著者
Kawashima Shin
巻号頁・発行日
2005-07-04

This paper would discuss about the Chinese diplomatic policy toward a civilized country, even a great power in the world in 1900-1920's. Until 1990's, except for some western and Japanese scholars, most of scholars have recognized that Chinese diplomacy from 1900s to 1920's doesn't have any remarkable and significant achievements and is called 'weak country should not have any efficient diplomacy.' But through the survey for so much amount of the Chinese diplomatic archives to be opened in Taipei, Nanjing and Beijing, we come to be able to understand the Chinese basic diplomatic policy from last ten years of Qing dynasty to the period of Beijing government of ROC is as follows : (1) To revise and improve the unequal treaties. This means not only to revise unequal treaties (extraterritoriality, Tariff autonomy and Most-favored nation treatment) to much more equal ones, but also to get back lost territories, rights, collaterals and so on, through diplomatic negotiation and civilization of China. (2) To enhance its own international status in order to improve a series of unequal treaties and get back lost rights and territories. And China intended to become a bigger and stronger country, for example China joined the WWI and after Paris Peace Conference, wanted to get much more higher status especially in League of Nations. (3) To retain and protect its own territory and rights, and to keep unification by strengthening the concept of National sovereignty, probably influenced by the trend of studies of international law in US at that time. And China collected and edited materials about its own process of losing national rights trough a series of wars and created historical memories of its original image of glorious empire accompanied by many neighborhood countries as lost subjected countries. Thus China got the visible process to return a needle of a clock toward the original China. China got result on each factors; (1) Some treaties were revised to more equal ones and new equal treaties were concluded. And the rights of no-treaty nationals in China were changed same as Chinese subjects. Furthermore some settlements were returned to China. (2) China got the status of one of the allied nations of WWI trough it's joining in the war. Also China got the certification to join the League of Nations as an original member and become a non-regular member of the council of the L.N. (3) China failed to in retain of territory and national rights ,to be deprived by Japan(21articles, Shandong rights and so on). But China returned these territories and rights in Washington Conference and other negotiations as soon as can. About historical memory and materials, China edited many historical textbooks including the process of Chinese losing its rights and territories after the Opium War. These textbooks were claimed many times in 1910s-1930s by Japanese government because they had the contents of 'anti-Japanese' and 'warped' historical recognition. And the famous historical books and periodicals were edited and published in 1910-1920's. Both of the diplomatic historical materials in Qing dynasty (Qing-shi Waijiao Shiliao) and the official periodicals of Qing dynasty had so strong connotation of Chinese 'lost territory and rights' story and the original image of China. This original image was sometimes different from the real historical fact, for example in fact tributal countries were not subjected to China diplomatically, but these books defined these countries as a 'subjecting countries to China' on the context of modern international law. The 'creation of history' was advanced in parallel with diplomatic activities. These policies were basically adopted by KMT government. KMT government decorated it with the slogan of 'revolutionary diplomacy' and penetrated into administrative detail regulation to restrain foreign activities in China. China succeeds in recover its lost rights from allied nations in 1943, and in 1946 China recovered the extraterritoriality from Swiss. And China got the status of permanent member of Security Council of United Nations. It seemed that China's desire of long time was gotten. But lost R.O.C. escaped to Taiwan and P.R.C. did not get the fruits trough the war. The Chinese diplomatic history has left an insufficient 'story.'
著者
迫間 健治 釜坂 岳人 坂本 眞人
雑誌
宮崎大学工学部紀要 = Memoirs of Faculty of Engineering University of Miyazaki (ISSN:05404924)
巻号頁・発行日
no.49, pp.199-202, 2020-09-30

In recent years, three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) technology has been applied in various fields such as AR / VR technology, movies, games, and virtual fitting of clothes. One of the problems is the problem of contact between clothes and other objects (such as the body). In this paper, we focused on that problem. The methods verified at that time are the Euler method, the FB Euler method, and the Runge-Kutta method. In this paper, we verified each simple animation using the above three methods. As a result of the verification, animation with the Euler method or Runge-Kutta method shows contact with the body, clothes moving away from the body, and heavy movement, etc.The FB Euler method creates a simple but stable animation Was completed. However, problems such as the need to manually change parameters and the large amount of calculation were raised. In addition, other issues such as the study of numerical calculation method and contact force calculation method other than the method verified this time and the study of texture mapping method to skirt were mentioned. In this paper, we were able to create simple animations, but there were still many issues such as the number of mass points and the reproducibility of the cloth, and there were many issues to be improved. Therefore, we want to pursue future research and aim for more realistic reproduction and practical research.
著者
平岩 紀夫
出版者
愛知教育大学外国語研究室
雑誌
外国語研究 (ISSN:02881861)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, pp.13-25, 1973-03
著者
今井 民子
出版者
弘前大学教育学部
雑誌
弘前大学教育学部紀要 (ISSN:04391713)
巻号頁・発行日
no.80, pp.29-36, 1998-10-30

本稿では,第2次ブフォン論争といわれるグルック-ピッチンニ論争の本質を明らかにするため,ピッチン二派のマルモンテル,グルック派のアルプ,中立派のシャバノンの論考,及びこの論争とは無縁であったモーツァルトのオペラ論を検証する。古典主義の立場からグルックの表現を激しすぎると退けるマルモンテルは,同時にイタリア音楽の声楽美の濫用にも批判の目を向け,一方アルプは,グルックのオペラ改革の成果を評価しつつ,深い感動を誘うピッチンニオペラの魅力も認める。また,旋律と和声をともに認めるシャバノンの見解は,ルソーとラモー以来の旋律・和声論争に終止符を打つものとして注目される。イタリア派の一人として,音楽の詩に対する優位を主張するモーツァルトは,グルックとは対極のオペラ作曲家といえる。これらの見解は,18世紀音楽の中心主題であったイタリア音楽対フランス音楽,旋律対和声の問題の終悪を意味するものといえよう。
著者
米村 幸太郎
出版者
横浜法学会
雑誌
横浜法学 (ISSN:21881766)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.3, pp.141-171, 2018-03-25
著者
井村 直恵
出版者
京都産業大学マネジメント研究会
雑誌
京都マネジメント・レビュー = Kyoto Management Review (ISSN:13475304)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, pp.17-53, 2021-09-01

本稿は,400 年以上の歴史を持つ錦市場商店街が,平成24 年(2012 年)頃以降のインバウンド顧客の急増と平成30年(2019 年)をピークにしたオーバーツーリズムによる商店街の急激な観光地化を経験した後,COVID-19 発生に伴う令和2 年以降の観光客激減をどのように経験したかに関する調査・分析である.オーバーツーリズムは,現象としては古くから議論されてきたものの,オーバーツーリズムという用語で議論され始めたのは平成29 年頃以降であり,比較的新しい概念である.オーバーツーリズムに関する先行研究では観光客増加による地元の環境悪化や観光客と地元住民との軋轢等の議論がされている.本稿では,観光客増加に伴い商店街の中に地元住民や常連客ではなく,一見の観光客を対象にした店舗や軽食店・土産物屋の増加がどのように起きたか,それらの店舗がコロナ禍でどう行動したか,などを明らかにする.結論として,卸売中心の店は緊急事態宣言下でも営業を続けたこと,観光客向けの店は一時休業,撤退,店舗数集約などを行ったこと,実店舗での収益が減少した反面,オンライン販売の業績が倍増した店舗があったこと,などが明らかになった.また,錦市場商店街としては,コロナ禍の観光客現象を機に,食べ歩き禁止を徹底し,個店の側でも店内にイートインスペースを作るなど,令和2 年中に改装を進めた店舗が多かったこと,などコロナ後の再生に向けた環境づくりを行っていた.
著者
山本 興志隆
出版者
京都大学哲学論叢刊行会
雑誌
哲学論叢 (ISSN:0914143X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, pp.59-71, 1992-09-01

Seit Sein und Zeit oder früher als das, hat Heidegger immer schon sowohl die Frage nach der Sprache wie auch die Seinsfrage für sein Kardinalproblem gehalten. „Die Sprache ist das Haus des Seins, " sagt Heidegger. Dieser bekannte Satz deutet uns den wesentlichen Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden Sachen an. Wie, dann, kann man den eigentlichen Sinn, den der Satz besagt, recht verstehen und den Zusammenhang, der zwischen Sein und Sprache waltet, erklären ? In welchen Sinnen kann man sagen, daß das Sein und die Sprache zusammengehören? In diesem Aufsatz handelt es sich um die verborgene Zusammengehörigkeit von den beiden Sachen, um den oben erwähnten Fragen zu antworten. Bei der Erklärung müssen wir Heideggers Begriff von „logos" d.h. von der „Rede" betrachten, denn er sagt, daß der logos etwas (das Seiende) sehen lasse. Und wir müssen auch seinen Wahrheitsbegriff bewahren. Denn die Wahrheit ist der Ring, der das Sein und die Sprache zusammenbindet. Sozusagen haben die Wahrheit des Seins und die Sprache als die Metapher dieselbe Struktur. Der Kern der Struktur ist die Zusammangehörigkeit von dem Entborgenen und dem Verborgenen, oder von der Entbergung und der Verbergung. Wir werden die grundsätzliche Unmöglichkeit von der Seinsfrage in der mannigfaltigen Zusammengehörigkeit finden. Und die Unmögligkeit ist der Grund von der Seinsvergessenheit der abendländischen Metaphysik.
著者
山本 哲生
出版者
北海道大学大学院法学研究科
雑誌
北大法学論集 (ISSN:03855953)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.6, pp.339-354, 2009-03-31
著者
Spears Scott
出版者
[出版者不明]
巻号頁・発行日
2011

制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲3259号 ; 学位の種類:博士(文学) ; 授与年月日:2011/2/24 ; 早大学位記番号:新5561