著者
鈴木 建夫 新井田 清信 西田 泰典 大島 弘光 室伏 誠
出版者
北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学)
雑誌
北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, pp.53-65, 2007-03-15

Many authors have discussed the eruption time sequence and the mechanism of volcanic eruptions by estimating the ejected velocity of the volcanic blocks, with the aid of other factors of eruptive phenomena. Equations of motion for the volcanic blocks have been proposed by considering the factors, such as the air resistance, the influence of the wind, the inclination of the explosion principal axis and so on. However, the equation of motion and its solution has not been considered that the air resistance power was vector quantity for the flight of volcanic blocks. In this paper a new equation of motion for the ejected volcanic blocks is proposed by considering the air resistance power as vector quantity.
著者
鈴木 建夫 新井田 清信 西田 泰典 大島 弘光 室伏 誠
出版者
北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学)
雑誌
北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, pp.67-83, 2007-03-15

The present authors pointed out, in the last paper, a mistake in the equation of motion for volcanic blocks. Reliable assumption of the air resistance to the blocks is required for accurate estimation of initial velocity of volcanic blocks. However, little attention has been given to the point. This paper organizes the problems about the estimation of the air resistance and proposes a new method of the estimation. Also this paper organizes the effect of factors on the distribution of volcanic blocks. Model calculations revealed the effect of the atmospheric air density cannot be ignored. For the effect of explosion principal axis on the distribution of volcanic blocks, this paper proposes an extended equation which volcanic blocks eject to all the directions around the crater.
著者
寺田 暁彦 中川 光弘 大島 弘光 青山 裕 神山 裕幸
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.1-2, pp.17-26, 2004

In this paper, the authors describe remarkable thermo-activities especially at the fumaroles B on the southwestern cliff of the summit dome on Tarumae volcano, which unusually occurred soon after the Tokachi-oki erathquake that took place on Sep. 26 2003 (MJMA 8.0). The unusual thermoactivities include (1) increase in gas flux, (2) weak glow witnessed by the high-sensitive camera in the nighttime with positions moving night by night, and (3) ash ejection of about 24m^3. Since the high-sensitive cameras can detect thermal radiation, the observed glow would be evidence for high-temperature of rock surface. It is considered that the Tokachi-oki earthquake would affect the volcano to eject a large amount of high-temperature gas, which resulted in the weak but unusual glow and ash deposits of the order of 10m^3 in volume.
著者
鍵山 恒臣 筒井 智樹 三ヶ田 均 森田 裕一 松島 健 井口 正人 及川 純 山岡 耕春 熊谷 博之 西村 裕一 宮町 宏樹 渡辺 了 西村 太志 高木 朗充 山本 圭吾 浜口 博之 岡田 弘 前川 徳光 大島 弘光 植木 貞人 橋本 恵一 仁田 交一 茂原 諭 中道 治久 汐見 勝彦 中原 恒 青木 重樹 青地 秀雄 井田 喜明
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大学地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.2/4, pp.33-60, 1996-03-15

In recent years, investigations on the structures of volcanoes have been noteworthy for further understanding volcanic processes, including locations of magma reservoirs, magma rising process before eruptions and causes of related phenomena. In 1994, a joint experiment was conducted on Kirishima Volcanoes, Southern Kyushu, to reveal the structure and the magma supply system by a group of scientists from national universities under the National Research Project for the Prediction of Volcanic Eruptions. The experiment was carried out by seismological, electromagnetic and other geophysical methods. The following seven papers including this one present some results of the experiments. This paper outlines a seismic explosion experiment in Kirishima, and presents all data on the first motion. An extensive explosion seismic experiment was conducted on December 1, 1994. Observations were made along a 30-km major line lying in the NNW-SSE direction and other sub-lines which cross the major line in and around the Kirishima Volcanoes. Along these lines, 6 shots with a charge size of 200-250 kg, and 163 temporary observations were arranged by many universities and institutes. A newly developed data logger was used for these temporal observations, and the position of each site was determined by GPS. All 6 shots were successfully fired, and clear onset and significant phases were observed at most observation sites. A travel time diagram suggests that a high velocity layer crops out south of the Kirishima Volcanoes, while in the Kirishima Volcanoes, this layer is covered with a lower velocity layer, which is thick at the northern part. It is also suggested that a structural discontinuity exists between S3 and S4.
著者
寺田 暁彦 中川 光弘 大島 弘光 青山 裕 神山 裕幸
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.1/2, pp.17-26, 2004

In this paper, the authors describe remarkable thermo-activities especially at the fumaroles B on the southwestern cliff of the summit dome on Tarumae volcano, which unusually occurred soon after the Tokachi-oki erathquake that took place on Sep. 26 2003 (MJMA 8.0). The unusual thermoactivities include (1) increase in gas flux, (2) weak glow witnessed by the high-sensitive camera in the nighttime with positions moving night by night, and (3) ash ejection of about 24m^3. Since the high-sensitive cameras can detect thermal radiation, the observed glow would be evidence for high-temperature of rock surface. It is considered that the Tokachi-oki earthquake would affect the volcano to eject a large amount of high-temperature gas, which resulted in the weak but unusual glow and ash deposits of the order of 10m^3 in volume.
著者
岡田 弘 筒井 智樹 大島 弘光 宇井 忠英
出版者
北海道大学
雑誌
総合研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
1992

フィリッピン・マヨン火山で1993年2月2日に発生した火砕流噴火は、事前の警告もなく70余名の犠牲者を出した。また、火山から6kmの永久居住禁止地区に加え、南東側では半径10km迄の数万人の地域住民が避難している。本研究班では、平成5年2月26日から3月5日の期間にフィリッピン火山地震研究所の協力を得て調査研究を実施した。地震記録、噴出物、過去の噴火記録などを手がかりに2月2日の火砕流の特性を解析した。爆発型で始まり、南東ガリーを崩落直進し屈曲点での破砕が、激しいサージと多数の死者の原因らしい。地震や空振の共同観測資料では、3月1〜4日にかけての火山灰噴出や小規模火砕流の実体を明らかにすることができた。マヨン火山はフィリッピンで最も活発な火山として噴火前から手引書の作成、観測所の整備、災害予測図の作成等注目する取り組みがなされていた。にもかかわらず、2月2日の噴火に先立ち直前前兆としての群発地震や徴動を時間・日単位で認めることは出来なかった。長期的には数ケ月単位の地震活動の衰勢、また顕著な前兆として周辺での井戸水位の低下があった。火山地震研究所は、二酸化硫黄放出量や地震徴動等の数値情報が盛り込まれた火山情報を発表し、5段階の警戒レベルを用いている。学ぶべき点も多い。避難所や大学での火山活動説明会や国際火山学会の映像ビデオの活用、更にマスメディアとの対応などに接する機会もあった。また、噴火直後から1ケ月間駐在し調査研究を行っていた米国の火山学者と、緊密な連絡をとると共に、調査における多大な授助を受けた。運転手付きの外交官車両や人工衛星通信設備の利用など、災害時の緊急調査研究の内容について、今後の教訓として得るものも多かった。