著者
新倉 俊一
出版者
岩波書店
雑誌
文学 (ISSN:03894029)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.3, pp.p1-8, 1988-03
著者
山崎 孝 伊藤 直之 石田 登貴代 三谷 孝之 菅野 智也 中川 哲朗 松井 文昭 増田 真代 加畑 昌弘 大谷 尚之 堀 秀昭 山門 浩太郎
出版者
公益社団法人日本理学療法士協会
雑誌
理学療法学 (ISSN:02893770)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.2, 2007-04-20

【目的】甲子園大会でのメディカルサポートを皮切りに、高校野球地方大会において各県士会でのメディカルサポートの取り組みが報告されている。しかし、中学生を対象としたサポート報告は少ない。今回福井県理学療法士会は、中学ボーイズリーグの大会期間中に選手のメディカルチェックを実施し、スポーツ障害予防の啓蒙活動を試みたので報告する。<BR>【方法】大会は日本少年野球連盟公認の福井大会で北陸・東海・関西地区から28チーム、906名の選手が参加した。平成18年7月22日~24日に行われ、試合会場は初日が10会場、2日目は4会場であった。サポートは初日と2日目の土・日曜日に、1会場で実施した。その会場で試合があるのは初日が6チーム、2日目が4チームで、メディカルチェックは当日に希望があったチームに試合の合間を利用して実施した。今回サポートに参加したPT は福井県アスレチックリハビリテーション研究会に参加しているPTで、初日9名、2日目13名であった。メディカルチェックの実施項目について、握力測定はOG技研社製デジタル握力計にて行い、肩関節外旋・内旋筋力は2nd肢位にてアニマ社製ミュータスF-1を用いて測定した。ROMは肩関節2nd内旋・外旋、肘関節屈曲・伸展、前腕回内・回外、SLR、股関節内旋の可動域とし、ゴニオメーターを用いて5°単位で両側測定した。FFD、上体おこしは1cm単位で測定し、腸腰筋と大腿四頭筋のタイトネスの有無と、しゃがみ込み動作の可否を調査した。実施方法は筋力・上肢ROM・下肢ROMの3セッションにPTを配置し、所要時間の短縮を図った。選手には測定中に値を伝え、投球側に機能低下がみられた場合は投球障害との関連性について説明し、測定後に集団でストレッチ指導を行った。また、大会参加全チームにストレッチ方法を記載した冊子とオーバーユースによる投球障害ついて説明したリーフレットを開会式の日に配布した。<BR>【結果】1.メディカルチェックを実施できたチーム数は初日4チーム、2日目が2チームで、両日での選手数は76名であった。2.メディカルチェックの結果では肩関節内旋(投球側38°、非投球側56°)、肘関節屈曲(投球側144°、非投球側148°)、肘関節伸展(投球側0°、非投球側4°)、前腕回内(投球側81°、非投球側88°)の可動域が非投球側に比べ、投球側が有意に低下していた。また、投球側の肘関節に-5°以上の伸展制限のある選手が26%にみられ、その半数は投手であった。<BR>【考察】選手・指導者・父兄が多く集まる大会期間中を利用してスポーツ障害予防の啓蒙を行った。甲子園出場を目指して中学から硬式野球をしている選手の4人に1人の割合で投球側の肘関節拘縮がみられていた。これは少年期からのオーバーユースが原因と考えられるため、少年期からの投球障害予防の啓蒙が求められる。今後はスタッフ数を増員し、より多くのチームに啓蒙していくことが課題である。<BR><BR><BR><BR>
著者
葛 継勇
出版者
吉川弘文館
雑誌
日本歴史 (ISSN:03869164)
巻号頁・発行日
no.804, pp.75-84,巻頭2p, 2015-05
著者
村井 恭子
出版者
東洋史研究会
雑誌
東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.2, pp.225-260, 2015-09

The Hexi 河西 (around the Ordos) and the Daibei 代北 areas in the northern peripheral belt of China during the Tang dynasty were the cradles of nomadic governments established in Northern China in the 10th century, such as those of the Tangut 党項 and Shatuo 沙陀 tribes. Various conditions in those areas during the latter half of the Tang dynasty directly caused these nomadic groups to gain power. The historical circumstances that caused these nomads to extend their influence to these areas have mainly been explained from the perspective of the study of their own history. However, the Tang dynasty must have had reasons for accepting the nomadic groups. Furthermore, altered circumstances accompanying this acceptance and antipathy to it must also have existed. Therefore, this paper examines the background of the local Tang military deployed in its northern peripheral territory and its acceptance of nomadic troops as well as the regional correlation between Hexi and Daibei under Tang policies regarding the northern peripheral territory by examining the Tangut uprising and its suppression by Tang forces during the first half of 9th century. The first section clarifies the previously obscure deployment of the Tang forces and their composition in the suppression of the Tangut during the Xuanzong 宣宗 era by means of analysis of the new Wang Zai 王宰 epitaph. The core of the Tang forces were not military authorities of Jingxi-Jingbei 京西京北 districts where the Tangut revolt took place, but those of the Hedong 河東 district and some nomadic groups from Daibei, such as the Shatuo who served under the Hedong corps. The second section considers the problems that occurred among the military authorities in the northern peripheral territory, especially those of Jingxi-Jingbei districts, at that time. The military governors there had committed various injustices ; for example, they had exploited Tangut people under their rule and the guanjian 官健, the regular soldiers of their armies. They had embezzled public funds by cutting the number of guanjian. That had also caused the hollowing-out of military strength in strategic points at those districts due to lack of guanjian. These problems were the reason for the Tangut uprising as well as the composition of the Tang military forces mentioned above. The third section examines the Tang central governmentʼs ideal for the northern peripheral territory and the reality there. Behind the hollowing-out of strategic military points in the northern peripheral territory was the military governors active incorporation of nomadic troops. They placed much store particularly in the nomadic groups of Daibei. On the other hand, the Tang central government denounced those military governors who committed injustices. However, it could not in fact keep them under strict control because they had built up close ties with the eunuchs. Therefore the Tang dynasty could not help but depend on the military power of nomadic troops for defense. The nomadic groups of Daibei had substantially controlled Tangut groups based in Hexi since the Wenzong 文宗 era, and they had continued to be the central corps of the Tang military forces in the suppression of Tangut during the Xuanzong era. Such acceptance of nomadic troops required a commensurate cost. It appears that the injustices by the military governors that were related to the cost of keeping those nomadic troops and at the same time the hollowing-out of troops at strategic points both facilitated the entry of the nomadic troops into the Tang military organization.
著者
村井 恭子
出版者
東洋史研究会
雑誌
東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.2, pp.225-260, 2015-09
著者
兼平 雅子
出版者
立正大学史学会
雑誌
立正史学 (ISSN:03868966)
巻号頁・発行日
no.115, pp.21-45, 2014
著者
新見 まどか
出版者
公益財団法人史学会
雑誌
史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.124, no.6, pp.1077-1113, 2015-06-20

The study of the history of Tang China which focuses on the transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasty has recently broadened its purview from the Han Chinese world proper to the whole region spanning eastern Eurasia. In the present article the author focuses on the mid-ninth century civil disturbances occurring among the governors (jiedushi 節度使) of fanzen 藩鎮 regional garrisons and their relationship to the Dynastic transition, taking up the concrete example of the rebellion of Liu Zhen 劉〓, the governor of Zhao-Yi 昭義 in Eastern Shanxi Province. Despite the overwhelming opinion that the rebellion represents an "exception" in the fanzen civil disturbances, the author's analysis of Liu Zhen's close advisors shows that the incident should be directly understood as an element of fanzen civil unrest as it developed after the An Lushan 安禄山 Rebellion (755-63). Moreover, the fact that the imperial court took on the task of quelling Liu's rebellion reflects the defeat of the remnants of the Uighur nomadic empire that had risen during that time on the Tang Dynasty's northern periphery. Also, through its divide and conquer tactic of appealing to common interests it shared with Liu's army, the court was able to avoid one threat by negotiating over succession to the three garrisons of Hebei. However, due to the large demilitarization of the region after the rebellion, a huge outflow of surplus military personnel into Henan took place, resulting in region becoming racked with brigandage, smuggling and outright rebellion. Given the situation described above, the author concludes that the rebellion of Liu Zhen and China's policy regarding the three garrisons north of the Huanghe, as well as the instability characterizing Henan were for the Tang Dynasty problems not exclusively "domestic" in nature, but rather linked to what was going in the hinterlands of Inner Asia. That is to say, from the An Lushan Rebellion on, in addition to need to defend its northern borders, the Tang Dynasty had to amass a huge military campaign into the hinterlands for the defense of the northern three garrisons. Then during the reign of Emperor Wuzong, with the destruction of the Uighur Empire, the court deployed its northern defense forces to quell the fanzhen rebellions raging in the interior. Via such efforts, the court was also able to secure the northern three garrisons, thus almost simultaneously eliminating any military threat to the Middle Kingdom. This is why the court then embarked on the demilitarization of the remote hinterland fanzhen, which were now deemed unnecessary. Consequently, the demobilized troops having no place to settle turned into a domestic source of civil unrest. The rebellion of Liu Zhen was therefore an event which symbolizes the changing situation of the mid-ninth century, in which reverberations caused by the destruction of the nomadic empire of the steppe rumbled through the Taihang Mountains into Hebei, and eventually became an indirect source of civil unrest in Henan.