experimental conditions.<br>During the hydrothermal treatment, grains of the original solids as shown in the electron microphotographs of Figs. 3 (a)-(c), changed to well-shaped crystallites of the hydrates, nepheline hydrate I and species Y, as shown in Figs. 4(a)-(c), except hydroxysodalite which was formed only in massive grains. Considerable amount of water molecules may have been adsorbed on the surface of solid to gelatinize the surface and eventually to recrystallize the solid into the hydrate crystallites. The original structural framework may still be retained to some extent under these conditions. The metastable phase formation in this experiment will be treated from this point of view in a following paper.

2 0 0 0 OA 社会的死と法

著者
澤井 敦
出版者
The Japanese Association of Sociology of Law
雑誌
法社会学 (ISSN:04376161)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2005, no.62, pp.110-122,194, 2005-03-30 (Released:2011-04-13)
参考文献数
32

In arguments concerning death and its definition, the social aspect of death, which is beyond the range of natural sciences such as biology and medicine, has often been referred to. The purpose of this paper is to consider this social aspect of death by re-examining the concept of "social death."First, this paper looks into existing usages of the concept of social death and attempts to clarify its meaning. Social death is distinguished from biological death, clinical death, legal death and ritual death. This paper suggests that the defining feature of social death is the termination of one's social existence in the lives of others.Secondly, the relationship between modern social changes and the changing profile of death is considered from the point of view of social death. In contrast to traditional society, social death in modern society has become individualized and can be interpreted in various ways. In cases of the death of persons who are non-intimately related, the process of social death tends to move comparatively quickly, and may sometimes move more rapidly than the process of biological death. On the other hand, in cases of the death of persons who are intimately related, the process of social death moves comparatively slowly and may continue for a long time following biological death. It is pointed out that this discrepancy between the two cases can often poses problems.Finally, the social background of legal death is examined in the light of social death. There are discrepancies between legal death and social death, which pose problems. In many cases, there are "continuing bonds" between the bereaved family and the dead which still exist even after biological death. The paper concludes with an examination of legal professionals' attitudes toward these continuing bonds.