著者
栗原 敏之
出版者
日本地質学会
雑誌
地質學雜誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.110, no.10, pp.620-639, 2004-10-15
参考文献数
65
被引用文献数
3 21

飛騨外縁帯の福地-一重ヶ根地域と九頭竜湖-伊勢川上流地域に露出する凝灰質砕屑岩相のシルル系・デボン系において放散虫生層序の検討を行った.7つの主要なセクションで認められた放散虫化石群集に基づき,下部シルル系ランドベリー統から下部デボン系エムス階に対比される計8つの群集帯を設定し,飛騨外縁帯のシルル系・デボン系凝灰質砕屑岩層の時代を詳細に議論した.従来,飛騨外縁帯と黒瀬川帯・南部北上帯のシルル系・デボン系は,凝灰質砕屑岩層の堆積年代やシルル系石灰岩層の有無等,相違点が強調されてきた.しかし,放散虫化石帯に基づく対比から,後期シルル紀ラドロウ世から前期デボン紀エムス期の凝灰質砕屑岩層は,その発達状況において高い類似性があることが明らかになった.この類似性は,3地帯のシルル系・デボン系が形成時において深く関連していたことを示す.
著者
栗原 敏之
出版者
日本地質学会
雑誌
地質學雜誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.109, no.11, pp.635-647, 2003-11-15
参考文献数
55
被引用文献数
4 16

飛騨外縁帯福地地域に分布する吉城層は,その時代についてオルドビス紀,シルル紀および前期デボン紀と諸説が存在した.また,不整合とされたデボン系福地層との関係も,福地層の層序から問題点が指摘されていた.今回,吉城層の模式均一の谷の西方に位置するカナシロザコの枝沢において,新たに吉城層と考えられる地層の露出を確認した.露頭から採取した凝灰質な砂岩泥岩互層の泥岩部および露頭付近の転石として得られた珪長質な凝灰質泥岩から前期デボン紀Emsianを示す放散虫化石が得られた.従来報告されている吉城層の放散虫化石群集(Zadrappolus yoshikiensis群集)と今回発見された群集から,吉城層の時代は後期シルル紀Pridoliから前期デボン紀Emsianの前期である可能性が高い.この時代論は古城層と福地層がほぼ同時代の地層であることを示す.したがって,両側の接触関係が不整合である可能性は極めて低い.
著者
大城 渡
出版者
名桜大学総合研究所
雑誌
総合研究 (ISSN:18815243)
巻号頁・発行日
no.18, pp.15-46, 2011-02

本稿は、住民生活に重大な影響をもたらし得るにもかかわらず、その根拠となる体系的法令を有さない不発弾処理行政の構造をできる限り明らかにし、その法的課題を検討する。わが国には、かつての戦争の影響により全国各地(特に沖縄)に多くの不発弾が埋没している。不発弾処理の実際は、自衛隊や自治体、交通機関等多くの公私諸機関の連携によってなされるが、必ずしも明確な法令上の根拠を有するものではなく、法的責任の所在を暖昧にする要綱・通達に依拠しているところもある。そのため、行政のあり方として問題点も少なくなく、例えば、そもそも何れの行政機関が不発弾処理につき第一次的法的責任を負うのか未だ明確には定められておらず、また、不発弾が爆発した際の被災者に対する実効的救済をどのように図るか等、法的には未整備な点も多く見受けられる。他方、不発弾爆発事故をめぐるこれまでの司法判決に見出せる論理に依拠すれば、国の責任で惹起された戦争行為によって不発弾がもたらされ、かつその不発弾を放置することによる事故の危険性や生じ得る被害を合理的に予想することができ、さらに不断の探査や処理等を真摯に行うことでそのような事故の発生を可能な限り回避できるため、国の法的責任は明確に認められうる。但し、それでもなお被災者には、その救済に裁判という多大な負担を求めるものとなってしまう。現代に引き継がれ残された「戦争の惨禍」たる不発弾の処理について、国は、戦後処理の一環として、あるいは憲法上の「平和主義」の趣旨に適うものとして、被災者を救済し、自らの法的責任を明らかにする体系的な法令を早急に整備し、住民の生命や生活の安全を確保すべき憲法上の責任を誠実に果たさなければならない。This article clarifies the process and related legal questions concerning the public administration of bomb disposal. In Japan (particularly in Okinawa), many unexploded bombs remain from the last war. The public administration for their disposal is a cross-agency process involving the Self-Defense Forces, the police and the local municipality. But because it is based mainly on executive rules rather than legislative laws, the legal liabilities are vague, and defects in the system lead to the absence of effective relief for casualties. Past judicial rulings following disastrous explosions clearly indicate the legal liability of the state. However, taking cases to court for relief will certainly impose heavy burdens on the casualties. They need recourse to systematic law. In the spirit of constitutional pacifism, the central government must take full constitutional responsibility for the disposal of unexploded bombs both at home and abroad.
著者
梶原 三恵子
出版者
日本印度学仏教学会
雑誌
印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.242-235, 2016

<p>Since the Gṛhyasūtras, water has been involved in the rituals of giving gifts. As to the use of water at the giving of a girl to the suitor in the marriage ceremony, some Gṛhyasūtras preserve concrete prescriptions, while the Dharma texts prescribe it simply in the phrases "to give with water (<i>adbhir dā</i>)" or "to give being preceded by water (<i>udakapūrva</i>-)" without giving any details. Those simple phrases, which are attested since the younger Gṛhyasūtras and the Dharma texts, continue prevalently for other kinds of gift as well in post-Vedic texts.</p><p>In Buddhist texts, the giving of donations and the giving of a girl in marriage are described principally in the same or similar expressions in the narratives: one is said to give a gift with a water-jar in hand. On the other hand, the enumeration of forms of marriage and wife in the Vinayas preserves a peculiar and concrete use of water at a certain type of marriage. Such a unique description might reflect the various uses of water at the rites of giving gifts before their descriptions were unified and simplified.</p>
著者
鈴木 敏昭
雑誌
四国大学紀要 = Bulletin of Shikoku University
巻号頁・発行日
no.48, pp.1-26, 2017-06-20
著者
山田 智輝
出版者
日本印度学仏教学会
雑誌
印度學佛教學研究
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.2, pp.762-758, 2017

<p>Wilhelm Rau (1974) comprehensively discussed metals in Vedic literature. (Rau, <i>Metalle und Metallgeräte im vedischen Indien</i>, 1974) </p><p>In this paper, focusing especially on the base metals "<i>áyas-</i>," I investigate their usage in every stage of Vedic literature, referring widely to recent studies.</p><p>In the RV, <i>áyas-</i> is solely used as a general term for the base metals and there is no reference to its concrete name. In the stage of the Atharvaveda, <i>áyas-</i> is divided into two types, "black" (<i>śyāmá-</i>) and "red" (<i>lóhita-</i>), and other base metals like tin "<i>trapú-</i>" or lead "<i>sī́sa-</i>" become known. The situation in the YS<sup>m </sup>is almost the same, however, the word <i>lohá-</i>, the substantive for copper, is first used in a passage of the VS and TS. </p><p>A pair of passages in the black YS<sup>p</sup> (KS and MS) suggestively tells the property of pure copper; its high thermal conductivity. In the stage of ŚB, <i>áyas-</i> is no longer classified by color, and on the other hand, we can determine that it<i> </i>connotes specifically iron in some passages.</p>
著者
安岡 義文
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.736, pp.1581-1589, 2017
被引用文献数
4

&nbsp;The architectural treatise &ldquo;De Architectura&rdquo;, written around 20 BC by the roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, is the most recognized and analyzed architectural treatise in the history of mankind. Particularly in the Renaissance period, the Italian artists have shown great interest in Vitruvian treatise, upon which they have based their own architectural treatise. Through the Renaissance recognition of Vitruvian architectural theory, the European classical architecture acquired the tradition of proportional design called the &ldquo;module system&rdquo; as it is apparent in Le Corbusier's concept of &ldquo;modulor&rdquo;.<br>&nbsp;On the other hand, the true image of Vitruvius and the historical context of his treatise are yet to be thoroughly understood. Reading &ldquo;De Architetura&rdquo;, it becomes obvious that Vitruvius often introduced Greek terms, when he describes technical matters in detail. However, when he draws examples from other regions such as Egypt, Persia or Cyrene, he uses Latin terms and the topic remains to be superficial, omitting details (Tab. 1-2). From this fact, it is obvious that his references for writing his treatise were limited to Latin and Greek sources.<br>&nbsp;Looking outside of the Greco-Roman culture, we see that Vitruvius' architectural theory is hardly his original thought. For instance, the analogy between a temple and a human body is already existent in Ancient Egypt. In the so-called &ldquo;Book of Temple&rdquo;, there is a specification that certain column styles are to be differentiated between the male and the female deities. The archaeological evidences confirm the validity of this statement. Other archaeological evidences show that the gender was not the only aspect applied to the columns. Some columns had a funerary aspect, others acted as emblems of the land, etc. In the case of Ancient Egypt, one style gained multiple meanings as time went by, so that, at the end, the columns formed several groups to express different aspects in variety of situations.<br>&nbsp;In contrast, Vitruvius limited and applied the concept of gender to only three orders, despite the fact that he admits the existence of other styles. The fact that these three orders originated from different regions and eras, seems to indicate that this group of symbolism cannot be earlier than the mid-5<sup>th</sup> Century BC, and also that the varieties of symbolic meanings also existed for the classical orders. In this sense, Vitruvius consciously chose and concentrated on the gender of the columns among other possible symbolisms of the columns.<br>&nbsp;The module system described by Vitruvius may also have an Ancient Egyptian origin. In Egypt, there are some tantalizing evidences that show the use of module for elevation drawings of naos-shrines (Fig. 1-2). It shows that the width of the post is given one unit and other larger parts are given the multiples of the unit, and the smaller parts mostly the unit fractions. As for the Vitruvian system, the Doric system correlates with the Egyptian, whereas the Ionian system, the major dimensions of the building, which is defined by the primary module (= column diameter) as in the Doric system, becomes the secondary modules for the smaller parts that surrounding them. As a result, the Ionic system allows the architect to adjust a selected group of dimensions without disturbing the overall appearance.<br>&nbsp;Although the cases considered in this paper comprises only a modest part of the treatise, it shows that Vitruvius unconsciously adopted the architectural philosophy of other culture, particularly the ancient Egyptian. In order to escape from the illusion that Vitruvius created and to understand the true context of the Vitruvian treatise, it is essential to reassess the Vitruvian architectural theory from the view of his contemporary and preceding architectural cultures.
著者
津田博幸著
出版者
森話社
巻号頁・発行日
2014