著者

川上 直秋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.23-33, 2020 (Released:2020-04-25)

参考文献数

25

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Drawing on the literature about approach-avoidance behavior, this study tested whether asymmetries in the ways people interact with their smartphones using flick input (an input method based on swiping a key in a certain direction to produce the desired letter) influence their evaluations of the emotional valence of words. Specifically, a downward flick is regarded as an approach behavior in that the movement of a finger is directed toward the self, while an upward flick is regarded as avoidance behavior in that the movement is directed away from the self. In five studies, the predicted relationship between emotional valence and direction of finger movement on the smartphone was observed for nonwords and existing words. On average, words with more downward flick letters were rated as more positive in valence than words with more upward flick letters (hereafter referred to as the Flick effect). Of note, the Flick effect was not found among people who have never owned a smartphone, suggesting that smartphone use with flick input shapes the meaning of words.

著者

川上 直秋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.18060, (Released:2020-03-10)

参考文献数

25

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Drawing on the literature about approach-avoidance behavior, this study tested whether asymmetries in the ways people interact with their smartphones using flick input (an input method based on swiping a key in a certain direction to produce the desired letter) influence their evaluations of the emotional valence of words. Specifically, a downward flick is regarded as an approach behavior in that the movement of a finger is directed toward the self, while an upward flick is regarded as avoidance behavior in that the movement is directed away from the self. In five studies, the predicted relationship between emotional valence and direction of finger movement on the smartphone was observed for nonwords and existing words. On average, words with more downward flick letters were rated as more positive in valence than words with more upward flick letters (hereafter referred to as the Flick effect). Of note, the Flick effect was not found among people who have never owned a smartphone, suggesting that smartphone use with flick input shapes the meaning of words.

著者

川上 直秋

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.81-86, 2015-10-01 (Released:2017-04-24)

参考文献数

26

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The mere exposure effect means that repeated, unreinforced exposure is sufficient to enhance one's liking toward a stimulus. Furthermore, a number of experiments have demonstrated that this effect can be obtained outside of conscious awareness. The present article reviews empirical findings pointing to the cognitive factors which enhance the effect, such as familiarity-novelty and consistency of action. This review suggests that the mere exposure effect is closely related to the social fluency associated with an exposed object. Finally, some prospects for emerging themes for the future of study on the mere exposure effect are discussed.

著者

川上 直秋 永井 聖剛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16057, (Released:2017-11-10)

参考文献数

43

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It is well known that cognitive fluency affects various attitudes. We demonstrated that a subjective feeling of fluency, induced by repeated exposure to handwritten words, increases the acceptance of persuasive messages. Participants were repeatedly exposed to a set of handwritten words written in Japanese. In a subsequent test phase, they were required to rate the handwritten messages. The results showed that when the personal relevance of the messages was low, repeated exposure facilitated acceptance of messages written by the same person who had written the previously exposed words. This observation implies that we might make irrational decisions according to the ease with which the message can be processed, rather than according to the validity of message content.

著者

川上 直秋 永井 聖剛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.6, pp.546-555, 2017 (Released:2018-02-25)

参考文献数

43

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It is well known that cognitive fluency affects various attitudes. We demonstrated that a subjective feeling of fluency, induced by repeated exposure to handwritten words, increases the acceptance of persuasive messages. Participants were repeatedly exposed to a set of handwritten words written in Japanese. In a subsequent test phase, they were required to rate the handwritten messages. The results showed that when the personal relevance of the messages was low, repeated exposure facilitated acceptance of messages written by the same person who had written the previously exposed words. This observation implies that we might make irrational decisions according to the ease with which the message can be processed, rather than according to the validity of message content.

著者

川上 直秋 菊地 正 吉田 富二雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.187-193, 2014

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It is known that the mere exposure effect generalizes to the previously unseen letter strings that are similar along certain abstract dimensions (i.e., artificial grammar) to the exposed letter strings. We examined the generalization of the mere exposure effect through peculiarity of handwriting. Participants were repeatedly exposed to a set of handwritten words in Japanese hiragana. In a subsequent test phase, they were assigned to one of two conditions (same-word condition vs. changed-word condition). Participants who were assigned to the same-word condition were required to rate the handwritten words identical to the previous exposure phase, and those who were assigned to the changed-word condition rated the previously unseen words hand-written by the same person. The results showed that the mere exposure effect occurred not only for the same-word condition but also for the changed-word condition, while the effect under the changed-word condition was weak compared to the same-word condition. This means that the mere exposure effect generalized to the novel letter strings with the same handwriting previously exposed. Thhe implications and future directions are discussed.

著者

川上 直秋 菊地 正 吉田 富二雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.187-193, 2014-03-17 (Released:2017-02-28)

被引用文献数

2

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It is known that the mere exposure effect generalizes to the previously unseen letter strings that are similar along certain abstract dimensions (i.e., artificial grammar) to the exposed letter strings. We examined the generalization of the mere exposure effect through peculiarity of handwriting. Participants were repeatedly exposed to a set of handwritten words in Japanese hiragana. In a subsequent test phase, they were assigned to one of two conditions (same-word condition vs. changed-word condition). Participants who were assigned to the same-word condition were required to rate the handwritten words identical to the previous exposure phase, and those who were assigned to the changed-word condition rated the previously unseen words hand-written by the same person. The results showed that the mere exposure effect occurred not only for the same-word condition but also for the changed-word condition, while the effect under the changed-word condition was weak compared to the same-word condition. This means that the mere exposure effect generalized to the novel letter strings with the same handwriting previously exposed. Thhe implications and future directions are discussed.

著者

川上 直秋 吉田 富二雄

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.318-329, 2013-09-01 (Released:2014-12-05)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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We examined the effect of subliminal mere exposure on the implicit group evaluation,focusing on the typicality of group members. Recent researches on the mere exposure effects have suggested the important roles of the cognitive factors on preference forma-tion. We considered the exposures to non-typical members in a group as the factor of heterogeneity, investigating the optimum level of heterogeneity to improve the implicit “Otaku” evaluation. We hypothesized that exposure to a few heterogeneous members in a group would have a stronger effect. In the experiment, ten group members were subliminally presented as “Otaku”, and the number of the typical members in the ten members was manipulated. Then their implicit “Otaku” evaluations were measured using the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT). The results showed that the exposure to the seven typical and three non-typical members produced the most powerful effects in all conditions, whereas the exposures which contained more non-typical members than typical members had no effect. The roles of heterogeneity in mere exposure effect and implications for the unconsciousness of the higher mental processes were discussed.

著者

川上 直秋 吉田 富二雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.4, pp.345-353, 2011 (Released:2012-02-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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We examined the accumulative effects and long-term persistence of subliminal mere exposure. An accumulative exposure condition (100 exposures distributed over five days) and a massed exposure condition (100 exposures in one day) were used in a Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT), with assessments of likability from Time 1 (just after) to Time 6 (after three months). First, a single stimulus was shown subliminally for a total of 100 times. The results indicated that mere exposure effects occurred equally often at Time 1. However, after Time 2, likability gradually decreased under the massed exposure condition, while it did not decrease under the accumulative exposure condition until Time 6. Second, in order to investigate the effect of multiple exposure, five stimuli belonging to a common category were shown 20 times each, for a total of 100 times. An ANOVA suggested that massed exposure had an instantaneous effect on likability, whereas accumulative exposure had a long-term persistence effect. Also, multiple exposures strengthened the mere exposure effect.

著者

川上 直秋 永井 聖剛

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.6, pp.546-555, 2018-02

著者

永井 聖剛 山田 陽平 金谷 英俊 川上 直秋 西崎 友規子

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

日本認知心理学会発表論文集 日本認知心理学会第14回大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.6, 2016 (Released:2016-10-17)

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刺激の大小や速遅などの物理的性質と運動反応の強弱との間にみられる刺激—反応適合性は,オブジェクトに関する概念的性質に対しても生じる。したがって,刺激や運動反応についての性質は抽象化された単純情報次元(例えば,大—小)で共有されるものと考えられる。本研究では,刺激が示唆するパワーと発揮される握力という刺激-運動反応間での適合性について検討した。実験では乳幼児画像,レスラー画像,またはブランク画面が提示され,実験参加者には人物が提示されたき,事前に練習した最大筋力の50 %の出力で握力計を握るように求めた。結果から,非利き手に限り,レスラー画像に対して乳幼児画像よりも大きな握力が発揮されることを明らかにした。利き手では筋力のコントロールが非利き手に比べ正確にできるために,非利き手で大きな効果が出現したものと考察された。

著者

川上 直秋 吉田 富二雄

出版者

筑波大学心理学系

雑誌

筑波大学心理学研究 (ISSN:09158952)

巻号頁・発行日

no.42, pp.29-34, 2011

著者

川上 直秋

出版者

筑波大学

雑誌

特別研究員奨励費

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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ある対象に反復して接触するだけでその好意度が高まる現象を単純接触効果と呼び,自らが接触したことを再認できない状況下(閾下接触)においても生起する。今年度は,接触を日々積み重ねることによる累積的効果と,その効果のアウトプットとしての持続性について検討することを目的とした。すなわち,我々が何かに反復して接触する事態というのは,必ずしも一時点で完結するものではない。むしろ,日常的な生活を通して少数ずつの接触が日々蓄積していく。したがって,これらの検討によって,本人の自覚とは独立に日々蓄積していく情報がどのような形で影響を及ぼすか,長期的な視点に立った知見が得られることが期待された。研究では,実験参加者を4群に分け,それぞれ累積接触群(ある刺激画像に1日20回閾下で接触するセットを5日間連続で実施,計100回接触),集中接触群(20回の接触セットを1時点で5回実施),基本接触群(20回の接触セットを1回のみ実施),統制群(接触なし)とした。その結果,集中接触群と基本接触群では,接触した画像への好意度が接触直後から漸減傾向を示したのに対して,累積接触群では効果の減少が見られず,3カ月後まで接触直後の効果が維持されることが明らかとなった。この知見は,自らが接触したことを気付かない無意識的な接触であっても,それが日々繰り返されることによって長期的な影響として累積されることを示唆し,日常的な広告への接触やテレビの視聴による影響過程の解明などへ重要なインプリケーションを有する。