著者

山崎 治 三輪 和久

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.103-116, 2001-03-01

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

---

The purpose of this study is to explore changes of problem solving processes by diagrammatic externalizations. Eighteen undergraduate and graduate students attempted to solve a complicated arithmetic word problem (the 100 yen problem). Fourteen subjects were allowed to write down their own ideas, while other four subjects were prohibited from writing any idea. We stated the differences of their performance and the problem solving processes, comparing both experimental results of the two groups. The results indicated that (1) the subjects improved their performance for solving the 100 yen problem by externalizations, (2) integrating multiple propositions was facilitated by externalizations, (3) externalizing diagrams made the subjects effectively construct propositional networks that were relatively free from specific structures of the given problem.

著者

陳 非非 寺井 仁 1.2 三輪 和久 CHEN 1 Feifei TERAI 1.2 Hitoshi MIWA 1 Kazuhisa

雑誌

SIG-ALST = SIG-ALST

巻号頁・発行日

vol.B4, no.03, pp.83-88, 2015-02-27

---

This study discussed effects of individuals' impulsiveness and deliberation on decision-making behavior. Our research questions are as follows: (1) Does impulsiveness relate to risk-taking behavior in decision-making? (2) Do impulsiveness and deliberation affect distinctiveness in decision-making? In the experiments, participants were required to choose from two options: a gambling option with a probability of winning and a sure option. When the sure option was selected, participants obtained the presented amount of hypothetical money surely. When the gambling option was selected, the amount of hypothetical money obtained was determined by chance (the probability was presented on a pie chart). The results are as follows. First, participants with high impulsiveness tended to overestimate objective probability more than those with low impulsiveness. Second, when decision time was restricted, participants with high impulsiveness could not clearly discriminate between changes in probability. This tendency of participants with high impulsiveness when decision time was restricted improved when they were told that focusing on a series of selection results would obtain an optimum result.

著者

寺井 仁 三輪 和久 松林 翔太

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.223-234, 2015-06-01 (Released:2015-12-01)

参考文献数

33

---

Reconstructing explanations perform a crucial role not only in the progress of science,but in educational practice and daily activities including comprehension of phenomena. We focused on the transition of attention on a key fact that contradicts the preceding explanation and has a central role in its reconstruction. We used a short story as an experimental material in which the participants first constructed a prior explanation and reconstructed it. The experimental results are summarized as follows. First, when the prior explanation was rejected, a new explanation was required, after attention on the key fact was inhibited. Second, hypothesized premises not inconsistent with the prior explanation were sought to protect the prior explanation. Third, the explanation reconstruction was facilitated by having the participants focus on the key fact. Last,attention on the key fact was recovered through explanation reconstruction.

著者

田村 昌彦 三輪 和久

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.299-313, 2011 (Released:2011-12-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

We conducted three experiments to investigate the effects of how experiences for solving a source task subconsciously affect problem solving for a target insight problem. In Experiment 1, we verified an experimental paradigm developed for this investigation. We found that the experiences solving the source task actually improved the target problem solving even though the participants were not aware the correspondence between the two tasks. Experiment 2 revealed that the effect that the source task improved problem solving for the target task was not brought about by the perceptual feature shared by the two tasks, but by eye tracking experiences while solving the source task, relaxing the constraint that prevents the solution for the target task. Experiment 3 suggested that the effect emerged for relaxing the constraint only; did not for shifting search for an adequate problem space that involves the target solution. We concluded that in insight problem solving people can use analogical cues without awareness to relax fixations rather than to shift search for the problem spaces.

著者

三輪 和久 寺井 仁 Kazuhisa Miwa Hitoshi Terai

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.275-282, 2003-05-01

著者

寺井 仁 三輪 和久 浅見 和亮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.4, pp.419-428, 2013-10-25 (Released:2013-12-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

10 22

---

The Remote Associates Test (RAT) is one of the most popular tasks in experimental studies of insight in psychological and neuroscience studies. Since the RAT was originally developed for English-speaking countries, we developed a Japanese version of the RAT. This paper provides a brief overview of the structure of the task based on chunk decomposition using Japanese kanji characters and a list of sets of words as experimental stimuli, with representative data for experimental studies of insight.

著者

三輪 和久 石井 成郎 Kazuhisa Miwa Norio Ishii

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.196-204, 2004-03-01

著者

三輪 和久 寺井 仁

出版者

社団法人人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.275-282, 2003-05-01

被引用文献数

12

著者

松室 美紀 三輪 和久 寺井 仁 山田 賢人

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.3, pp.229-239, 2016-08

著者

齋藤 ひとみ 三輪 和久 神崎 奈奈 寺井 仁 小島 一晃 中池 竜一 森田 純哉

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.547-558, 2015-05-01 (Released:2015-05-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

---

Data interpretation based on theory is one of most important skills in scientific discovery learning, but to achieve this process is difficult for learners. In this study, we propose that model construction and execution could support data interpretation based on theory. We used the web-based production system ``DoCoPro'' as an environment for model construction and execution, and we designed and evaluated class practice in cognitive science domain to confirm our ideas. Fifty-three undergraduate students attended the course in Practice 1 in 2012. During class, students constructed a computational model on the process of semantic memory and conducted simulations using their model from which we evaluated any changes in learner interpretation of experimental data from pretest to posttest. The results of comparing pretest with posttest showed that the number of theory-based interpretations increase from pretest to posttest. However, we could not confirm the relationship between students' interpretations and their mental models acquired through learning activities and whether the students could transfer their understanding of theory to other different experimental data. Therefore, we conducted Practice 2 in 2013, in which 39 undergraduate students attended the course. Instruction in Practice 2 was same as in Practice 1. We improved pretest and posttest to assess students' mental model of theory and whether they transfer their understanding to another experiment. Comparing the pretest and posttest results showed that students acquired more sophisticated mental models from pretest to posttest, and they could apply their understanding of theory to their interpretations of near transfer experimental data. The results also indicated that students who shifted their interpretations from non theory-based to theory-based acquired more superior mental models on theory. Finally, we discuss applicability of our findings to scientific education.

著者

神崎 奈奈 三輪 和久 寺井 仁 小島 一晃 中池 竜一 森田 純哉 齋藤 ひとみ

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.536-546, 2015-05-01 (Released:2015-05-01)

参考文献数

25

---

When people understand an object, they construct a mental model of the object. A mental model is a structural, behavioral, or functional analog representation of a real-world or imaginary situation, event, or process. We conducted a class practice in which newcomers to cognitive science constructed a mental model by implementing and simulating a computational model of cognitive information processing, i.e., a cognitive model. We quantitatively evaluated the learning outcomes of the class. The participants were required to implement a complete cognitive model of subtraction processing. Furthermore, they were required to implement bug models, which are cognitive models with bug rules that cause several types of errors. Pre- and post-tests were performed before and after implementing and using these models, respectively. The results indicate that the class intervention led to the increase of the number of the participants who constructed the correct mental model and promoted more accurate mental simulations. However, the significant effects were confirmed only with participants who correctly completed the bug model, but the effects were limited with those who failed.

著者

三輪 和久 Miwa Kazuhisa

巻号頁・発行日

1989-03-25

---

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類:工学博士 (課程) 学位授与年月日:平成1年3月25日

著者

寺井 仁 三輪 和久 田嶋 あゆみ

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

認知心理学研究 (ISSN:13487264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.37-49, 2014-08-31 (Released:2014-10-07)

参考文献数

27

---

本研究では,マジックのトリックを解決する課題を対象に,(a)予期しない現象の原因同定に加齢が及ぼす影響,および(b)高齢者同士の協同が原因同定に与える効果について実験的な検討を行った.実験の結果,高齢者の原因同定のパフォーマンスは若齢者に比して低下することが示され,トリックが存在する箇所および存在しない箇所の弁別が困難であることが示された.一方,すでに得られた情報を起点として原因を探るという問題解決方略は高齢者においても保持されていることが示された.また,高齢者が協同して助け合うことにより,原因同定のパフォーマンスの向上が認められ,そのプロセスにおいて,得られた情報を起点とした原因の推測がより改善され,トリックが存在する箇所への疑いがより強められることが明らかとなった.しかしながら,トリックが存在しない箇所に対する疑義の棄却に関しては協同による助け合いの効果は認められなかった.

著者

神崎 奈奈 三輪 和久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.121-132, 2013 (Released:2013-10-10)

参考文献数

27

---

グラフの表現の違いが情報理解に与える効果が確認されてきた。このことは, 説明の仕方によって, グラフの使い分けがなされる必要があることを示唆している。本研究では, 研究発表等で日常的にグラフを使用している研究者を日常的グラフユーザと定義し, 日常的グラフユーザ, および理系大学院生, 文系学部学生を対象として, 自らが生成した説明とグラフ表現の一貫性に関する検討を行った。具体的には, 生成された説明中の特定の変数の表現と, 作成されたグラフにおける変数の配置の一貫性という観点から, グラフ作成に関する実験を行った。実験1A, 1Bの結果から, 日常的グラフユーザ, および理系大学院生は, 自らが生成した説明と一貫した表現のグラフを作成していることが確認された。一方, 実験2の結果から, 文系学部学生に関しては, 説明に関連したグラフの使い分けは確認されなかった。ただし, 実験3の結果から, 文系学部学生に関しても, グラフの候補を提示することによって, 自らグラフを作成する状況に比して, 説明に関連したグラフの使い分けが促進されることが示唆された。

著者

神崎 奈奈 三輪 和久

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.163-173, 2012-08

著者

冨田 隆 三輪 和久

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.501-515, 2002-12-01

被引用文献数

2

著者

石井 成郎 三輪 和久

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.469-485, 2003-12-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6

---

We investigated, through a cognitive psychological experiment and its protocol analysis, experts' and novices' interactive process between the mental operation by which participants considered their ideas and the external operations by which they actually produced physical objects in creative activity. In our experiment, the participants were required to build toy robots with creative features with LEGO Mindstorms. The experimental results showed that the experts could create work that fulfilled both high originality and practicality simultaneously. Moreover, the following four points were confirmed as characteristics of the experts' creative process: (1) the experts globally considered their initial ideas, (2) the experts predicted and considered their ideas by focusing on various aspects of important viewpoints, (3) the experts reconstructed their ideas more actively, and (4) the experts reconstructed their ideas by considering comprehensively the relationship among the elements constructing their plans.

著者

三輪 和久 石井 成郎

出版者

社団法人人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.196-204, 2004-03-01

被引用文献数

4

著者

三輪 和久

出版者

社団法人人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, 2005-05-01