著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.501-517, 2022 (Released:2022-07-07)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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The overabundance of extracurricular sports activities in Japan has been called into question. Its symbol is the Nippon Junior High School Tournament held by Nippon Junior High School Physical Culture Association. How was this event established? The purpose of this study was to analyze the process by which the tournament was established and to examine the relationship between education and competition in school sports. Previous studies have sought the reasons for the establishment of the national championships with the relaxation of standards for external competitions in accordance with the demands of sports federations, and have viewed the process as one in which competition disparaged education. This approach assumes that education and competition have a dichotomous relationship that is mutually incompatible, and the conflict between educative egalitarianism and competitive elitism has been viewed as a specific issue. However, this view does not allow us to understand why the Junior High School Physical Culture Association, which had been trying to suppress the national championships, turned around and held the Nippon Junior High School Tournament. In this study, we reviewed this issue from the perspective of the Junior High School Physical Culture Association, and clarified the active role it played in reorganizing the national championships in order to solve inherent educational problems, while competing with the sports federations that began holding the national championships. For the Junior High School Physical Culture Association, the process of establishing national championships was not a process in which athletic competition disparaged education, but one in which education was achieved through competition. How did it interpret the conflict between educative egalitarianism and competitive elitism? The Junior High School Physical Culture Association did not abandon educative egalitarianism while finding significance in competitive elitism. Rather, it placed more emphasis on the former in order to justify the significance of competitive selection. The national championships must be open to all students equally, not just to a few elite athletes, and they were interpreted as meaningful because the winners were selected after all students had participated. In this way, the conflicts between educative egalitarianism and competitive elitism were overcome, and as a result, the Nippon Junior High School Tournament was established. This was a historical turning point in the “overheating” of junior high school sports.

著者

中澤 篤史 西島 央 矢野 博之 熊谷 信司

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.317-337, 2009-03-10

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In secondary school of Japan under the current national curriculum (course of study), the club activities had not been corroborated institutionally despite that they were very important aspect of schoollife alike lesson activities. But on the coming national curriculum, it has described that club activities should be related with school curriculum properly, especially paying attention to circumstances or situations of each school. Nevertheless it had not got such information and those data. In this paper we'll endeavour to illuminate the circumstances about adviser-teacher of club activities, the relations of teaching on club activities to guidance, also to the other school affairs from the questionnaire survey to teachers in the Tokyo metropolitan area and seven prefectures, Iwate, Niigata, Shizuoka, Nara, Kagawa, Yamaguchi, and Kagoshima./ We will deal with the following issues in this paper. 1) School survey; the relations between the size of schools and club activities, the obligation on participation in club activities, assignment of adviser-teachers, school aims concerning club activities. 2) Teachers survey; circumstances of club activities, the management system of club activities and coaches, teachers'experiences about club activities, management and coaching, the other school affairs, teachers'opinions concerning coaching and teaching.

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会 体育社会学専門領域

雑誌

年報 体育社会学 (ISSN:24344990)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.24-05-002, (Released:2023-06-07)

参考文献数

25

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.373-390, 2011 (Released:2011-12-28)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

4 1

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In Japan, teachers not only teach students inside the classroom, but also manage extracurricular sports activities outside the classroom. This system of extracurricular sports activities is a distinctive feature of school education in Japan, and is totally dependent on the voluntary attitude of teachers. Although extracurricular sports activities are not included in the Course of Study, teachers are positively willing to manage them as school educational activities. Why should this be so? Furthermore, the contents of extracurricular sport activities seem to have no relationship with school education. Then, how do teachers identify sports as school educational activities? In order to examine these questions, this study focused on teachers' interpretations of difficulties in combining sports with education, as these difficulties ultimately determine whether teachers are positively willing to manage extracurricular sports activities. In managing school educational activities, teachers inevitably encounter certain difficulties (e.g. coping with diversity among students). How, then, do teachers interpret these difficulties? The purpose of this study was to clarify the reasons why teachers are positively willing to manage extracurricular sport activities in Japan by analyzing their interpretations of difficulties with combining sports and education. The data were gathered by fieldwork at a public junior high school in the Kanto area. At this school, 12 teachers who managed extracurricular sport activities were observed and interviewed. Among them, a male teacher managing the rugby club was the most positive. This study focused on this individual as a case example to examine the reasons for his positive attitude. This teacher divided the students into a high-skill and a low-skill groups in order to coach them efficiently. However, that division caused high-skill students to bully those with a low skill level, which obviously was not desirable in educational terms. However, the teacher interpreted the presence of a bully as a good opportunity to educate his students. Therefore, this difficulty was “solved” by the interpretation of this particular teacher. In conclusion, various individual teachers' interpretations can “solve” certain difficulties and allow them to combine sports with education, allowing them to positively manage extracurricular sports activities as school educational activities without any conflict.

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, pp.114-119, 2020 (Released:2021-04-01)

参考文献数

10

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.497-514, 2021 (Released:2021-08-11)

参考文献数

49

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The aim of this study is to describe the history of the Junior High School Physical Culture Association (JHSPCA) based on reexamination of the relationship between education and competition in school sports. Previous studies have maintained that there was a conflict between education and competition in school sports, and that the potential educational effects of sports were impeded by its competitive focus. However, it is assumed that the JHSPCA held competitive championships under the guise of educational activity. To fully understand the historical development of school sports we should instead reexamine whether the educational aspect of school sports is actually combined with its competitive one. This reorientation of perspective would then allow for new research questions, such as how the JHSPCA was formed and developed, and how and why it combined education and competition in school sports. The present study attempts to answer these questions, which previous studies have not, by analyzing documents gathered from official annual reports of the JHSPCA. The study produced a number of findings. Beginning in 1947 with the establishment of the postwar junior high school system, the JHSPCA first developed at the prefectural level. Initially the association was formed by PE teachers under the influence of the Ministry of Education, while also accepting the assistance of the Association of Junior High School Principals, local boards of education, and select sports federations. In 1955, the national level of the JHSPCA was initially formed in order to control the games and matches of junior high school athletes and as a counter organization to sports federations. Crucially, the JHSPCA differed from sports federations in that it was specifically driven by educational ideals. Yet, even with such an organization principle, it encouraged games and even matches under the name of educational activities. At that time, some prefectures did not have local JHSPCA branches; however, by 1967 all prefectures had designated branches and the association finally became a national organization. In conclusion, this study has clarified that the JHSPCA had to compete against sports federations and thus included a system of competitive championships within the ethos of school sports. By continuing to combine education and competition in school sports, it was possible to utilize competitive championships for the realization educational ideals. The present findings suggest that there is the possibility of modifying the prior consensus that education is opposite to competition in school sports in Japan.

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第69回(2018) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.81_3, 2018 (Released:2019-01-18)

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発表者は、日本の学校運動部活動が歴史的にどのように形成され、拡大してきたのか、そして現在においてどのように維持されているか、というその形成・拡大・維持過程を探究している。本発表の目的は、その一環として、日本中学校体育連盟の財務状況の推移を、とくに1989年の財団法人化のプロセスに注目しながら明らかにすることである。日本中学校体育連盟(中体連)は、中学校運動部活動の競技大会を運営する団体である。では中体連は、競技大会に必要な資金をどのように集めたのか、その財務状況はどのように変遷してきたのか。また中体連は、1989年に任意団体から財団法人へと変わったが、そのプロセスで財政的基盤をどのように整えたのか。先行研究が十分に検討できていないこの問いに、本発表は取り組む。資料は、日本中学校体育連盟の年度報告書『会報』などを用いる。

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.315-328, 2008-12-10 (Released:2009-02-25)

参考文献数

27

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The Undoukai (Athletic Association) at the Imperial University of Tokyo was a student association that consisted mainly of sports club members. The Undoukai was a departure point for Japanese sports, and led to the establishment of school sports in the Meiji period, being incorporated as a foundation in 1934. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of how the Undoukai was organized as an incorporated foundation from the late Taisho era to the early part of the Showa era, focusing on interactions among students and the university. The main documents are gathered from the Imperial University Newspaper.The results of this study are summarized as follows.1) This study describes the history after establishment of the Undoukai, which was integrated into the Gakuyukai (Athletic and Cultural Association) at the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1920. The Gakuyukai was an all-university association that included cultural activities. However, the members of the sports clubs left the Gakuyukai and organized the Undoukai again in 1928.2) This study clarifies two oppositional relationships among students during the organizational process of the Undoukai. One was between sports club members and the other students, and the other was between the left-wing students and the right-wing students. In both relationships, sports club members would win the understanding of non-athletic students and would distance themselves from the left-wing students. Both practices enabled the Undoukai to become independent from the Gakuyukai.3) This study clarifies that strong assistance from the University contributed to the reorganization of the Undoukai. There were two problems that the University needed to address: one was how to prevent students' illnesses, and the other was how to discourage students from becoming inclined to the politcal left. Therefore, the University expected general students to aspire to “healthy body” and to have “healthy idea”. While the University would recommend sports to general students in order to realize the expectation of “healthy body”, at the same time it would separate general students from left-wing students in order to realize the expectation of “healthy idea”. These expectations and practices of the University provided the impetus that nurtured the Undoukai.

著者

西島 央 矢野 博之 中澤 篤史

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.101-130, 2008-03-10

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During the course of this research our goal has been to illustrate the factors that affect the commitment of secondary school pupils'vis-a-vis their schools and future educational goals and career trajectories. In doing so, we will propose "a plural model of school culture". In spite that actualities of club activities are very significant for pupils in their school life, its institutional position is vague in the current course of study. So it causes many issues about the coaching and management of club activities, for example the issue of overwork of teachers, and so on. In light of this we made a questionnaire survey to teachers of sports club activities in order to clarify two subjects. One is actual condition how teachers coach and manage club activities. The other is consciousness which the teacher have toward club activities. Based on the survey, this study is to examine six points: 1) commitment of teachers, 2) support system of club activities, 3) gap of the consciousness between teachers and pupils, 4) intensification of teachers, 5) opinions of teachers on what club activities to be in future, 6) further discussion about club activities. The results are as follows. 1) Teachers who strongly commit club to activities are inclined to expect much to them, don't have problems in them, and cope with them as eagerly as other activities outside class. 2) Teachers with external coach don't strongly commit to club activities and don't have experiences by themselves on the activities. Teachers with a parental organization strongly commit to club activities. 3) We found a certain gap between teachers and pupils on their ways of view about club activities. In spite that teachers can find pupils'expectations to club activities, they seem to be inclined to have more internal goals in educational points. 4) Teachers are pressed by business not because the participation to club activities restrained their time, but because they recognize problems about it, for example the vagueness whether club activities are in/out of their duty. 5) We found out some knowledge on opinions of teachers on what club activities to be in future which is below. Their opinions differ from pupils'. There is a wide variety of opinions among teachers according to the locality where schools are, the athletic event of club teachers have charge of, how many times and which day of the week teachers attend their clubs, and whether teachers are bothered by heavy burdens or institutional ambiguity of them. 6) Teachers whose main role is to manage club activities are bothered by heavy burdens or institutional ambiguity of them. And whether they recognize insufficiency of facility, equipment and administrative cost as problem differ from one activity to another.

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20128, (Released:2021-06-04)

著者

中澤 篤史 西島 央 矢野 博之 熊谷 信司

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.317-337, 2009-03-10

---

In secondary school of Japan under the current national curriculum (course of study), the club activities had not been corroborated institutionally despite that they were very important aspect of schoollife alike lesson activities. But on the coming national curriculum, it has described that club activities should be related with school curriculum properly, especially paying attention to circumstances or situations of each school. Nevertheless it had not got such information and those data. In this paper we'll endeavour to illuminate the circumstances about adviser-teacher of club activities, the relations of teaching on club activities to guidance, also to the other school affairs from the questionnaire survey to teachers in the Tokyo metropolitan area and seven prefectures, Iwate, Niigata, Shizuoka, Nara, Kagawa, Yamaguchi, and Kagoshima./ We will deal with the following issues in this paper. 1) School survey; the relations between the size of schools and club activities, the obligation on participation in club activities, assignment of adviser-teachers, school aims concerning club activities. 2) Teachers survey; circumstances of club activities, the management system of club activities and coaches, teachers'experiences about club activities, management and coaching, the other school affairs, teachers'opinions concerning coaching and teaching.

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.373-390, 2011

被引用文献数

1

---

In Japan, teachers not only teach students inside the classroom, but also manage extracurricular sports activities outside the classroom. This system of extracurricular sports activities is a distinctive feature of school education in Japan, and is totally dependent on the voluntary attitude of teachers. Although extracurricular sports activities are not included in the Course of Study, teachers are positively willing to manage them as school educational activities. Why should this be so? Furthermore, the contents of extracurricular sport activities seem to have no relationship with school education. Then, how do teachers identify sports as school educational activities? In order to examine these questions, this study focused on teachers' interpretations of difficulties in combining sports with education, as these difficulties ultimately determine whether teachers are positively willing to manage extracurricular sports activities. In managing school educational activities, teachers inevitably encounter certain difficulties (e.g. coping with diversity among students). How, then, do teachers interpret these difficulties?<br> The purpose of this study was to clarify the reasons why teachers are positively willing to manage extracurricular sport activities in Japan by analyzing their interpretations of difficulties with combining sports and education. The data were gathered by fieldwork at a public junior high school in the Kanto area. At this school, 12 teachers who managed extracurricular sport activities were observed and interviewed. Among them, a male teacher managing the rugby club was the most positive. This study focused on this individual as a case example to examine the reasons for his positive attitude.<br> This teacher divided the students into a high-skill and a low-skill groups in order to coach them efficiently. However, that division caused high-skill students to bully those with a low skill level, which obviously was not desirable in educational terms. However, the teacher interpreted the presence of a bully as a good opportunity to educate his students. Therefore, this difficulty was &ldquo;solved&rdquo; by the interpretation of this particular teacher.<br> In conclusion, various individual teachers' interpretations can &ldquo;solve&rdquo; certain difficulties and allow them to combine sports with education, allowing them to positively manage extracurricular sports activities as school educational activities without any conflict.<br>

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.373-390, 2011-12

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一橋大学

雑誌

一橋大学スポーツ研究 (ISSN:18803814)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.37-48, 2010-10-01

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

東京大学

巻号頁・発行日

2012

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博士論文

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22015, (Released:2022-06-02)

著者

中澤 篤史 西島 央 矢野 博之 熊谷 信司

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.317-337, 2008

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application/pdf

著者

西島 央 藤田 武志 矢野 博之 荒川 英央 中澤 篤史

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.99-129, 2003-03-10

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In this research, we will endeavour to illuminate the factors that affect high school students'commitment to their schools; their future educational goals and career trajectories. Examining how they have been involved in various club activities at school will provide the basis for this evaluation. In doing so, we will propose "a plural model of school culture." The research is being carried out within a context of significant educational change. The implementation of the new national curriculum (course of study), a five-day week school system, and the co-operative linkage of schools, homes, and communities are likely to have some form of impact that will need to be assessed. This leads us to adopt a methodological approach that makes extensive use of a series of research surveys. These will seek to identify the effects which the new national curriculum will have upon students'school lives, especially in relation to club activities. So far, we have carried out two extensive questionnaires in 1999 and 2001 along with additional participant observation in a limited number of schools. Our target group has been junior high school students. In light of the above and in view of our proposed new series of research surveys for high school students we will construct a hypothetical analysis in order to prepare a survey for use in the reinvestigation of the matter in 2004. This series of research surveys on high school students aims to propose an agenda for school education which should take account of what form club activities should take in the future. To date, we have analysed data stemming from 4,500 questionnaires. These have been collected from high-school students in two (Shizuoka and Niigata) different prefectures and the Tokyo metropolitan area in March 2002. In this paper we will deal with the following four issues. 1, Using four clusters which based on the levels of commitment to their various aspects of the school life, classes, official events, and club activities, we discuss the students'adaptability to school life. 2, Focusing on the differences of the opportunities in sports/culture activities being influenced by the students'family backgrounds, we argue the significance of club-activities for students in their junior high school days. Besides we explore the issues so as to realize "the lifelong sports-society", focusing on the sports club-activities. 3, We examine students'behaviours from the viewpoint of whether they are an active club member or whether they have withdrawn from such activities. This will be used, in part, as a predictor for the various path-ways that students take as they adapt themselves to the changing nature of life during their high school experiences.

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

教育公論社

雑誌

週刊教育資料 = Educational public opinion

巻号頁・発行日

no.1448, 2017-09-25

著者

中澤 篤史

出版者

労働政策研究・研修機構

雑誌

日本労働研究雑誌 (ISSN:09163808)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.11, pp.85-94, 2017-11